• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2002

In recent yearn, eating habit that is not right causes disease the dietary fiber (DF) intakes of Korean decreases. Occurrence of chronic disease such as constipation increased gradually. This study was performed to investigate of high fiber standard recipes for one day including major source of DF such as vegetables, cereals and grain products, seaweeds, fruits, fungi and mushrooms, and legumes and products for improving constipation through dietary treatment. Nutrient analysis per person marked energy, protein, fat and DF content. The food of high I : S ratio (Insoluble fibers: Soluble fibers) are soybean sprout salad, rice gruel with vegetables, pan fried mushroom with vegetables. The food of low I:S ratio are fermented soybean paste stew, fried rice with kimchi, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yogurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. The menu developed in this study, contains fiber of at least 8.97 times of RDA and in point view of 1 day intake, that is similar to the scope of RDA, 20-25 g per day. This findings should be appliable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation. And also, the aim of study is constipation patients easily applicate that developed the food of high fiber using Korean common food. And the result of the study will be the basic data about clinical test of food developed in this study and the danger of high fiber diet. The representative high fiber diet menu is rice gruel with vegetable, rice with radish and oyster, fermented soybean paste stew, kimchi stew, assorted soybean sprout salad, three kinds of pancake roll, pan fried mushroom with vegetables, fruits salad with yoghurt dressing and seasoned noodle with vegetables. This findings should be applicable to nutritional education and medical food for constipation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.427-433
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• 2013

본 연구는 옥수수 섬유질을 수분주입량의 변화에 따라 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질과 탈전분 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질의 물리화학적 특성 변화를 측정하였다. 원료의 수분주입량은 30, 40, 50%로 조절하였으며 스크루 회전속도와 사출구 온도는 각각 200 rpm, $140^{\circ}C$로 고정시켜 압출성형 하였다. 일반성분 함량은 원료에 비해 감소하였으며, 수분주입량이 30%일 때 옥수수 섬유질과 탈전분 옥수수 섬유질의 불용성 식이섬유 함량은 감소하고 수용성 식이섬유 함량은 증가하였다. 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질의 비기계적 에너지, 직경팽화율, 밀도, 파괴력, 탄성계수는 수분함량이 증가할수록 감소하였고, 비길이는 증가하였다. 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질의 수분흡착지수와 환원당은 수분주입량이 증가할수록 변화가 없었으며 수분용해지수는 감소하였다. 반면에 탈전분 옥수수 섬유질의 수분흡착지수는 감소하고 수분용해지수와 환원당은 증가하였다. 수분주입량 30%일 때 유용성분의 추출이 미량 증가하는 것으로 보아 압출성형공정의 적용하여 섬유질에 포함된 유용성분의 추출이 용이할 것으로 생각된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

암의 유전자치료에서 암세포로의 선택적 유전자전달 매체의 부족은 치료효과의 감소를 야기하는 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 난소암 유전자치료의 효율을 높이기 위한 목적으로 난소암세포로 선택적인 유전자전달을 하도록 개량된 아데노바이러스 벡터를 제조하고, 그 효율성을 난소암세포주를 이용하여 조사하였다. 난소암세포에 과다발현하는 분자인 ErbB receptor를 표적하도록 아데노바이러스 외피단백질 fiber에 ErbB receptor에 대한 ligand인 heregulin으로부터 유래한 펩티드를 부착하였다. 53개의 아미노산으로 구성된 외부 펩티드를 fiber에 부착하였을 때 바이러스 감염에 중요한 기능을 하는 fiber 삼량체 구조 형성에 영향을 미치지 않았다. Fiber를 조작한 개량 아데노바이러스는 야생형 fiber를 가진 1세대 아데노바이러스 벡터에 비해 선택적으로 난소암으로 유전자를 전달하는 비율이 증가하였다. 특히 항암제에 저항성을 가진 난소암세포주 OVCAR3에서 유전자전달 효율이 약 5배 증가되었다. 따라서 난소암의 유전자치료에서 개량된 아데노바이러스로 치료 유전자를 전달하면 치료의 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the food behavior and dietary fiber intakes of high school girls using questionnaires and 24-hr recall method. Collected sample were 263 girls from 4 different high schools. The dietary intakes were analyzed by the DS24 WIN program. The average height and weight of the respondents were $161.0{\pm}5.0$ cm and $51.8{\pm}6.3$ kg. The average BMI was $20.2{\pm}2.2$ which was within the normal range. The breakfast skipping rate was 39.2% and the reason of breakfast skipping were lack of time(50.0%), irregular meal time due to eating between meals(17.0%) and poor appetite(13.7%). The average daily energy intake of the respondents was 1741kcal. Beside protein, phosphorus, iron, niacin, vitamin A, and B1, all other nutrients intake level were below the recommended intake(RI). Average calcium and folate intakes were below the EAR as of $59.5{\sim}89.7%$ and $63{\sim}83%$ respectively. The average dietary fiber intake of the subjects was $15.6{\pm}5.2$ g, between 3.4g-35.2 g, and the respondents coumed $9.2{\pm}2.6$ g/kcal of dietary fiber. The main sources of dietary fiber were rice and kimchi which supplied 14.75% and 13.66% of total dietary fiber respectively. Also the major food groups supplying dietary fiber were vegetables and cereals, 36.90% and 31.06% of total dietary fiber respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.494-501
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• 2015

A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake ($76.8{\pm}4.2g/kg\;BW^{0.75}$) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility ($55.3{\pm}1.22$; $69.9{\pm}0.85$; $46.3{\pm}1.65%$ respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets ($3.0{\pm}0.32g/d$). In contrast, the rumen ammonia ($NH_3-N$) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The $NH_3-N$ concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.659-666
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• 2009

Metabolizable protein (MP) supply and amino acid balance in the intestine were manipulated through selection of highly digestible rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) sources and protected methionine (Met) supplementation. Four ruminallycannulated, multiparous Holstein cows averaging 193${\pm}$13 days in milk were used in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square design to assess N utilization and milk production responses to changes in RUP level, post-ruminal RUP digestibility and protected Met supplementation. Treatments were A) 14.0% crude protein (CP), 8.0% rumen degradable protein (RDP) and 6.0% RUP of low intestinal digestibility (HiRUP-LoDRUP); B) 14.1% CP, 8.1% RDP and 6.0% RUP of high intestinal digestibility (HiRUP-HiDRUP); C) 13.1% CP, 7.9% RDP and 5.2% RUP of high intestinal digestibility (LoRUP-HiDRUP), and D) 13.1% CP, 7.9% RDP and 5.2% RUP of high intestinal digestibility plus rumen escape sources of Met (LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met). Experimental diets were formulated to have similar concentrations of RDP, net energy of lactation ($NE_L$), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium, phosphorus and ether extract using the NRC model (2001). Results showed that dry matter intake (DMI), production of milk fat and protein were similar among treatments. Milk production was similar for diet HiRUP-LoDRUP, HiRUP-HiDRUP and LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met, and significantly higher than diet LoRUP-HiDRUP. Milk fat and protein percentage were higher for cows receiving HiDRUP treatments, with the greatest increases in the diet LoRUP-HiDRUP+Met. There was no significant change in ruminal pH, $NH_3g-N$ and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration among all treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), CP, NDF and ADF and estimated bacterial CP synthesis were similar for all treatments. Nitrogen intakes, blood and milk urea-N concentrations were significantly higher for cows receiving HiRUP diets. Urine volume and total urinary N excretion were significantly lowered by LoRUP diets. Lowering dietary RUP level while supplementing the highly digestible RUP source with rumen escape sources of Met resulted in similar milk production, maximal milk fat and protein concentration and maximum N efficiency, indicating that post-ruminal digestibility of RUP and amino acid balance in the small intestine can be more important than total RUP supplementation.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2003

The present studies are designed to determine whether the NMES can affect the muscle atrophy in rats following administration of steroid. Rats were divided into four groups: 1) Control group treated with administration of distilled water. 2) The group treated with administration of steroid. 3) The group treated with NMES once a day after adminstration of steroid. 4) The group treated with NMES twice a day after administration of steroid. The muscle atrophy was induced by one week administration of dexamethasone once a day by 3 mg/kg. The change in the structure of muscle fiber and the amount. of myofibril protein and gastrocnemius were determined after every week dissection of the tissues. The results were as follows; 1. The administration of steroid significantly affected the decrease in the weight, but NMES did not affect the inhibition of decrease in the weight. 2. The weight of gastrocnemius in the group once treated with NMES was changed two weeks later; similarly in the group twice treated with NMES significantly did two or three weeks later. These indicated that NMES affected the muscular activation of gastrocnemius(p<.05). 3. The changes in the amount of gastrocnemius protein by NMES might, indicate that NMES activated the capacity of synthesis of muscle fiber protein(p<.05).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

The species of forage crops used in this study were Italian ryegrass (cv. Kowenery), sorghum (cv. SX17), proso millet (cv. domestic) and Japanese millet (cv. Jeju). The plant height of the summer crops was the highest at the dough stage. The dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass was 902.7 kg per 10 a. The dry matter yield of the winter crop and sorghum was 11,985 kg when harvested at the dough stage rather than at the first and second harvests. The proso and Japanese millet also had higher yields for dry matter during the dough stage rather than during heading and regeneration. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of Sorghum was lower than that of the first and second harvest; however, the proso and Japanese millet had a higher ADF content at the dough stage. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was higher at the dough stage than at the first and second harvest, and the crude protein content was also lower at the dough stage than at the first and second harvest. The crude protein production for the dry matter yield was about 84 kg in Sorghum when harvested at the dough stage. Proso millet showed no difference for the crude protein production at the heading and dough stage while the Japanese millet had a higher crude protein production. There were no differences in the total digestible nutrients (TDN) content for the three crops according to the harvesting time. Therefore, if Sorghum and Proso and Japanese millet are to be combined with Italian ryegrass, it is better to harvest them at the dough stage.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on ethanol-metabolism. Sprague Dawley rats divided into 6 groups (n=8), fed with 10% ethanol and diets supplemented with each 1% of four plant extracts, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ (as positive control) and fiber (as negative control) for 4 weeks. Group supplemented with plant extract of Ulmus davidiana showed the most high value (322 nM NADH/min/mg protein) in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity among the experimented groups $(144{\sim}312\;nM\;NADH/min/mg\;protein)$ at p<0.05. Groups fed with Lagerstroemia indica and Zelkova serrata extract-supplemented diets indicated high activity in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, 16.7 & 12.3 M NADH/min/mg protein), which were comparatively lower than 20.1 M NADH/min/mg protein of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ fed group. All of the groups fed with plant extracts indicated very low GPT activities $(13.9{\sim}17.3\;IU/l)$ compared to those (146.1 & 128.6 IU/l) fed with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and fiber at p<0.05. From these results, it is suggested that Lagerstroemia indica have a potent ethanol-metabolizing activity.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1511-1511
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• 2001

Energy content, expressed as calories per gram, is an important part of the evaluation and marketing of foods in developed countries. Currently accepted methods of measurement of energy by U.S. food labeling legislation include measurement of gross calories by bomb calorimetry with an adjustment for undigested protein and by calculation using specific factors for the energy values of protein, carbohydrate less the amount of insoluble dietary fiber, and total fat. The ability of NIRS to predict the energy value of diverse, processed and unprocessed cereal food products was investigated. NIR spectra of cereal products were obtained with an NIR Systems monochromator and the wavelength range used for analysis was 1104-2494 nm. Gross energy of the foods was measured by oxygen bomb calorimetry (Parr Manual No. 120) and expressed as calories per gram (CPGI, range 4.05-5.49 cal/g). Energy value was adjusted for undigested protein (CPG2, range 3.99-5.38 cal/g) and undigested protein and insoluble dietary fiber (CPG3, range 2.42-5.35 cal/g). Using a multivariate analysis software package (ISI International, Inc.) partial least squares models were developed for the prediction of energy content. The standard error of cross validation and multiple coefficient of determination for CPGI using modified partial least squares regression (n=127) was 0.060 cal/g and 0.95, respectively, and the standard error of performance, coefficient of determination, bias and slope using an independent validation set (n=59) were 0.057 cal/g, 0.98, -0.027 cal/g and 1.05 respectively. The PLS loading for factor 1 (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.92) had significant absorption peaks correlated to C-H stretch groups in lipid at 1722/1764 nm and 2304/2346 nm and O-H groups in carbohydrate at 1434 and 2076 nm. Thus the model appeared to be predominantly influenced by lipid and carbohydrate. Models for CPG2 and CPG3 showed similar trends with standard errors of performance, using the independent validation set, of 0.058 and 0.088 cal/g, respectively, and coefficients of determination of 0.96. Thus NIRS provides a rapid and efficient method of predicting energy content of diverse cereal foods.