• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.803-807
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• 2016

Toxascaris leonina is a common parasitic nematode of wild mammals and has significant impacts on the protection of rare wild animals. To analyze population genetic characteristics of T. leonina from South China tiger, its mitochondrial (mt) genome was sequenced. Its complete circular mt genome was 14,277 bp in length, including 12 proteincoding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions. The nucleotide composition was biased toward A and T. The most common start codon and stop codon were TTG and TAG, and 4 genes ended with an incomplete stop codon. There were 13 intergenic regions ranging 1 to 10 bp in size. Phylogenetically, T. leonina from a South China tiger was close to canine T. leonina. This study reports for the first time a complete mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the South China tiger, and provides a scientific basis for studying the genetic diversity of nematodes between different hosts.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2019

Soluble epoxide hydrolases (sEH) are enzymes present in all living organisms, metabolize epoxy fatty acids to 1,2-diols. sEH in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids plays a key role in inflammation. In addition, the endogenous lipid mediators in cardiovascular disease are also broken down to diols by the action of sEH that enhanced cardiovascular protection. In this study, sEH inhibitory guided fractionation led to the isolation of five phenolic compounds trans-resveratrol (1), trans-piceatannol (2), sulfuretin (3), (+)-balanophonin (4), and cassigarol E (5) from the ethanol extract of the seeds of Passiflora edulis Sims cultivated in Vietnam. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by the interpretation of NMR spectral data, mass spectra, and comparison with data from the literature. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitory activity of isolated compounds was evaluated. Among them, trans-piceatannol (2) showed the most potent inhibitory activity on sEH with an IC₅₀ value of 3.4 μM. This study marks the first time that sulfuretin (3) was isolated from Passiflora edulis as well as (+)-balanophonin (4), and cassigarol E (5) were isolated from Passiflora genus.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2008

Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer on June, 2008 occurred on Rubus crataegifolius Bunge in the box at Jinju City Wholesale Market of Agricultural Products at Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected fruits were rapidly water-soaked, softened, black and eventually rotted. The symptoms occurred after infecting wounds at harvest time. The colony were white to light brown, formed much sporangiospores. The optimum temperature of the fungus on potato dextrose agar was $30^{\circ}C$. Sporangiophores were $12{\sim}25{\mu}m$ in width. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric, white at first and gradually to black, and $82{\sim}195{\mu}m$ in size. Columella were hemispheric, and $70{\sim}92{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownishblack and $9{\sim}21{\times}7{\sim}8{\mu}m$ in size. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity of the fungus, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot by R. stolonifer on R. crataegifolius in Korea.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.21-31
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• 2011

This study aimed at evaluating and developing 119 emergency medical technicians' prehospital care for non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Total 322 EMT in Chungnam province and Daejeon city filled out the self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 for descriptive statistics. Among the 322 EMT, 309 (97%) and 169(53%) always or almost performed CPR and AED for nontraumatic cardiac arrest patient, respectively. Among the advanced EMT and nurse, IV were sometimes or not performed at 94.7% and medication including epinephrine which commonly used for survival of cardiac arrest were treated just at 9.3 % (14 person). The reason they did not perform each procedure for airway management, AED or IV was lack of manpower, limit of time or joggle of ambulance and legal restrictions. In conclusion, to increase survival rate of non-traumatic cardiac arrest in out-of-hospital, it is necessary to increase manpower, legal protection of EMS, establishment of standard operating procedure, practice for improvement technique and use of medication for ACLS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.32-44
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• 2010

A two-dimensional thermal response and ablation analysis code for predicting charring material ablation and shape change on solid rocket nozzle is presented. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques have been used to characterize the thermal decomposition constants for Arrhenius parameters. Two heterogeneous reactions involving carbon and the oxidizing species of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ are considered and determined by Zvyagin's ablation model and kinetic constants. The moving boundary problem and mesh moving are solved by remeshing-rezoning method in MSC-Marc-ATAS program. The difference between the calculated and experimental value of char and ablation thickness is up to 20%. For the performance prediction of thermal protection systems, this method will be integrated with a three-dimensional finite-element thermal and structure analysis code through the real time sensing of in-depth temperature and heat flux.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.282-294
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• 2001

n accordance with the National Health Promotion Act of 1995, newly designed National Health and Nutrition Survey was carried out in winter of 1998. Although this survey amended most of the problems noted in previous Nutrition Surveys, it still had a limitation in reflecting seasonal variation in food intake due to the survey period which was confined to November and December. In order to counterbalance this limitation and estimate the yearly food intake of Korean population, three seasonal nutrition surveys were taken place in spring, summer, and fall of 1999. Seasonal Nutritional survey targeted 15 households each in 60 nationwide primary sampling units(PSUS) which were part of 200 PSUS of 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Therefore, total of 2,700 households were surveyed in 3 seasons. The interviewers visited each household members and carried out face to face interview on household. Daily food intake was monitored using 24 hour recall method. According to the survey results, fruits, beverage and alcohol intake showed large variation with season while processed foods showed almost no variation. And intake of vegetables and fruits were influenced by their own harvesting time and had impact on the list of foods consumed most. With the result of the 1998 NHNS, this study made it possible to estimate the yearly average food intake of Korean population. The result of this survey is expected to be used in planning food supply and setting tolerance level of contaminants of each foods at the government level.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2015

Understanding the various unspecified hacking and repeated cyber DDoS attacks, finally was able to find a solution in the methods of attacks. Freely researching approach that combines the attacker and defender, offensive and defensive techniques can be called a challenge to discover the potential in whimsy. In this paper we test and evaluate "KWON-GA", global white hackers team has made by many years of experiences in infiltration and diagnosis under guise of offence is the best defence. And it is knowledge information ICT Convergence security solution which is developed for the purpose of defence, it provide customization policy that can be fit to customer's system environment with needed techniques and it is processed with unique proprietary technology so that it's not possible to scan. And even if it has leaked internally it's impossible to analyze so hackers can't analyze vulnerability, also it can't be abused as hacking tools.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

There occur various crimes in cyber space hiding behind anonymity to avoid punishment by criminal law. One of the most serious crimes committed in cyber space is defamation against others under the cloak of freedom of expression. The infringements by defamations in cyber space are made all of a certain and widespread that the victims have no time to react, and for that reason, the shocks by the defamation are much serious and severe compared with that committed in off line. However, press and publication shouldn't infringe on other's honors, right, public order or social ethics in liberal democrat society which values much the human dignities and values as stipulated in Article 21 section 4 of the Constitution. Protection of personal honor is also the basic rights guaranteed by the Constitution as much as the freedom of expression, and by extension, such harmful behaviour shouldn't be included in the freedom of expression area. In this way, slander can be considered as the minimum limitation of the freedom of expression.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.129-133
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• 2004

The major advantage of the in vitro test is that it is a rapid, objective and cost-effective screening methodology. In vitro tests can provide a formulation tool to identify new fillers that are optimized by combinations of old ones and they can be used to pre-screen protective formulas prior to in vivo testing in humans. Therefore, the accuracy of in vitro SPF measurement is very important. In this study, improvement of application method of samples was tried to improve the accuracy of in vitro SPF measurement. The outer part of Transpore$\^$(R)/ tape was used to apply samples as the substrates and the standard drying time was set at 15 min. The new method, topical applications at light scan areas, results in more accurate and reliable results. This result suggests that more accurate prediction system can be established for in vivo SPF with in vivo SPF measurement.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 2004

This paper presents a hybrid digital watermarking scheme for color images, We insert two watermarks in the DWT domain using spread-spectrum correlation-based watermarking in luminance component of the color image and in spatial domain using pixel-value substitution of blue channel of color image. The objectives of this paper are to have the watermark robust to common signal processing and to detect any changes on the watermarked image for tamper detection at the same time. This watermark scheme will have the robustness characteristic as typical in frequency domain watermark, and also ability to detect any changes on the image (tamper detection).