• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2D
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• pp.181-190
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to propose an effective approach of making route decisions for the large-scale national project (i.e. the KTX Gyeongbu line between Daegu and Busan) by analyzing the conflicts that had occurred in the process of selecting the routes and stations. This study investigated policy making processes and conflicts during the construction of the KTX Gyeongbu line. The five contentious issues were 1) selecting the route between Daegu~Busan line, 2) developing a new route through Gyeongju areas, 3) making decisions of the first and second phases of construction, 4) setting up an extra station in Ulsan, and 5) conflicts of the Mt. Cheonseong route in Yangsan. In terms of analyzing these issues, the current study focuses on dealing with notions of technical, economical, legal, social, and practical rationality. Based on such analyses and implications, this study proposes a relatively reasonable model of line decision making especially for long-distance intercity routes. It also turns out that the large-scale project like the development of KTX Gyeongbu line should be conducted after receiving enough quantitative evaluation by reviewing relevant technical research studies and economic analyses, and having social agreements to prevent plausible conflicts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.283-311
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• 2024

This study examined the factors affecting the intention of the public to share electronic medical records(EMR) based on the theory of reasoned action and the privacy calculus model. It also investigated whether the purpose of EMR sharing varies depending on personal characteristics, such as the degree of interest in health and personal medical history. According to an online survey of 145 people, altruistic enjoyment, awareness of personal information protection, recognition of legal and institutional roles, and interest in health had a positive impact on the level of EMR sharing, and trust in hospitals positively adjusted the relationship between recognition of legal and institutional roles and sharing intentions. Accordingly, we confirmed that the public recognized the role of the government and hospitals in the sharing process as necessary. The public interest benefits of sharing are critical to activating public participation in the sharing of EMR, and it is also essential to prepare guidelines that legally guarantee the security and proper use of EMR.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.517-523
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose system that apply VIBL method to add speech recognition to LIBL method based on human s studying method to use natural language to steering system of ship, MERCS and winch appliances and use VIBL method to alternate process that linguistic instruction such as officer s steering instruction is achieved via ableman and control steering gear, MERCS and winch appliances. By specific method of study, ableman s suitable steering manufacturing model embodies intelligent steering gear controlling system that embody and language direction base studying method to present proper meaning element and evaluation rule to steering system of ship apply and respond more efficiently on voice instruction of commander using fuzzy inference rule. Also we embody system that recognize voice direction of commander and control MERCS and winch appliances. We embodied steering manufacturing model based on ableman s experience and presented rudder angle for intelligent steering system, compass bearing arrival time, evaluation rule to propose meaning element of stationary state and correct steerman manufacturing model rule using technique to recognize voice instruction of commander and change to text and fuzzy inference. Also we apply VIBL method to speech recognition ship control simulator and confirmed the effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2020

Climate variations have become worse and diversified recently, which caused catastrophic disasters for our communities and ecosystem including economic property damages in Korea. Heat wave of summer season is one of causes for such damages of which outbreak tends to increase recently. Related short-term forecasting information has been provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration based on results from numerical forecasting model. As the study area, the ◯◯ province was selected because of the highest mortality rate in Korea for the past 15 years (1998~2012). When comparing the forecasted temperatures with field measurements, it showed RMSE of 1.57℃ and RMSE of 1.96℃ was calculated when only comparing the data corresponding to the observed value of 33℃ or higher. The forecasting process would take at least about 3~4 hours to provide the 4 hours advanced forecasting information. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology for temperature prediction using LSTM considering the short prediction time and the adequate accuracy. As a result of 4 hour temperature prediction using this approach, RMSE of 1.71℃ was occurred. When comparing only the observed value of 33℃ or higher, RMSE of 1.39℃ was obtained. Even the numerical prediction model of the whole range of errors is relatively smaller, but the accuracy of prediction of the machine learning model is higher for above 33℃. In addition, it took an average of 9 minutes and 26 seconds to provide temperature information using this approach. It would be necessary to study for wider spatial range or different province with proper data set in near future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.125-133
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• 2014

The column-oriented database storage is a very advanced model for large-volume data analysis systems because of its superior I/O performance. Traditional data storages exploit row-oriented storage where the attributes of a record are placed contiguously in hard disk for fast write operations. However, for search-mostly datawarehouse systems, column-oriented storage has become a more proper model because of its superior read performance. Recently, solid state drive using MLC flash memory is largely recognized as the preferred storage media for high-speed data analysis systems. The features of non-volatility, low power consumption, and fast access time for read operations are sufficient grounds to support flash memory as major storage components of modern database servers. However, we need to improve traditional transaction management scheme due to the relatively slow characteristics of column compression and flash operation as compared to RAM memory. In this research, we propose a new scheme called Column-aware Multi-Version Locking (CaMVL) scheme for efficient transaction processing. CaMVL improves transaction performance by using compression lock and multi version reads for efficiently handling slow flash write/erase operation in lock management process. We also propose a simulation model to show the performance of CaMVL. Based on the results of the performance evaluation, we conclude that CaMVL scheme outperforms the traditional scheme.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.239-256
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• 2017

In the process of site selection for a radioactive waste disposal, site characterization must be carried out to obtain input parameters to assess the safety and feasibility of deep geological repository. In this paper, methodologies of site characterization for radioactive waste disposal in Korea were suggested based on foreign cases of site characterization. The IAEA recommends that site characterization for radioactive waste disposal should be performed through stepwise processes, in which the site characterization period is divided into preliminary and detailed stages, in sequence. This methodology was followed by several foreign countries for their geological disposal programs. General properties related to geological environments were obtained at the preliminary site characterization stage; more detailed site characteristics were investigated during the detailed site characterization stage. The results of investigation of geology, hydro-geology, geochemistry, rock mechanics, solute transport and thermal properties at a site have to be combined and constructed in the form of a site descriptive model. Based on this site descriptive model, the site characteristics can be evaluated to assess suitability of site for radioactive waste disposal. According to foreign site characterization cases, 7 or 8 years are expected to be needed for site characterization; however, the time required may increase if the no proper national strategy is provided.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.31-44
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• 2001

The purpose of auditing is to express an auditor's opinion on the fair presentation of the financial position and business operations of companies according to the financial accounting standards, and to raise the reliability of the financial statements and to enable the user of the financial statements to make a proper judgement on the companies. There should be an audit risk in the audit of the financial statements in a modem sense because it is done by the sampling audit not by the detailed one. Audit risk is the risk that an auditor may unknowingly fail to modify appropriately the auditors' report on financial statements containing a material misstatement. The audit risk eventually hurt the reliability of the financial statements when the auditors set up different audit risks because it is determined by the auditor's professional judgement. Thus, there have been negative opinions on the Audit Risk Model suggested in the SAS No. 47 because it cannot explain the process of auditor's judgement and bring different results. In view of the results so far achieved, which influences the auditor's decision making, should be done by the Belief Function Mode Model in a position of raising the reliability of the financial statements and emphasizing the usefulness and effectiveness of the auditing.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.931-940
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• 2019

In hydrologic models, parameters are mainly used to reflect hydrologic elements or to supplement the simplified models. In this process, the proper selection of the parameters in the model can reduce the uncertainty. Accordingly, this study attempted to quantify the uncertainty of SWAT parameters using the General Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). Uncertainty analysis on SWAT parameters was conducted by using the formal and informal likelihood measures. The Lognormal function and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were used for formal and informal likelihood, respectively. Subjective factors are included in the selection of the likelihood function and the threshold, but the behavioral models were created by selecting top 30% lognormal for formal likelihood and NSE above 0.5 for informal likelihood. Despite the subjectivity in the selection of the likelihood and the threshold, there was a small difference between the formal and informal likelihoods. In addition, among the SWAT parameters, ALPHA_BF which reflects baseflow characteristics is the most sensitive. Based on this study, if the range of SWAT model parameters satisfying a certain threshold for each watershed is classified, it is expected that users will have more practical or academic access to the SWAT model.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-55
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• 2008

Due to the increasing and intensifying competition in the Internet shopping market, it has been recognized as very important to develop an effective policy and strategy for acquiring loyal customers. For this reason, web site designers need to know if a new Internet shopping mall(ISM) will be accepted. Researchers have been working on identifying factors for explaining and predicting user acceptance of an ISM. Some studies, however, revealed inconsistent findings on the antecedents of user acceptance of a website. Lack of consideration for individual differences in user ability is believed to be one of the key reasons for the mixed findings. The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and several studies have suggested that individual differences in ability plays an moderating role on the relationship between the antecedents and user acceptance. Despite the critical role of user ability, little research has examined the role of user ability in the Internet shopping mall context. The purpose of this study is to develop a user acceptance model that consider the moderating role of user ability in the context of Internet shopping. This study was initiated to see the ability of the technology acceptance model(TAM) to explain the acceptance of a specific ISM. According to TAM. which is one of the most influential models for explaining user acceptance of IT, an intention to use IT is determined by usefulness and ease of use. Given that interaction between user and website takes place through web interface, the decisions to accept and continue using an ISM depend on these beliefs. However, TAM neglects to consider the fact that many users would not stick to an ISM until they trust it although they may think it useful and easy to use. The importance of trust for user acceptance of ISM has been raised by the relational views. The relational view emphasizes the trust-building process between the user and ISM, and user's trust on the website is a major determinant of user acceptance. The proposed model extends and integrates the TAM and relational views on user acceptance of ISM by incorporating usefulness, ease of use, and trust. User acceptance is defined as a user's intention to reuse a specific ISM. And user ability is introduced into the model as moderating variable. Here, the user ability is defined as a degree of experiences, knowledge and skills regarding Internet shopping sites. The research model proposes that the ease of use, usefulness and trust of ISM are key determinants of user acceptance. In addition, this paper hypothesizes that the effects of the antecedents(i.e., ease of use, usefulness, and trust) on user acceptance may differ among users. In particular, this paper proposes a moderating effect of a user's ability on the relationship between antecedents with user's intention to reuse. The research model with eleven hypotheses was derived and tested through a survey that involved 470 university students. For each research variable, this paper used measurement items recognized for reliability and widely used in previous research. We slightly modified some items proper to the research context. The reliability and validity of the research variables were tested using the Crobnach's alpha and internal consistency reliability (ICR) values, standard factor loadings of the confirmative factor analysis, and average variance extracted (AVE) values. A LISREL method was used to test the suitability of the research model and its relating six hypotheses. Key findings of the results are summarized in the following. First, TAM's two constructs, ease of use and usefulness directly affect user acceptance. In addition, ease of use indirectly influences user acceptance by affecting trust. This implies that users tend to trust a shopping site and visit repeatedly when they perceive a specific ISM easy to use. Accordingly, designing a shopping site that allows users to navigate with heuristic and minimal clicks for finding information and products within the site is important for improving the site's trust and acceptance. Usefulness, however, was not found to influence trust. Second, among the three belief constructs(ease of use, usefulness, and trust), trust was empirically supported as the most important determinants of user acceptance. This implies that users require trustworthiness from an Internet shopping site to be repeat visitors of an ISM. Providing a sense of safety and eliminating the anxiety of online shoppers in relation to privacy, security, delivery, and product returns are critically important conditions for acquiring repeat visitors. Hence, in addition to usefulness and ease of use as in TAM, trust should be a fundamental determinants of user acceptance in the context of internet shopping. Third, the user's ability on using an Internet shopping site played a moderating role. For users with low ability, ease of use was found to be a more important factors in deciding to reuse the shopping mall, whereas usefulness and trust had more effects on users with high ability. Applying the EML theory to these findings, we can suggest that experienced and knowledgeable ISM users tend to elaborate on such usefulness aspects as efficient and effective shopping performance and trust factors as ability, benevolence, integrity, and predictability of a shopping site before they become repeat visitors of the site. In contrast, novice users tend to rely on the low elaborating features, such as the perceived ease of use. The existence of moderating effects suggests the fact that different individuals evaluate an ISM from different perspectives. The expert users are more interested in the outcome of the visit(usefulness) and trustworthiness(trust) than those novice visitors. The latter evaluate the ISM in a more superficial manner focusing on the novelty of the site and on other instrumental beliefs(ease of use). This is consistent with the insights proposed by the Heuristic-Systematic model. According to the Heuristic-Systematic model. a users act on the principle of minimum effort. Thus, the user considers an ISM heuristically, focusing on those aspects that are easy to process and evaluate(ease of use). When the user has sufficient experience and skills, the user will change to systematic processing, where they will evaluate more complex aspects of the site(its usefulness and trustworthiness). This implies that an ISM has to provide a minimum level of ease of use to make it possible for a user to evaluate its usefulness and trustworthiness. Ease of use is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the acceptance and use of an ISM. Overall, the empirical results generally support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of the effects of user ability. More detailed interpretations and implications of the findings are discussed. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide directions for future research.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 2007

In Korea, there have been various methods of estimating groundwater recharge which generally can be subdivided into three types: baseflow separation method by means of groundwater recession curve, water budget analysis based on lumped conceptual model in watershed, and water table fluctuation method (WTF) by using the data from groundwater monitoring wells. However, groundwater recharge rate shows the spatial-temporal variability due to climatic condition, land use and hydrogeological heterogeneity, so these methods have various limits to deal with these characteristics. To overcome these limitations, we present a new method of estimating recharge based on water balance components from the SWAT-MODFLOW which is an integrated surface-ground water model. Groundwater levels in the interest area close to the stream have dynamics similar to stream flow, whereas levels further upslope respond to precipitation with a delay. As these behaviours are related to the physical process of recharge, it is needed to account for the time delay in aquifer recharge once the water exits the soil profile to represent these features. In SWAT, a single linear reservoir storage module with an exponential decay weighting function is used to compute the recharge from soil to aquifer on a given day. However, this module has some limitations expressing recharge variation when the delay time is too long and transient recharge trend does not match to the groundwater table time series, the multi-reservoir storage routing module which represents more realistic time delay through vadose zone is newly suggested in this study. In this module, the parameter related to the delay time should be optimized by checking the correlation between simulated recharge and observed groundwater levels. The final step of this procedure is to compare simulated groundwater table with observed one as well as to compare simulated watershed runoff with observed one. This method is applied to Mihocheon watershed in Korea for the purpose of testing the procedure of proper estimation of spatio-temporal groundwater recharge distribution. As the newly suggested method of estimating recharge has the advantages of effectiveness of watershed model as well as the accuracy of WTF method, the estimated daily recharge rate would be an advanced quantity reflecting the heterogeneity of hydrogeology, climatic condition, land use as well as physical behaviour of water in soil layers and aquifers.