• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.601-614
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• 2018

Chitosan with a natural antimicrobial property has been introduced to protect horticultural crops from diseases as an environmentally friendly method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the pre-harvest application of chitosan on growth and quality during the late stage of fruit development and on the simulated marketing of the peach fruit (Prunus persica L.). The application of chitosan with calcium chloride ($100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) three times at one week intervals 4 weeks before the harvest significantly increased the fruit weight, changed the fruit shape, and reduced the fruit length/diameter ratio giving the peach fruits a round oblate shape. The calcium treatment contributed to enhancing or maintaining the storage potential by increasing the flesh firmness. However, at higher concentrations of $CaCl_2$, i.e., > $600mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, the positive effects of the chitosan application were offset, and fruit growth was not affected by calcium alone. The application of the chitosan/calcium mixture delayed fruit softening; however, this effect was shortened when the storage temperature was $20^{\circ}C$ rather than $15^{\circ}C$. The internal quality of the fruit was profoundly affected by the concentration of calcium added to the chitosan, and delayed fruit maturation was observed at a higher concentration of calcium. The pre-harvest application of chitosan with calcium contributes to the enhancement of food safety by inhibiting the occurrence of diseases during postharvest handling. Considering the above results, chitosan has the potential to improve both the yield of peach fruits and their storability. Because chitosan can enhance the freshness and shelf-life of fresh produce, it is necessary to examine its effects on other horticultural crops.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2023

2020년 초 시작 된 COVID-19 펜데믹은 유래 없는 전지구적 성찰과 변화의 계기가 되었다. 그리고 정치와 경제, 문화 및 산업 등 사회 모든 영역에서 새로운 패러다임을 촉진하는 계기가 되었다. 이러한 격변 가운데 4년 만에 개최 된 2022 IAA 전시회는, 스마트 물류와 모빌리티 서비스의 새로운 개념까지 제안하는 전시회로 개최되었고. 그 중 본 연구의 초점인 라스트 마일 딜리버리를 위한 모빌리티 관련 전시에도 다양한 개념들이 제안되었다. 본 연구의 결과, IAA 2022 전시회에 나타난 라스트 마일 딜리버리 모빌리티의 주요 동향은, 사회적 인터페이스로서의 기능을 갖는 물적 제품의 속성이 제품과 서비스가 시스템적으로 연동 된 PSS(Product-Service System) 생태계로 확장되고 있었으며, 그에 따라 사회적 서비스의 디자인 기획 및 그에 부합하는 제품 개발이 유기적으로 연동될 수 있는 방법적 접근이 모색되어야 할 필요성이 도출되었다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2023

Biological corrosion, a crucial aspect of metal degradation, has received limited attention despite its significance. It involves the deterioration of metals due to corrosion processes influenced by living organisms, including bacteria. Soil represents a substantial threat to pipeline corrosion as it contains chemical and microbial factors that cause severe damage to water, oil, and gas transmission projects. To combat fouling and corrosion, corrosion inhibitors are commonly used; however, their production often involves expensive and hazardous chemicals. Consequently, researchers are exploring natural and eco-friendly alternatives, specifically nano-sized products, as potent corrosion inhibitors. This study aims to environmentally synthesize silver nanoparticles using an extract from Lagoecia cuminoides L and evaluate their effectiveness in preventing biological corrosion of buried pipes in soil. The optimal experimental conditions were determined as follows: a volume of 4 ml for the extract, a volume of 4 ml for silver nitrate (AgNO3), pH 9, a duration of 60 minutes, and a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. Analysis using transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 28 nm, while X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited suitable peak intensities. By employing the Scherer equation, the average particle size was estimated to be around 30 nm. Furthermore, antibacterial studies revealed the potent antibacterial activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. This property effectively mitigates the biological corrosion caused by bacteria in steel pipes buried in soil.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

지역간 철도통행은 열차종별로, 요일별로 또는 거리구간대별로 다양한 특성을 가지고 있으며, 각 구간별로 제공되는 교통 서비스나 경쟁요인에 따라 이용수요에 차이를 보이게 된다 따라서 지역간 철도내부의 서비스 및 경쟁요인의 변화는 결과적으로 차종별 분담률에 영향을 주는 요인이 된다 본 연구에서는 지역간 철도통행에서 역간 수요의 차종별 분담률에 영향을 주는 요인으로서 열차운영계획과 밀접한 관련이 있는 빈도, 차내 시간 그리고 운임변수를 고려하여 다항로짓모형을 추정하고, 모형을 이용한 예측치와 실제 통행량을 비교함으로써 모형의 적정성을 검토해 보았다. 지역간 철도에서 역간 수요의 차종별 분담률은 빈도와 차내 시간이 차종선택에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며 열차운영계획의 매우 중요한 고려대상임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 일반적으로 철도수요가 요일별 특성이 뚜렷하지만 역간 수요의 차종별 분담률은 요일별 특성을 보이지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 효율적인 열차운영계획의 수립과 철도서비스 구축을 위한 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 다양한 전략적 정책적 해석이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.359-372
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• 2008

방재분야에서 가장 발달된 장비와 과학기술을 이용하여 많은 연구개발이 이루어져서 재산 피해를 줄이고 인명을 구하고 있다. 비록 정부가 방재 분야를 확대하려고 노력해 왔지만, 그 투자 규모와 연구 결과는 국내의 타 과학기술 분야나 선진국의 방재분야에 비해 낮은 수준에 머물러 있다. 그렇지만 재난을 방지하는 국가부처인 소방방재청이 2004년 6월에 설치되어, 여러 가지 재난에 효과적이고 정비된 체계를 갖추게 되었다. 이 연구에서는 정부의 투자비용을 산정하고 방재분야와 관련된 영역을 명확히 규명하였다. 또한 방재에 관한 연구개발에 대하여 정부의 각 부처간에 임무를 분석하여 역할 분담에 대해 논의하였다. 이러한 역할 분담은 정부의 승인 절차를 통하여 공고히 하게 되었다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.35-77
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• 2023

This study aims to solve the entangled loop between demographic transition (DT) and economic growth by analyzing cross-country data. We undertake a national-level group analysis to verify the compressed transition of demographic variables over time. Assuming that the LA (latecomer advantage) on DT over time exists, we verify that the DT of the latecomer is compressed by providing a formal proof of LA on DT over income. As a DT has the double-kinked functions of income, we check them in multiple aspects: early maturation, leftward threshold, and steeper descent under a contour map and econometric methods. We find that the developing countries (the latecomer) have speedy DT (CDT, compressed DT) as well as speedy income such that DT of the latecomers starts at lower levels of income, lasts for a shorter period, and finishes at the earlier stage of economic development compared to that of developed countries (the early mover). To check the balance of DT, we classify countries into four groups of DT---balanced, slow, unilateral, and rapid transition countries. We identify that the main causes of rapid transition are due to the strong family planning programs of the government. Finally, we check the effect of latecomer's CDT on economic growth inversely: we undertake the simulation of the CDT effect on economic growth and the aging process for the latecomer. A worrying result is that the CDT of the latecomer shows a sharp upturn of the working-age population, followed by a sharp downturn in a short period. Compared to early-mover countries, the latecomer countries cannot buy more time to accommodate the workable population for the period of demographic bonus and prepare their aging societies for demographic onus. Thus, we conclude that CDT is not necessarily advantageous to developing countries. These outcomes of the latecomer's CDT can be re-interpreted as follows. Developing countries need power sources to pump up economic development, such as the following production factors: labor, physical and financial capital, and economic systems. As for labor, the properties of early maturation and leftward thresholds on DTs of the latecomer mean that demographic movement occurs at an unusually early stage of economic development; this is similar to a plane that leaks fuel before or just before take-off, with the result that it no longer flies higher or farther. What is worse, the property of steeper descent represents the falling speed of a plane so that it cannot be sustained at higher levels, and then plummets to all-time lows.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2018

생태면적률은 친환경적 공간 개발을 위한 정량적 사전 계획지표이자 건축물과 외부공간의 균형 있는 개발을 유도하는 통합적 지표이다. 그러나 제도 적용상 면적 산정의 오류, 하부 지반과 토심 확보 기준의 미달, 시공 후 실제 생태면적의 감소, 사전 계획지표로서의 기능 저하 등의 문제점들이 지적되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 LIM 활용을 제안하였다. 생태면적률의 가중치는 주로 하부 지반과 토심, 피복 유형에 의해 결정되므로 지형과 포장재를 중심으로 연구를 진행하였다. 모델은 정부기관 및 관련 전문단체에서 제시한 BIM 기준과 가이드라인, 지침서를 참고하여 여기에 부합되도록 모델의 작성 범위와 상세 수준을 의미하는 LOD(Level Of Detail)를 설정하고, BIM 저작도구를 선정하여 조경정보모델을 구축하는 방법을 제시하였다. 사례 대상지로는 경사지에 위치한 공동주택단지를 선정하여 3차원적 지형을 모델링하고, 생태면적률과 관련된 속성정보를 포함한 포장재 라이브러리를 제작하였으며, 이들을 토대로 부지의 조경 정보모델을 완성하였다. 그리고 구축된 모델을 활용하여 생태면적률을 산정하고, 계획도와 산정표, 포장 상세도 등 관련 도면을 출력하였다. LIM을 활용함으로써 생태면적률의 기준 적용과 면적 산정이 정확해지고 설계업무의 효율성을 도모할 수 있었으며, 지형과 지하구조물의 관계 등 입체적 형태에 대한 객관적 검토가 가능해짐을 알 수 있었다. LIM 도입을 위해 라이브러리 매뉴얼 또는 템플릿을 작성, 배포하거나 KBIMS 기준에 부합하는 라이브러리 구축에 힘써야 하며, 인증제도에서 BIM 모델을 제출하도록 하는 제도적 전환이 필요하다. 앞으로 생태면적률에 식재 유형별 기준이 도입되어 확대 적용될 것으로 예상되므로 식재 정보 모델 구축과 활용에 대한 후속 연구가 요구된다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.351-370
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• 1997

This study concerns possible measures to prevent separatists' terrorist acts against overseas Korean businessmen. Of late, many Korean enterprises are helping a number of foreign countries develop their economy, by building factories and manning regional offices in those countries. But recent development of terrorism especially against Korean businessmen is alarming. This report discusses the need for Korean enterprises heading overseas to prepare themselves with awareness of terrorism and possible protective measures against it, besides their routine pursuance of profits; and for the government and prospective enterprises to refrain from investing in those countries having active separatist movements. If an investment has become inevitable, a careful survey of the region in conflict should be conducted and self-protective measures should be put in place through security information exchange, emergency coordination and training of personnel, etc. This study will first review the past terrorist incidents involving employees of overseas Korean enterprises, and then will focuss on seeking effective measures on the basis of the reported incidents. In carrying out the study, related literature from both home and abroad have been used along with the preliminary materials reported and known on the Internet from recent incidents. 1. The separatist movements of minority groups Lately, minority separatist groups are increasingly resorting to terrorism to draw international attention with the political aim of gaining extended self rule or independence. 2. The state of terrorism against overseas Korean enterprises and Koreans Korean enterprises are now operating businesses, and having their own personnel stationed, in 85 countries including those in South East Asia and Middle East regions. In Sri Lanka, where a Korean enterprise recently became a target of terrorist bombing, there are 75 business firms from Korea and some 700 Korean employees are stationed as of August 1996. A total of 19 different terrorist incidents have taken place against Koreans abroad since 1990. 3. Terrorism preventive measures Terrorism preventive measures are discussed in two ways: measures by the government and by the enterprises. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by the government - Possible measures at governmental level can include collection and dissemination of terrorist activity information. Emphasis should be given to the information on North Korean activities in particular. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by individual enterprises - Organizational security plan must be established by individual enterprises and there should also be an increase of security budget. A reason for reluctant effort toward positive security plan is the perception that the security budget is not immediately linked to an increment of profit gain. Ensuring safety for overseas personnel is a fundamental obligation of an enterprise. Consultation and information exchange on security plan, and an emergency support system at a threat to security must be sought after and implemented. 4. Conclusion Today's terrorism varies widely depending on reasons and causes, and its means has become increasingly informationalized and scientific as well while its method is becoming more clandestine and violent. Terrorist organizations are increasingly aiming at enterprises for acquisition of budgets needed for their activities. Korean enterprises have extended their business realm to foreign countries since 1970, exposing themselves to terrorism. Enterprises and their employees, therefore, should establish their own security measures on the one hand while the government must provide general measures, on the other, for the protection of the life and property of Korean residents abroad from terrorist attacks. In this regard, set-up of a counter terrorist organization that coordinates the efforts of government authorities in various levels in planning and executing counter terrorist measures is desired. Since 1965, when the hostile North Korea began to step up its terrorist activities against South Koreans, there have been 7 different occasions of assassination attempt on South Korean presidents and some 500 cases of various kidnappings and attempted kidnappings. North Korea, nervous over the continued economic growth and social stabilization of South Korea, is now concentrating its efforts in the destruction and deterioration of the national power of South Korea for its earlier realization of reunification by force. The possibility of North Korean terrorism can be divided into external terrorist acts and internal terrorist acts depending on the nationality of the terrorists it uses. The external terrorist acts include those committed directly by North Korean agents in South Korea and abroad and those committed by dissident Koreans, hired Korean residents, or international professionals or independent international terrorists bought or instigated by North Korea. To protect the life and property of Korean enterprises and their employees abroad from the threat of terrorism, the government's administrative support and the organizational efforts of enterprises should necessarily be directed toward the planning of proper security measures and training of employees. Also, proper actions should be taken against possible terrorist acts toward Korean business employees abroad as long as there are ongoing hostilities from minority groups against their governments.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.479-485
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• 2004

세계적으로 컨테이너 물동량의 증가, 선박의 대형화 및 고속화, 터미널 운영비의 증가 및 기술환경의 변화로 인해 자동화 컨테이너터미널(Aotomated Container Terminal： ACT)에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있고, 기존의 외국 ACT는 자동화 영역을 확장해 가고 있으며 세부 기술연구에 박차를 가하고 있는 실정이다. 국내에서도 세계적 추세를 인지하고, ACT의 필요성을 절감하여 1998년 10월 해양수산부에서 "ACT 개발 추진계획"을 수립하면서 ACT 개발에 관한 연구에 지원하고, ACT 건설을 추진하기로 하였다. 이후 1999년 12월에 해양수산부와 과학기술부는 "첨단항만 핵심기술 개발사업"을 "국가중점연구개발사업"으로 선정하였고, 현재 정부 지원아래 추진 및 연구 중에 있다. 이러한 자동화 컨테이너터미널 계획 및 개발에 관한 프로젝트가 추진되면서 터미널 운영, 자동화 장비, 정보시스템 구축에 관한 기술발전이 이루어지고 있다. 컨테이너터미널의 자동화는 장비뿐만 아니라 정보시스템과의 원활한 연계를 통해 이루어질 수 있다. 그래서 자동화의 수준은 운영시스템의 개발시기, 신뢰성, 투자비용, 취급물동량, 기술수준 등 제반요소에 따라 달라진다. 본 연구는 해외 선지 ACT의 유형 및 유형별 특성을 파악하고, 각 유형별 특성을 분석함으로써 향후 ACT 개발 시 핵심적으로 고려해야 할 사항들을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

The monitoring of soil fertility changes in orchard is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 140 orchard (23 sites for sandy loam, 88 sites for loam, 28 sites for silt loam, and 1 site for loamy fine sand) in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2002 to 2014. Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate ($P_2O_5$), lime requirement (LR), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium were analyzed. The amount of OM, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg were significantly increased as cultivation year increases. The frequency distribution within optimum range of subsoil chemical properties in 2014 was 34.3% for pH, 35.0% for OM, 17.1% for available $P_2O_5$, 22.9% for exchangeable K, 15.7% for exchangeable Ca, and 22.1% for exchangeable Mg. In addition, the available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 69.3% and 48.6%, respectively. The soil chemical properties in the topsoil and subsoil showed that soil pH was significantly higher in sandy loam soil than those from the loam and silt loam soils. The OM, exchangeable K, Mg, and LR of loam soil were higher than those from the sandy loam soil. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties as affected by soil texture can improve the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in orchard field.