• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.915-919
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• 2015

This study was performed in order to provide basic data for predicting the usefulness of Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) as a food raw material. The changes in the physicochemical properties of freeze-dried and hot air-dried Jicama were investigated and analyzed. The moisture content of raw Jicama was 81.84%. The crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrate content of hot air-dried Jicama powder were 2.85, 0.79, 7.93 and 88.44%, while those of freeze-dried Jicama powder were 3.93, 0.83, 7.92 and 87.32%, respectively on dry basis. Regarding the color values, the lightness of freeze-dried Jicama (92.86) was higher than that of the hot air-dried Jicama (88.01), whereas the redness (-0.67) and yellowness (3.21) of freeze-dried Jicama were lower than those of the hot air-dried Jicama (0.43) and (11.96), respectively. The brown index was lower in the freeze-dried Jicama (0.029) than in hot air-dried Jicama (0.107). The total sugar content showed no significant differences between freeze (46.49 mg/g) and hot air-dried Jicama (45.11 mg/g). Finally, the amylose content was higher in freeze-dried Jicama (5.66%) than in hot air-dried Jicama (6.63%).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the degree and effect of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression on the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GM). Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2006, thirty consecutive GM patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (dose range: $44{\sim}65.1$ Gy, median dose: 61.2 Gy) were included in the study. Three patients were excluded that discontinued radiotherapy before receiving a dose of 40 Gy due to mental deterioration. The expression of the COX-2 protein in surgical specimens was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Survival analysis and verification were performed with respect to sex, age, performance status, resection extent, radiotherapy dose, and degree of COX-2 expression using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. Results: The median length of follow-up was 13.3 months (range:$6{\sim}83$ months). Staining for COX-2 was positive in all patient samples. Staining for COX-2 that was positive for over 75% of the tumor cells was found in 24 patients. Staining for COX-2 that was positive in less than 25% of tumor cells was found in 3 patients (10.0%), staining for COX-2 that was positive in 25 to 50% of tumor cells was found in 1 patient (3.3%), staining for COX-2 that was positive in 50 to 75% of tumor cells was found in 2 patients (6.7%) and staining for COX-2 that was positive in 75 to 100% of tumor cells was found in 24 patients (80.0%). The median survival and two-year survival rate were 13.5 months and 17.5%, respectively. The survival rate was influenced significantly by the degree of resection (tumor removal by 50% or more) and radiotherapy dose (59 Gy or greater) (p<0.05). The median survival of patients with staining for COX-2 that was positive in less than 75% of tumor cells and in at least 75% of tumor cells was 15.5 and 13.0 months, respectively (p>0.05), and the two-year survival for these groups was 33.3 and 13.3%, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: The absence of a statistical correlation between the degree of COX-2 expression and survival in GM patients, despite the high rate of COX-2 positive tumor cells in the GM patient samples, requires further studies with a larger series to ascertain the prognostic value of the degree of COX-2 expression in GM patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2006

A 1-year-old, female English cocker spaniel (ECS) dog was presented with 3-month history of vomiting and retaking of the vomitus, and chronic weight loss. The client had noticed mild abdominal distension 10 days before. The dog was diagnosed as chronic hepatitis with hepatic cirrhosis based on complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry profiles, radiography, ascites assessment, bile acid evaluation, and liver biopsy through exploratory laparotomy and necropsy. CBC and serum chemistry profiles revealed mild anemia, slightly elevated hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST), increased creatinine kinase (CK), hyperammonemia, and hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia. Ascites was transudate according to analysis of components. Bile acid assessment (fasting; $174.4{\mu}mol/L$ and postprandial; $198.4{\mu}mol/L$) showed strongly suspected hepatic insufficiency. On radiological findings, ascites was evident. Atrophied liver (especially left side lobes) and distended mesenteric vasculatures were observed by exploratory laparotomy. Histopathological examination of marginal lesion of left lateral lobe of liver by biopsy revealed the necrosis of hepatic cells, dilation of sinusoids, infiltration of neutrophils in sinusoids, and vacuolation of hepatic cytoplasm. The patient had been managed with careful low protein diet and specific supportive therapy (ursodeoxycholic acid, prednisolone, vitamine E, and interferon). Vomiting and ascites disappeared with medical management. The dog was monitored periodically by CBC, serum chemistry and radiographic examination. The dog survived more 18 months with medical therapy. After spontaneous death, necropsy and histopathologic examination were performed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1658-1665
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• 2009

This study was carried out on thirty men to define the association of inflammatory markers with physiological factors on one-time aerobic exercise (for 15 min. Post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulsatility and resistance index of middle cerebral artery (PI and RI, respectively) levels were elevated compared to those measured pre-exercise. Total leukocyte and platelet counts, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), free radical (FR), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels tended to decrease after exercise. Pre-exercise IL-6 levels were positively correlated with pre-exercise SBP levels, while post-exercise IL-6 level was positively correlated with post-exercise PI and RI levels. Post-exercise, hs-CRP levels were negatively related to SBP and HR. Pre-exercise, FR levels were positively associated to SBP, DBP, and HR. Post-exercise FR levels were negatively related to the post-exercise blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery. Pre-exercise erythrocyte indices (RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels) were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6 levels. Post-exercise FR levels were inversely related to post-exercise total leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, and MCH levels. Pre-exercise $Mg^{++}$ levels were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6, hs-CRP, or FR levels. These findings suggest that one-time aerobic exercise offers a significant relationship between inflammatory markers and some biochemical markers or electrolytes. Further studies need to be carried out for investigation of differences between genders or age groups following one-time or regular aerobic exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2016

This study is related to develop a snail extract through a snail secondary fermentation process, getting anti-aging activity with healthy and beauty skin care scientific applications. In order to obtain a primary fermentation was incubated with Hericium erinaceus mycelium. Through the secondary fermentation process using Leuconostoc mesenteroides, was deeply described a total process of obtaining second fermented extract using snail body. Mycelium is applied in this study was extracted using Hericium erinaceus mycelium and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The final yield of the extract was 62 wt%. Experimental results of secondary fermentation snail extract were contained with 32 wt% water, 31.5 wt% total amino acid protein, 15.7 wt% polysaccharide, 12.3 wt% fatty acid and others 8.5 wt%. In addition, in order to study about skin beauty care and anti-aging activity, we evaluated antioxidant activity with DPPH, elastin enzyme (elastase) inhibitory activity, tyrosinase inhibition rate, collagen synthetic function, fibroblast synthetic activity. First; anti-oxidative activity of secondary fermentation snail extract (IC50%) was spent with 7.27 mg/mL, control samples were spent with green tea extract was 11.8 mg/mL, common snails extract was 15.7 mg/mL, DL-a-tocopherol was 9.25 mg/mL respectively. Second; elastin enzyme inhibitory activity of secondary fermentation snail extract (IC50%) was spent with 32.5 mg/mL, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 45.9 mg/mL, general snail extract was 67.7 mg/mL. Third; tyrosinase inhibitory activity of secondary fermentation snail extract (IC50%) was spent with 140.3 mg/mL, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 250.7 mg/mL, general snails extract was 389.5 mg/mL, niacineamide was 125.9 mg/mL. Forth; fibroblast synthetic activity of secondary fermentation snail extract was increased with 125.6%, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 98.9%, general snails extract was 109.5%, niacineamide was 125.9 mg/mL, DL-a-tocopherol was 96.2%. Fifth; collagen synthetic activity of secondary fermentation snail extract was increased with 118%, control samples were also spent with green tea extract was 87.3%, general snails extract was 93.2%, adenosine was 127.9%. In conclusion, on the basis of this study, in the future it is expected to be applied to the skin beauty care application and development of Korean style cosmetic products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2001

To utilize canned oyster processing waste water effectively, this study was carried out to prepare instant powdered soup using the waste water (IPSW), Instant powdered souu from oyster hot-water extracts (IPSE) was prepared by mixing hot-water extracts powder (15 g) with table salt (5 g), cream powder (19 g), milk replacer (12 g), wheat flour (20 g), corn flour (15 g), starch (5 g), glucose (7.5 g) and onion powder (1.5 g). In preparing IPSW, mixed powder from wash water and boiling liquid waste, instead of powder from hot-water extracts and table salt, was added (powder from boiling liquid waste: powder from wash water= 12: 8) and other additives were added in proportion to those in the IPSE, The IPSW consists mainly of carbohydrates (about $72\%$). It was not different from the IPSE. The volatile basic nitrogen, viable cell counts, coliform group of the IPSW contains 33.4 mg/100g, $2.2\times10^4CFU/g$, <180 MPN/100g, respectively, and its water activity has 0.257. So it was a hygienically safe and conservable instant food. The main fatty acids of IPSW were 16: 0 and 18: 1n-9. Its chemical score of protein was $61.4\%$ and its main inorganic matter was iron. According to a sensual evaluation, in contrast to the IPSE, the IPSW had a bit lower aroma but better taste, It was concluded from the above chemical and sensory evaluation that even the boiling liquid waste which had been mostly abandoned because of its high table salt content can be used as a good material for instant powdered soup if it's powdered and mixed adequately with powder from wash water, and its table salt content is properly adjusted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1984

Recently, it has been reported that acute and chronic intoxication of Cd was concerned with environmental hygienic studies. In this study the effect of Ca and V-D was given directly into the diet with water containing the 20 ppm of Cd during so days. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Administration of Ca and V-D inhibited the reduction of body weight induced by Cd. The internal organ weights of rats receiving Cd solution without Ca and V-D were generally increased except lung. 2. The values of hematocrit were higher in rats receiving Cd solution supplemented Ca and V-D than those doing Cd solution without Ca and V-D, and the levels of cholesterol were in- creased in experimental rats compared with control group. Total protein concentration in serum of the both group intaking the Ca and Y-D, and without Ca and V-D was not significant. 3. The concentration of Cd and Mg in liver was increased in rats feeding only Cd solution than those doing Ca and V-D group, whereas the concentration of Cu, Zn and Ca was decreased. The concentration of Cd, Cu and Ca in kidney was decreased in only Cd solution group, whereas by supplementing Ca and vitamin D was increased the concentration of Cd, Cu and Zn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.689-695
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• 2011

Diabetic patients need nutritional education more than those suffering from other diseases because of the necessity of controlling blood glucose levels with dietary treatment. The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of nutrition education on diabetes control and antioxidant status, both of which are related to diabetic complications. Thirty (15 males and 15 females) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged $66.7{\pm}8.8$ years participated in a 4-week nutrition education program. Nutrient intakes, blood glucose level, antioxidant status, and DNA damage were evaluated before, immediately after, and three months after the education program. Changes in those parameters over time were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of covariance. Over time, HbA1c (p=0.000), plasma total cholesterol (p=0.002), plasma thiobarbituric acid related substances (TBARS; p=0.000), and leukocyte DNA damage (p=0.000) significantly decreased; plasma retinol (p=0.001), plasma tocopherol (p=0.000), erythrocyte catalase (CAT; p=0.000), and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx; p=0.000) significantly increased. In an evaluation of nutrient intakes by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI), energy (p=0.009), phosphorus (p=0.033), sodium (p=0.001), potassium (p=0.019), zinc (p=0.043), riboflavin (p=0.050), folic acid (p=0.048) and vitamin C (p=0.008) intakes had significant positive changes. In a correlation analysis of the biochemical and nutritional changes resulting from the education program, plasma TBARS were negatively correlated with potassium (r=-0.418, p<0.05), iron (r=-0.443, p<0.05), riboflavin (r=-0.432, p<0.05), and folic acid (r=-0.446, p<0.05) intakes, while plasma retinol was positively correlated with energy (r=0.543, p<0.01), protein (r=0.543, p<0.01), phosphorus (r=0.425, p<0.05), iron (r=0.485, p<0.05), zinc (r=0.570, p<0.01) and niacin (r=0.510, p<0.05) intakes. Erythrocyte CAT was positively correlated with folic acid intake (r=0.605, p<0.01). From these results, we suggest that an improvement in nutrition resulting from a diabetic education program for type 2 diabetes patients led to improvement in their antioxidant status, also possibly reducing complications resulting from diabetes.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2002

This study was carried out to develop a diabetic-oriented convenience flood using 7 medicinal plants (Schisandra chinensis, Coix lachryma-jobi, Dioscorea batatas, Ophipogon japonicus, Lyicium chinense, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum sibiricum) and chicken. Portion size was 310g, total calorie was 551.6 kcal and carbohydrate, lipid and protein were consisted of 53.0%, 20.9% and 26.1%, respectively. Calcium, zinc and iron content were 268.9mg, 5.4mg and 6.1mg, respectively. Crude fiber content was 22.9g. In sensory evaluation, the scores of taste, color, texture and overall acceptability were higher than normal diabetic meal. Hypoglycemic effect of the device meal for diabetic persons was excellent compared to that of normal diabetic meal. The above results indicate that the 7 medicinal plants can be used as functional ingredients fur diabetic-oriented convenience flood industry. Also, device meal can be used as ready-prepared food for weight control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.537-544
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• 2017

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Polyopes affinis ethanol extract (PAEE) was investigated using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and a croton oil-induced ICR mice model. Treatment with PAEE significantly reduced production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$] in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. PAEE treatment also reduced expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In the croton oil-induced ear edema test, application of PAEE (10~250 mg/kg body weight) reduced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner, and PAEE treatment at 50 mg/kg body weight showed similar inhibitory effects compared with prednisolone (10 mg/kg body weight). Histological analysis revealed reduced dermal thickness and lower number of infiltrated mast cells. These results suggest that PAEE might be used as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation and ear edema formation.