• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

We have established three immortal bovine muscular epithelial (BME) cell lines, one spontaneously immortalized (BMES), the second SV40LT-mediated (BMEV) and the third hTERT-mediated (BMET). The morphology of the three immortal cell lines was similar to that of early passage primary BME cells. Each of the immortal cell lines made cytokeratin, a typical epithelial marker. BMET grew faster than the other immortal lines and the BME cells, in 10% FBS-DMEM medium, whereas neither the primary cells nor the three immortal cell lines grew in 0.5% FBS-DMEM. The primary BME cells and the immortal cell lines, with the exception of BMES, made increasing amounts of p53 protein when treated with doxorubicin, a DNA damaging agent. On the other hand, almost half of the cells in populations of the three immortal cell lines may lack $p16^{INK4a}$ regulatory function, compared to primary BME cells that were growth arrested by enforced expression of $p16^{INK4a}$. In soft-agar assays, the primary cells and immortal cell lines proved to be less transformed in phenotype than HeLa cells. The three immortal epithelial-type cell lines reported here are the first cell lines established from muscle tissue of bovine or other species.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 2009

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute the first line of cellular defense against oxidative stress in plants. SODs generally occur in three different forms with Cu/Zn, Fe, or Mn as prosthetic metals. We cloned the full-length cDNA of the Thellungiella halophila Cu/Zn-SOD gene ThCSD using degenerate RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequence analysis indicated that the ThCSD gene (GenBank accession number EF405867) had an open reading frame of 456 bp. The deduced 152-amino acid polypeptide had a predicted molecular weight of 15.1 kDa, an estimated pI of 5.4, and a putative Cu/Zn-binding site. Recombinant ThCSD protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed for SOD enzymatic activity in a native polyacrylamide gel. The SOD activity of ThCSD was inactivated by potassium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide, confirming that ThCSD is a Cu/Zn-SOD. Northern blotting demonstrated that ThCSD is expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. ThCSD mRNA levels increased by about 30-fold when plants were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-acetic acid (IAA) and by about 50-fold when treated with UVB light. These results indicate that ThCSD is involved in physiological pathways activated by a variety of environmental conditions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2020

Saturated fatty acids contribute to β-cell dysfunction in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cellular responses to lipotoxicity include oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and blockage of autophagy. Palmitate induces ER Ca²⁺ depletion followed by notable store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Subsequent elevation of cytosolic Ca²⁺ can activate undesirable signaling pathways culminating in cell death. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter (MCU) is the major route for Ca²⁺ uptake into the matrix and couples metabolism with insulin secretion. However, it has been unclear whether mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake plays a protective role or contributes to lipotoxicity. Here, we observed palmitate upregulated MCU protein expression in a mouse clonal β-cell, MIN6, under normal glucose, but not high glucose medium. Palmitate elevated baseline cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) and reduced depolarization-triggered Ca²⁺ influx likely due to the inactivation of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels (VGCCs). Targeted reduction of MCU expression using RNA interference abolished mitochondrial superoxide production but exacerbated palmitate-induced [Ca²⁺]_i overload. Consequently, MCU knockdown aggravated blockage of autophagic degradation. In contrast, co-treatment with verapamil, a VGCC inhibitor, prevented palmitate-induced basal [Ca²⁺]_i elevation and defective [Ca²⁺]_i transients. Extracellular Ca²⁺ chelation as well as VGCC inhibitors effectively rescued autophagy defects and cytotoxicity. These observations suggest enhanced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake via MCU upregulation is a mechanism by which pancreatic β-cells are able to alleviate cytosolic Ca²⁺ overload and its detrimental consequences.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.375-378
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• 1991

Bangah (Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze), one of the wild plant grown in Korea and used for deodorizing some of the fish foods because it's strong and unique flavor, was determined for chemical composition in leaf, flower and stem. The highest protein content of 14.7% was found in leaf and lipids was in the range of $5.25{\sim}7.74%$. Total sugar content in leaf and flower were 27.53% and 14.86%, reducing sugar content were 11.80% and 2.75%, respectively. Fifteen fatty acids in bangah were identified and the major fatty acids were linolenic, palmitic, lauric and linoleic acids. Seventeen total amino acids were determined in leaf and flower. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine were high in each portion. The major free amino acids were histidine, serine, proline and glutamic acid. Most of minerals were high in leaf and flower than those in stem of bangah except for Ca and Fe. Especially K was higher in leaf and flower than stem by 4 times.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics, forage quality and dry matter (DM) yield of early-maturing hairy vetch 'Cold green', 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappello' and medium-late maturing cultivar 'Cheong pa', 'Challenger', 'Hungvillosa' and 'Latigo' at Seongju in the Kyeongbuk from 2009 to 2011. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Hairy vetchs were seeded on Sep. 26 and Oct. 11 in 2009 and 2010. Vetch plants were harvested on 30 Apr. in 2010 and 2011. Cold tolerance for Haymaker plus and Cappello were a little lower than other cultivars. Fifty percent-flowering dates of Cold green had earlier than others and Haymaker plus and Cappello were earlier than Cheong pa, Challenger, Hungvillosa and Latigo. Cheong pa and Challenger were ealirer than Hungvillosa and Latigo. The DM yield of Cold green was the highest (p<0.05) of the cultivar except Haymaker plus. Haymaker plus was higher (p<0.05) than others and Cappello, Cheong pa, Challenger were higher (p<0.05) than Hungvillosa and Latigo in 2010. In 2011, the DM yield of Cold green was the highest (p<0.05) of the cultivar and Haymaker plus was higher (p<0.05) than others. Cappello was higher (p<0.05) than Hungvillosa and Latigo. Cheong pa and Challenger were higher (p<0.05) than Latigo. Vetch cultivar was high in crude protein (CP) and low in Acid detergent fiber (ADF). According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that early-maturing cultivar would be recommendable for fall sown vetch for DM production.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2005

Carry over contamination has been reduced in some systems by flushing the internal and external surfaces of the sample probe with copious amount of diluent. It between specimens should be kept as small as possible. A built-in, continuous-flow wash reservoir, which allows the simultaneous washing of the interior and exterior of the syringe needles, addresses this issue. In addition, residual contamination can further be prevented through the use of efficient needle rinsing procedures. In discrete systems with disposable reaction vessels and measuring cuvets, any carry over is entirely caused by the pipetting system. In analyzers with reuseable cuvets or flow cells, carry over may arise at every point through which high samples pass sequentially. Therefore, disposable sample probe tips can eliminate both the contamination of one sample by another inside the probe and the carry over of in specimen into the specimen in the cup. The results of the applicative carry over experiment studied on 21 items for total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspratate aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotranferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatinine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), creatnine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), amylase (AMY), calcium (CA), inorganic phosphorus (IP), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (CL) tests in chematology were as follows. Evaluation of process performance less than 1% in all tests was very good, but a percentage of ALB, TP, TB, ALP, CRE, UA, TC, GLU, AMY, IP, K, Na, and CL was 0%, implying no carry over. Other tests were ALT(-0.08%), GGT(-0.09%), CK(0.08%), LD(0.06%), BUN(0.12%), TG (-0.06%), and CA(0.89%).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1999

In order to investigate the immune response induced by supplementation of herb medical stuff in diet on the nile tilapia. Oreochromis niloticus, experiments were performed with feeding of four different experimental diets supplemented with 2% ginseng. Panax ginseng, 3% Kugija. Lycium chinense, 3% Hasuo, Polygonum multiflorum, 2% Omija, Schizandra chinensis, respectively, for 84 days. The non-specific immune responses changed during the feeding period were investigated at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks in each group. Average body weight of the nile tilapia with supplemented diets was heavier than control group. The fish fed on diet supplemented with 3% Kugija showed the better growth than the other tested groups. Complement activity such as complete hemolytic activity ($CH_{50}$) and bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli tended to be increased by the supplementation of herb medical stuff. The lysozyme activity of serum and adherent phagocyte activity showed higher in the fish fec on diet supplemented with 3% kugija than the other tested groups. In respect to the RPS against experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection, all of the group fed on the herb medical stuff in diet appeared higher response compared with control group. From these results, herb medical stuff (Panax ginseng, Lycium chinense. Polygonum multiflorum, Schizandra chinensis) might be used a additives of diet for the increasing of non-specific immune response or resistance against bacterial fish diseases.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1995

The amino acid analysis of polyhedrin protein and nucleotide sequence of polyhedrin gene in H. cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HcNPV) genome have been studied. Polyhedrin had three polypeptide bands in SDS - polyactylamide gel electrophoresis. The major polypeptide had a molecular weight of 25 kd. The polyhedrin was composed of 17 different amino acids. HcNPV DNA was digested with EcoRI restriction enzyme and hybridized with ($\alpha^{32}P$) -labelled AcNPV polyhedrin gene cDNA. The polyhedrin gene was located on the fragment of EcoRI-H. The EcoRI - H fragment containing polyhedrin gene was cloned into the EcoRI site of pUC8 vector which was confirmed with southern blotting, and the recombinant plasmid containg polyhedrin gene was designated as hPE-H. The promoter region of polyhedrin genomic DNA was sequenced. The sequences identified as the TATA box was found at the 5' flanking region of the polyhedrin genomic DNA approximately -79 bp upstream from the transcriptional start site. But CAAT-like box was not shown near the TATA-like box in the polyhedrin gene. Four tandem repeats with the sequence 5' -CTAATAT-3' and 5'-TAAATAA-3' were found between -141 and -108 or -83 upstream and -52 bp downstream from the translation start site. About -141 bp region upstream from the translational start site was highly AT (78%) rich. The coding region for the polyhedrin starts and ends with ATG and TAA, respectively.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 1997

The experiments of rice bread processing were carried out to compare the varietal difference in processing adaptability to rice bread between brown and milled rice flour, and to analyze the interrelations among chemical properties of rice grain and some characteristics relevant to rice bread processing and quality There was varietal difference in adaptability to rice bread processing in both brown and milled rice, but there was not significant adaptability difference between brown and milled rice flours to rice bread processing. However, there was remarkable adaptability difference between brown and milled rice flours to rice bread processing in some rice varieties. Three high-amylose rices AC 27, IR 44, Suweonjo showed high quality of milled rice bread among tested rice materials. Brown rice revealed better adaptability to rice bread processing compared with milled rice in all varieties except the above three varieties. Especially, the glutinous rice Hangangchalbyeo failed to normal formation of rice bread from milled rice flour, but it showed the successful formation of rice bread from brown rice flour. The interrelations among chemical components of rice grain and some characteristics relevant to rice bread processing and quality exhibited quite different tendency between brown and milled rices. In the case of rice bread processing by brown rice flour, the larger volume expansion of dough during fermentation made the more springy rice bread and the more moist rice bread showed the more soft and cohesive physical property. In the case of rice bread processing by milled rice flour, the lower protein of rice flour was closely associated with the more moistness of rice bread and the higher lipid led to the more uniformal air pore distribution, the smaller pore size and the lower springiness of rice bread. Also, the larger volume expansion of dough during fermentation made the better loaf formation and the larger pore size of rice bread. The better loaf formation of rice bread revealed the softer hardness and the lower chewiness, and the lower springiness was closely correlated with the more uniformal size distribution of air pore and the smaller pore size in rice bread.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2012

The effects of the addition of wheat fiber on physico-chemical properties and sensory characteristics of pork loin cutlets were investigated to develop pork loin cutlets formulated with different concentrations of wheat fiber (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%). The moisture content, ash content, pH, and lightness of pork loin cutlets increased with increasing wheat fiber levels (p<0.05). However, the fat content, calorie, redness, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness decreased with increasing wheat fiber levels (p<0.05). The protein content, yellowness, and springiness of pork loin cutlets did not show significant difference (p>0.05). The sensory evaluation shows the greatest overall acceptability was ranked at the pork loin cutlets added with wheat fiber at 3%. Pork loin cutlets with added wheat fiber could be commercially acceptable meat products, and can be improved quality characteristics. The best results were obtained for pork loin cutlets with addition of 3% wheat fiber.