• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2011

In this study, the antioxidative effect, antibacterial, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, inhibitory effects on elastase and component analysis of Phellinus linteus (P. linteus) extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. linteus extracts ($2.94\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed the highest free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of P. linteus extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction ($0.0072\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of P. linteus extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The P. linteus extracts showed cellular membrane protective effects in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of P. linteus extract was the highest at 50 % ethanol extract ($6.34\;{\mu}g/mL$), and the inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) on elastase of P. linteus was the highest at ethyl acetate fraction ($14.08\;{\mu}g/mL$). TLC, HPLC chromatogram and LC/ESI-MS of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from P. linteus extracts were identified interfungin A (PL RPT-1a). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. linteus can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Extract/fractions of P. linteus can be applicable to new cosmeceuticals for antioxidant, antiaging, antiwrinkle and whitening.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2012

In this study, the antioxidative effects of extracts from different parts of Juncus effusus L. were investigated. The three parts (above-ground part, below-ground part, medulla part) were selected. 50 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of J. effusus L. were used in experiments. The highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) was shown by medulla part (42.9 ${\mu}g/mL$) in 50 % ethanol extracts, below-ground part (12.1 ${\mu}g/mL$) in ethyl acetate fractions, and below-ground part (12.1 ${\mu}g/mL$) in aglycone fractions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay showed the most prominent effect of medulla part (0.29 ${\mu}g/mL$) in 50 % ethanol extracts, below-ground part (0.25 ${\mu}g/mL$) in ethyl acetate fractions, and medulla part (0.20 ${\mu}g/mL$) in aglycone fractions. The cellular protective effects of extract/fractions of J. effusus L. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner (0.5 ~ 10 ${\mu}g/mL$). Especially, aglycone fraction of medulla part at a concentration of 10 ${\mu}g/mL$ showed the most prominent protective effect among all extracts (${\tau}_{50}$, 321.0 min). These results indicate that extracts from below-ground part and medulla part of J. effusus L. extracts can be used as an natural antioxidant. Particularly, J. effusus L. can protect suggesting a high ${\tau}_{50}$ skin where many $^1O_2$ was generated by sunlight exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 2017

In the present study, 70% ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction were prepared from citron (Citrus junos)seed and their antioxidative ability was evaluated. The yields of extract and fractions were 5.1 and 0.9% per dried powder, respectively. In the 1,1-Phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical test, free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 70 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction were 512.1 and $514.0{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Evaluation of total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) using $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA system. Their $OSC_{50}$ of ethyl acetate fraction were $86.5{\mu}g/mL$. this antioxidant capacities higher than that of 70% ethanol extract. but lower than that of L-ascorbic acid ($1.72{\mu}g/mL$), known as a prominent water soluble antioxidant. The cellular protective effects on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of rabbit erythrocytes were evaluated and the results showed that the extract was lower than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol and low concentration of ethyl acetate fraction was similar to (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol. but not at high concentrations of ethtyl acetate fraction. it was able to induce cellular damage at high concentration.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.364-372
• /
• 2004

To investigate antioxidative effects of n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba on the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity of rats, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 20 g were divided into 5 groups; normal group(NOR), ethanol(10 mL/kg, 35$\%$) treated group(CON), n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba 70 mg/kg treated group(Al), n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba 70 mg/kg and ethanol treated group(A2) and n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba 140 mg/kg and ethanol treated group(A3), respectively. The antioxidative activities of ethanol extract of Angelica acutiloba in vitro were decreased in order of n-hexane > ethylacetate > chlorofonn > n-butanol (>) water fraction. The growth rate and feed efficiency rate decreased by ethanol were gradually increased to the adjacent level of the normal group by administering n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba. It was also observed that the activities of SOD of liver, ALT and AST of serum increased by ethanol were markedly decreased in n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba administered group, and not in activites of XO, catalase, as compared with the control group. The depleted content of GSH by ethanol was increased adjacent to normal level by administering n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba. as a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that n-hexane fraction of Angelica acutiloba has a possible protective effect on the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity of rats.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2015

N,N'-Diferuloyl-putrescine (DFP) present in plants such as Sophora japonica has been reported to have skin depigmentative and antioxidative activities. In this study, DFP, usually presents in nature a very little amount and its derivative (DFP-D) were synthesized in a large quantity for the use as functional cosmetical materials. The antioxidative activities of synthesized DFP and DFP-D were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, chemiluminescence assay, and cell protective effect induced by $^1O_2$, stress. DFP and DFP-D showed DPPH radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) at $61.25{\pm}2.25{\mu}M$ and $12.92{\pm}0.72{\mu}M$, respectively. ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in the $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system of DFP and DFP-D were 2 times ($1.84{\pm}0.12{\mu}M$) and 13 times ($0.174{\pm}0.01{\mu}M$), respectively higher than that of L-ascorbic acid. $^1O_2$, one of ROS playing a key role in the skin photo-aging, induces cellular membrane damages. DFP-D ($50{\mu}M$) showed good cell protective effects (${\tau}_{50}=80.2min$) about 2 times more than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=43.6min$). These results suggest that the great antioxidative activities of DFP and DFP-D could be applied to cosmetic industries as functional cosmetic materials.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.50 no.9
• /
• pp.912-918
• /
• 2007

Purpose : Breast milk contains several components that provide specific immunity and affect the maturation of the infant's immune system. Allergic disease (AD), including atopic eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy is characterized by an imbalance between cytokines produced by distinct T-helper cell subtypes. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of cytokines and chemokines that were involved in allergic reactions in breast milk from allergic and nonallergic mothers and then analyse the effect of breastfeeding duration on the prevalence of allergic disease in the age of two. Methods : The breast milk samples were collected from mothers with AD (n=88) and without AD (n=47). Breast milk was collected at the second day (colostrum) and four weeks later (mature milk).The level of Interlukine (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, $TGF-{\beta}1$, $TGF-{\beta}2$, RANTES in breast milk were determined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results : Mothers with AD had a higher concentration of IL-8 in colostrum compared with those without AD (P=0.021). But, $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$ were higher concentrated in colostrum of mother without AD (P=0.013, P=0.001). Whereas concentrations of other cytokines were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no association between levels of cytokines and chemokines in the breast milk and allergic development during the first 2 years of life in the infants. Conclusion : The higher concentration of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$ in colostrum from non-allergic mothers may explain the protective effect. But, the higher concentrations of IL-8 in colostrum from allergic mothers may in part explain the controversial results on the protective effect of breastfeeding against allergic diseases. We conclude that there is no convincing evidence form a relation between cytokines in breast milk and allergic diseases in infants. Longer follow-up are necessary to evaluate the effects of breast milk components on AD.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 2012

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory activities on tyrosinase of Lindera obtusiloba Blume (L. obtusiloba Blume) extracts were investigated. 50 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions of L. obtusiloba Blume were used in experiments. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities of ethyl acetate fraction of L. obtusiloba Blume was higher than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol, known as a typical antioxidant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities of extract and fractions of L. obtusiloba Blume on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were similar to L-ascorbic acid, well known as a strong antioxidant. The cellular protective effects of 50 % ethanol extract and ethyl acetate of L. obtusiloba Blume on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner ($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Ethyl acetate fraction in $10{\mu}g/mL$ concentration showed the most protective effect among extracts (${\tau}_{50}$ = 361.0 min). The inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions were higher than arbutin, known as a whitening agent. These results indicate that L. obtusiloba Blume extracts can be used as antioxidant, and could be applicable to functional cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase and components of Castanea crenata leaf were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract / fractions of Castanea crenata left was in the order: 50% ethanol extract ($13.6{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction (6.2) < aglycone fraction (2.1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$ of extract / fractions from Castanea crenata leaf extract / fractions on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was in the order: aglycone fraction (0.8) < 50% ethanol extract (0.5) < ethyl acetate fraction (0.3). The scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ for ${O_2}^{{\cdot}\;-}$ (superoxide anion radical) generated by NBT method was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction (145.5) < aglycone fraction (65.5). The protective effects on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most prominent cellular protective effect (${\tau}_{50}$, $191.9{\pm}12.2\;min$ at $10{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($9.1{\mu}g/mL$) on elastase was higher than oleanolic and ($13.7{\mu}g/mL$). And the inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($21.6{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase was higher than arbutin ($226.2{\mu}g/mL$). But 50% ethanol extract rarely exhibited the inhibitory activity on tryosinase and elastase. Flavonoids were contained in Castanea crenata left (96.3 mg / 100 g dried Castanea crenata leaf). And flavonoids contained in ethyl acetate fraction were kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and so on. Quercitrin is the most abundant component. These results indicate that extract / fractions of Castanea crenata can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging free radical and ROS, Castanea crenata leaf extract/ fractions could be used as new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2008

In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidative, anti-wrinkle and whitening effects of Platycarya strobilacea bark extracts. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract / fractions of Platycarya strobilacea was in the order: 50% ethanol extract ($6.75{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($6.62{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction ($4.15{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Platycarya strobilacea extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was ethyl acetate fraction (OSC50, $0.56{\mu}g/mL$) < 50% ethanol extract ($0.02{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($0.01{\mu}g/mL$). The deglycosylated aglycone fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract / fractions of Platycarya strobilacea on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract (50%) suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most prominent cellular protective effect (${\tau}_{50}$, 717.27 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of Platycarya strobilacea extracts on tyrosinase were investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Finally, their anti-elastase activities were measured to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy in the human skin. The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of some Platycarya strobilacea extracts was 50% ethanol extract ($243.98{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction ($153.87{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($137.53{\mu}g/mL$). Also, The inhibitory effect of elastase ($IC_{50}$) of some Platycarya strobilacea extracts was 50% ethanol extract ($31.01{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction ($14.42{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($1.48{\mu}g/mL$). The cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of Platycarya strobilacea extracts was formulated. The skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, and the whitening effects were investigated after topical application of the cream. The skin hydration of cream containing extract was increased by $2{\sim}8%$ than the placebo cream, transepidermal water loss was decreased. The cream containing extract suppressed the melanogenesis of skin by 9.55% than the placebo cream. These results indicate that extract / fractions of Platycarya strobilacea can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by anti-oxidative activity and protect cellular membranes against ROS. The inhibitory effect on elastase and tyrosinase, and the increase of skin hydration and the whitening effect of the cream containing extract could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antiaging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.391-402
• /
• 2014

In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis for the extracts of Rumex acetosa L. were investigated. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from dried R. acetosa L.. Free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) size of, in the order of aglycone fraction > ethyl acetate fraction > 50% ethanol extract, aglycone fraction ($45.10{\mu}g/mL$) showed the highest radical scavenging activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (total antioxidant capacity, $OSC_{50}$) on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system was also, in the order of ethyl acetate fraction> aglycone fraction> 50% ethyl acetate fraction, ethyl acetate fraction ($2.68{\mu}g/mL$) was shown a great antioxidant capacity. The total antioxidant capacity of the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be greater than L-ascorbic acid, known as a typical hydrophilic antioxidant ($6.88 {\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of R. acetosa L. extracts on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at all concentration-dependent ($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, aglycone fraction (${\tau}_{50}$, 104.80 min) in $25{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effect among extracts. Components of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from R. acetosa L. extracts were analyzed by TLC, HPLC chromatogram, LC/ESI-MS/MS. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction contained several flavonoids, such as orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin. These results indicate that the R. acetosa L. extracts can be used as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS. Thus, the extracts of R. acetosa L. could be applicable to new anti-aging cosmeceutical ingredients.