• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.21-35
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• 1999

We have previously isolated OsMADS4 gene that is a member of the class B MADS box genes from rice. In this study, another member of the class B MADS box genes was isolated from rice flower by the yeast two-hybrid screening method using OsMADS4 as bait. RNA blot analyses revealed that the clone, OsMADS16, was expressed in the second and third whorls, whereas the OsMADS4 transcripts were present in the second, third, and fourth whorls. These expression patterns of the OsMADS16 and OsMADS4 genes are very similar with those of AP3 and PI, the class B genes of Arabidopsis, respectively. In the yeast two-hybrid system, OsMADS4 interacted only with OsMADS16 among several rice MADS genes investigated, suggesting that OsMADS4 and OsMADS16 function as a heterodimer in specifying sepal and petal identities. We have also isolated OsMADS6 gene using OsMADS1 as a probe. Both are members of the AGL2 MADS family. Various MADS genes that encode for protein-protein interaction partners of the OsMADS6 protein were isolated by the yeast two-hybrid screening method. A majority of these genes belong to the AGL2 family. Sequence Homology, expression pattern, and ectopic expression phenotypes indicated that one of the interaction partners, OsMADS14, appears to be homologous to API, the class A MADS gene of Arabidopsis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.500-506
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• 2005

HOX11 encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor which directs the development of the spleen during embryogenesis. While HOX11 expression is normally silenced through an unknown mechanism in all tissues by adulthood, the deregulation of HOX11 expression is associated with leukemia, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The elucidation of regulatory elements contributing to the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of HOX11 gene expression is of great importance. Previous reports of HOX11 regulatory elements mainly focused on the 5'-flanking region of HOX11 on the chromosome related to transcriptional control. To expand the search of putative cis-elements involved in HOX11 regulation at the post-transcriptional level, we analyzed HOX11 mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) and found an AU-rich region. To characterize this AU-rich region, in vitro analysis of HOX11 mRNA 3'UTR was performed with human RNA-binding protein HuR, which interacts with AU-rich element (ARE) existing in the 3'UTR of many growth factors' and cytokines' mRNAs. Our results showed that the HOX11 mRNA 3'UTR can specifically bind with human HuR protein in vitro. This specific binding could be competed effectively by typical ARE containing RNA. After the deletion of the AU-rich region present in the HOX11 mRNA 3'UTR, the interaction of HOX11 mRNA 3'UTR with HuR protein was abolished. These findings suggest that HOX11 mRNA 3'UTR contains cis-acting element which shares similarity in the action pattern with RE-HuR interactions and may involve in the post-transcriptional regulation of the HOX11 gene.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.239-240
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• 2015

Dysregulation of cytokine expression causes inflammatory diseases or chronic infection conditions. We have identified that Tat-activating regulatory DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is involved in cytokine RNA processing in order to promote an optimal immune response. The interaction of TDP-43 with spliceosomal components from the Cajal body leads to the formation of a novel sub-nuclear body called the Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 Splicing Activating Compartment (InSAC). TDP-43 binds to the IL-6 and IL-10 RNAs in a sequence-dependent manner. In cell-based studies, we observed that lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) stimulation induces the formation of the InSAC through TDP-43 ubiquitination, thereby influencing the processing and expression levels of IL-6 RNA. Moreover, TDP-43 knockdown in vivo results in a decrease in IL-6 production and its RNA splicing and stability. Thus, these findings demonstrate that the InSAC is linked to the activation and modulation of the immune response. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(5): 239-240]

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1985.08b
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• pp.73-81
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• 1985

We have previously isolated OsMADS4 gene that is a member of the class B MADS box genes from rice. In this study, another member of the class B MADS box genes was isolated from rice flower by the yeast two-hybrid screening method using OsMADS4 as bait. RNA blot analyses revealed that the clone, OsMADS16, was expressed in the second and third whorls, whereas the OsMADS4 transcripts were present in the second, third, and fourth whorls. These expression patterns of the OsMADS16 and OsMADS4 genes are very similar with those of AP3 and PI, the class B genes of Arabidopsis, respectively. In the yeast two-hybrid system, OsMADS4 interacted only with OsMADS16 among several rice MADS genes investigated, suggesting that OsMADS4 and OsMADS16 function as a heterodimer in specifying sepal and petal identities. We have also isolated OsMADS6 gene using OsMADS1 as a probe. Both are members of the AGL2 MADS family. Various MADS genes that encode for protein-protein interaction partners of the OsMADS6 protein were isolated by the yeast two-hybrid screening method. A majority of these genes belong to the AGL2 family. Sequence Homology, expression pattern, and ectopic expression phenotypes indicated that one of the interaction partners, OsMADS14, appears to be homologous to API, the class A MADS gene of Arabidopsis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1262-1274
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• 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a complex and refractor type of cancer with global prevalence. Several barriers remain in CCA diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Therefore, exploring more biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for CCA management is necessary. CCA gene expression data was downloaded from the TCGA and GEO databases. KEGG enrichment, GO analysis, and protein-protein interaction network were used for hub gene identification. miRNA were predicted using Targetscan and validated according to several GEO databases. The relative RNA and miRNA expression levels and prognostic information were obtained from the GEPIA. The candidate drug was screened using pharmacophore-based virtual screening and validated by molecular modeling and through several in vitro studies. 301 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. Complement and coagulation cascades-related genes (including AHSG, F2, TTR, and KNG1), and cell cycle-related genes (including CDK1, CCNB1, and KIAA0101) were considered as the hub genes in CCA progression. AHSG, F2, TTR, and KNG1 were found to be significantly decreased and the eight predicted miRNA targeting AHSG, F2, and TTR were increased in CCA patients. CDK1, CCNB1, and KIAA0101 were found to be significantly abundant in CCA patients. In addition, Molport-003-703-800, which is a compound that is derived from pharmacophores-based virtual screening, could directly bind to CDK1 and exhibited anti-tumor activity in cholangiocarcinoma cells. AHSG, F2, TTR, and KNG1 could be novel biomarkers for CCA. Molport-003-703-800 targets CDK1 and work as potential cell cycle inhibitors, thereby having potential for consideration for new chemotherapeutics for CCA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.117.3-118
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• 2003

We tested for the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus in 827 Fusarium graminearum isolated from diseased barley and maize. dsRNA mycoviruses with various sizes were isolated. Of them, it was previously reported that dsRNA from DK2l isolate had pronounced morphological changes, including reduction in mycelial growth, increased to red pigmentation, reduced virulence and sporulation. (Chu et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2002). For better understanding of this hypovirulence associated with DK2l dsRNA virus, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of dsRNA genome and named Fusarium hypovirus DK2l strain (Fhv-DK2l ). Genomic RNA of Fhv-DK2l was determined to be 6625 nucleotides in length excluding the poly (A) tail and contained three putative open reading frame. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and helicase domain were expected in ORF A, 54 to 4709 nucleotide position. ORE B, 4752 to 5216 nucleotide position, and ORF C, 5475 to 6578 nucleotide position, were predicted to encode 16.7kDa and 41.3kDa protein respectively each. We could not detect any conserved domains from these two proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed Fhv-DK2l was related to Cryphonectria hypovirus 3. Ten additional isolates were found that were infected with dsRNA mycoviruses. These mycoviruses contain 2 to 4 different segments of dsRNAs with the size range of approximately 1.7 to 10-kbp in length. The presence of dsRNAs isolates did not affect colony morphology and were transmissible through conidia and ascospore with incidence of 30-100％. These results indicate that there is genomic diversity of dsRNA mycoviruses that infect F. graminearum isolates and that impact of virus infection on host's morphology and virulence is determined by the interaction between dsRNAs and the fungal host, not by the mere presence of the dsRNAs

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2007

Interactions between viral proteins and host proteins are essential for virus replication. Especially, translation of viral genes completely depends on the host machinery. In potyviruses, interactions of genome-linked viral protein (VPg) with host translation factors including eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) has previously been characterized. In this study, we investigated interactions between Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) viral proteins and host translation factors by yeast two-hybrid system. SMV VPg interacted with eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, and PABP in yeast two-hybrid system, while SMV helper component proteinase (HC-pro) interacted with neither of those proteins. The interaction between SMV NIb and PABP was also detected. These results are consistent with those reported previously in other potyviruses. Interestingly, we found reproducible and specific interactions between SMV coat protein (CP) and PABP. Deletion analysis showed that the region of CP comprising amino acids 116 to 206 and the region of PABP comprising amino acids 520 to 580 are involved in CP/PABP interactions. Soybean library screening with SMV NIb by yeast two-hybrid assay also identified several soybean proteins including chlorophyll a/b binding preprotein, photo-system I-N subunit, ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, ST-LSI protein, translation initiation factor 1, TIR-NBS type R protein, RNA binding protein, ubiquitin, and LRR protein kinase. Altogether, these results suggest that potyviral replicase may comprise a multi-protein complex with PABP, CP, and other host factors.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2004

Zinc (Zn) is an essential element in biological process, however inadequate Zn status in general population have been recognized. To update the knowledge for Zn-cadmium (Cd) interaction, we studied the intestinal uptake and transport, and the expression of metal transporter proteins (divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1 ; metal transporter protein 1, MTP1 ; zinc transporter 1, ZnTl ; metallothionein 1 , MT1) in duodenum after Cd exposure using Zn deficient animal model. Rats were led Zn deficient (ZnD, 0.5-1.0 mgZn/kg) or Zn supplemented (ZnS, 50mg Zn/kg) diet for 4 weeks, and followed single administration of $^{109}$ CdCl$_2$orally. The body Zn flatus and tissue Cd concentration were determined at 24 hrs after Cd administration. Total body burden of Cd and Cd absorption index (AI, %) were estimated based on the tissue Cd analyzed. DMT1, MTP1, ZnTl and MT1 mRNA were analyzed by using RT-PCR method. Feeding of Zn deficient diet for 4 weeks produced a reduced body weight gain and a depletion of body Zn. Tissue Cd concentration, body burden of Cd and Cd absorption index were higher in the ZnD diet fed rats than the ZnS diet red rats. Especially, Cd concentration in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and the colon of FeD diet fed rats were higher markedly than in the FeS diet group. The expression levels of DMT1, MTP1 and ZnT1 mRNA in FeD diet fed rats were similar to the FeS diet. The level of MT1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the FeD than the FeS diet fed rats. Taken together, theses results indicate that Zn deficiency in diet induce an increased intestinal absorption and tissue retention of Cd, and down -regulate the MT1 expression in the intestine which might be play a part of role in Cd absorption and transport in mammalian. These findings suggest that deficiency of essential metal could be enhanced the toxicity of toxic, non-esstial metals through the metal-metal interaction.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.745-758
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• 2001

The purpose of study to phenomenological examine and the mechanism regarding the gene(DNA, RNA, Protein) and sports to studied, analyzed. and evaluated. This review considers the evidence for genetic effects in several determinants of endurance performance and resistance performance, namely: body measurements and physique, body fat pulmonary functions, cardiac and circulatory functions, muscle characteristics. substrate utilization, maximal aerobic power and other. Moreover, the response to aerobic training of indicators aerobic work metabolism and endurance performance is reviewed, with emphasis on the specificity of the response and the individual differences observed in training ability. This study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. and think that occurred with exercise influence on skeletal muscle into cell have to Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) changed was after exercise performance, which accompanied into skeletal muscle that were exercise-induces gene-modulation that is, take gene mutations. This study known that existed hormone(epinephrine)-immune system with interaction. Exercise were altered insulin binding and MAP Kinase signaling increased into immune cells. This review suggested that the high rate of glutamine utilization by cells of the immune system serves to maintain a high intra cellular concentration of the intermediates of biosynthetic pathways such that optimal rates of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis can be maintained. In the absence of glutamine, lymphocytes do not proliferate in vitro: proliferation increase greatly as the glutamine concentration increase. Glutamine is synthesized in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle and plasma glutamine levels are lowered by sepsis, injury, bums, surgery and endurance exercise and in the overtrained athlete. The study of result show that production of ET-1 is markedly increased tissue specifically in the heart by exercise without appreciable changes in endothelin-converting enzyme and endothelial receptor expressions, suggest that myocardial ET-1 may participate in modulation of cardiac function during exercise. Conclusionally, this study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. This study is expected to contribute the area of sports science, medicine, hereafter more effort is required to establish the relation between gene alters and exercise amount.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.603-615
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• 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) provides plant-derived proteins, soy vegetable oils, and various beneficial metabolites to humans and livestock. The importance of soybean is highly underlined, especially when carbon-negative sustainable agriculture is noticeable. However, many diseases by pests and pathogens threaten sustainable soybean production. Therefore, understanding molecular interaction between diverse cultivated varieties and pathogens is essential to developing disease-resistant soybean plants. Here, we established a pathosystem of the Korean domestic cultivar Kwangan against Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. This bacterial strain caused apparent disease symptoms and grew well in trifoliate leaves of soybean plants. To examine the disease susceptibility of the cultivar, we analyzed transcriptional changes in soybean leaves on day 5 after P. syringae pv. syringae B728a infection. About 8,900 and 7,780 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in this study, and significant proportions of DEGs were engaged in various primary and secondary metabolisms. On the other hand, soybean orthologs to well-known plant immune-related genes, especially in plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction, were mainly reduced in transcript levels at 5 days post inoculation. These findings present the feature of the compatible interaction between cultivar Kwangan and P. syringae pv. syringae B728a, as a hemibiotroph, at the late infection phase. Collectively, we propose that P. syringae pv. syringae B728a successfully inhibits plant immune response in susceptible plants and deregulates host metabolic processes for their colonization and proliferation, whereas host plants employ diverse metabolites to protect themselves against infection with the hemibiotrophic pathogen at the late infection phase.