• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the asymmetry of hearing loss among the noise exposed male workers. Findings of otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry and tympanometry were evaluated for 179 male workers working in the noise exposed workplace. And also selfadministered structured questionnaires were used for each worker's work-related and general characteristics including personal health behaviors. There were significant differences of hearing threshold between right and left ears at 1,000 Hz and 3,000 Hz(p<0.05). And also significant differences of hearing threshold were noted in the age group over 50 at 3,000 Hz, the high risk drinking group either at 3,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz, the work duration group 10-19 years at 3,000 Hz, the noise exposure group under 90 dB(A) at 3,000 Hz, the noise exposure group over 90 dB(A) at 1,000 Hz, the non-wearing protective device group at 4,000 Hz, and the wearing protective device group at 3,000 Hz(p<0.05). Further study is needed to explore the extent and the related factors of the asymmetry of hearing loss in the general population and occupationally noise exposed group.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.2100-2101
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• 2008

This paper is studied on a protective control system for electrical fire and electrical faults due to over current or electric short circuit faults by using electrical thermal characteristics of PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistor and current response characteristics of high sensitive reed switch. The PTC thermistor has characteristic of positive resistivity temperature coefficient according to the temperature variation, which is construction of a regular square and cube demarcation with BaTiO3_Ceramics of positive temperature coefficient. Also PTC thermistor shows the phenomenon which is rapidly increased in the resistivity if the temperature is increased over Curie temperature point, and reed switch, which is used for electrical fault current sensing devices, have a excellent characteristic of response velocity in degree of ${\mu}s{\sim}ms$ that sensing magnetic flux in proportion to dimension of line current. This paper is proposed on a protective control system use PTC thermistor and reed switch for sensor which is protected from electrical fire due to overload faults or electric short circuit faults. Some experimental results of the proposed electric safety control device are confirmed to the validity of the analytical results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.699-704
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• 2005

In the station of the railway and the subway various illumination equipment and a general power equipment for a passenger convenience, the signal equipment and the communication equipment which is necessary to the train operation provided. At the all of like this equipment from the electric room which is established in each station by changing from high voltage to low voltage and it supplies from the illumination transformer, the power transformer and the signal transformer. If it supplies to the equipment from the high voltage to the low voltage, it must be established to contact protection device in between the high voltage coil and the low voltage coil. Also it must do the grounding faulting device at the low voltage lines, the earthing devices at apparatus for the protection of an electric shock and an electric fire by the electric relation law. Compared the related regulations between the facilities which require protective functions such as grounding fault or earthing in public utilities like subway stations, and the facilities which do not require line earthing or protective functions such as electricity supplied for signalling the train. Also, will describe a countermeasure for the accident from a grounding fault.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2012

Fixed speed wind turbine generators system that uses induction generator as a wind generator has the stability problem similar to a synchronous generator. On the other hand, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has the flexibility to control its real and reactive powers independently while being operated in variable speed mode. This paper focuses on a scheme where IG is stabilized by using DFIG during grid fault. In that case, DFIG will be heavily stressed and a remedy should be found out to protect the frequency converter as well as to allow the independent control of real and reactive powers without loosing the synchronism. For that purpose, a crowbar protection switch or DC-link protecting device can be considered. This paper presents a comparative study between two protective schemes, a crowbar circuit connected across the rotor of the DFIG and a protective device connected in the DC-link circuit of the frequency converter. Simulation analysis by using PSCAD/EMTDC shows that both schemes could effectively protect the DFIG, but the latter scheme is superior to the former, because of less circuitry involved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.91-98
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• 2014

For the purpose of designing and applying the optimum surge protection scheme, multi-stage coordinated surge protective device(SPD) system is suitable to successfully fulfill its tasks; first, to divert a large amount of the transient energy, second, to clamp the overvoltage to the level below the withstand impulse voltage of the equipment to be protected. The length of SPD connecting leads shall be as short as possible. Long connecting leads will degrade the protection effect of SPDs. In this paper, the influences of the length of connecting leads on the energy sharing in a coordinated SPD system were investigated experimentally, and the simulation of determining the energy sharing and protection voltage level of each SPD depending on the length of connecting leads was carried out by using P-spice program. It was confirmed that the protection voltage level and energy sharing in coordinated SPD systems are strongly influenced by the length of connecting leads.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

The DC protection and control device for the feeding system of a Light Rail Transit(LRT) system is developed. For the development, the short circuit characteristics in the system are analyzed. As a result a protection algorithm for the DC fault selective relay (50F) is newly proposed, and principles of the DC fault selective relay, Line Test Device (LTD), DC Over Current Relay (DC OCR) are introduced From the development, the specifications and codes used to be unclear have become clarified and summarized. Moreover, the methods to examine the protective characteristics and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) are established Finally, the performance and the effectiveness of the developed protective relay have been verified with the test based on IEC. For the reliability of the system, the relay has been installed and is being operated at the test track of the LRT system at Gyeong-San.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2023

This study presents the characteristics of short circuits (SCs) caused by excessive currents in high-voltage cables used in electric vehicles and emphasizes the need to calculate the cross-sectional areas of these cables according to the SC current. Three direct current power supplies were connected in parallel to test the SC characteristics caused by excessive currents, and a timer and a magnetic contactor were used to deliver the conduction time and SC current. A circular infrared-radiation heater was used to test the temperature-dependent SC characteristics, a thermocouple was used to measure the temperature, and a shunt resistor was used to measure the current. As the SC current increased, the fusing time of the cable decreased. Additionally, a high-voltage cable (with an area of 16 mm² ) used in electric vehicles fused when a current (approximately equal to 55 times the allowable current) flowed for 0.2 s (operating time of the protective device). When the SC current is 10 kA, the cable may fuse during the operating time of the protective device, thus creating a fire hazard. In electric vehicles, the size of the SC current increases in proportion to the capacity of the battery. Thus, the cross-sectional areas of the cables used should be calculated accordingly, and cable operations should be properly coordinated with the surrounding protective devices.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2023

This study aims to measure the skin rigidity of different facial areas among Koreans and propose guidelines for each area's skin rigidity that can be applied with a facial robot for testing respiratory protective devices. The facial skin rigidity of 40 participants, which included 20 men and 20 women, aged 20 to 50, was analyzed. The rigidity measurement was conducted in 13 facial areas, including six areas in contact with the mask and seven non-contact areas, by referring to the facial measurement guidelines of Size Korea. The facial rigidity was measured using the Durometer RX-1600-OO while in a supine position. The measurement procedure involved contacting the durometer vertically with the reference point, repeating the measurement of the same area five times, and using the average of three values whose variability was between 0.4 and 4.2 Shore OO. The rigidity data analysis used precision analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, and mixed-effect ANOVA. The analysis confirmed the rigidity of the 13 measurement areas, with the highest rigidity of the face being at the nose and forehead points, with values of 51.2 and 50.8, respectively, and the lowest rigidity being at the chin and center of the cheek points, with values of 19.2 and 20.7, respectively. Significant differences between gender groups were observed in four areas: the tip of the nose, the point below the chin, the area below the lower jaw, and the inner concha.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a sit-to-stand transfer assistive device, and to conduct a feasibility test. Design: A technical note. Methods and results: In this study, we developed a sit-to-stand transfer assistive device for the elderly and the disabled who have difficulty standing up independently from sitting positions. The sit-to-stand transfer assistive device allows the user to transfer the weight from a sitting position to a standing position while shifting the weight forward by grabbing and pulling a support stand. Ten healthy adults participated in the feasibility test of the device. Each participant used the developed sit-to-stand transfer assistive device and investigated supplementation through a brief interview. As a result of the feasibility test, the opinion was that the device could assist the sit-to-stand transfer to some extent. There were opinions that it needed a function to adjust the height of the knee protective plate in the sitting position according to the user's physical characteristics. Because of the inconvenience of operating the lock device for fixing the position and adjusting inclination, there was an opinion that the improvement for a locking device is needed. There were opinions that it would be better to reduce the size of the device due to its inconvenience of portability. Conclusion: In this study, we developed the sit-to-stand transfer assistive device for the elderly and the disabled who have difficulty standing up independently from sitting positions. In addition, it is considered that the upgrade of the device is necessary for the future since there are supplementary opinions on some points.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.427-436
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine guardian's attitudes toward behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry. In this study, 117 guardians participated and the several behavior guidance techniques being used during actual pediatric dental treatment were explained to the guardians prior to writing a questionnaire. The behavior guidance techniques explained were: tell-show-do, voice control, protective stabilization by device, protective stabilization by staff, nitrous oxide sedation, sedation, and general anesthesia. For analysis, 106 completed survey forms were selected. Tell-show-do was rated as the most acceptable technique, followed (in order of decreasing acceptance) by: voice control; protective stabilization by staff; nitrous oxide sedation; protective stabilization by device; sedation; general anesthesia. Acceptance of each behavior guidance technique was not related to guardian age, gender, patient age, patient gender, patient dental experience, type of visit, and position of doctor. Within the limit of this study, the communicative guidance techniques (tell-show-do, voice control) were more acceptable than advanced behavior guidance techniques (protective stabilization, sedation, general anesthesia). The acceptability of general anesthesia was the lowest. The results of this survey may contribute to maintain optimal dentist - guardians communication in pediatric dentistry.