• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives: While many studies have been conducted on whether smoking scenes in films actually affect audience members' smoking, a comprehensive conclusion has yet to be derived. This study systematically reviewed the effect of smoking scenes in films on audience members' attitudes, beliefs, and actions. Methods: We analyzed a total of 146 studies searched on PubMed and PsycINFO (41 qualitative studies, 72 cross-sectional studies, 20 longitudinal studies, and 13 experimental studies). Results: Whereas qualitative studies have only demonstrated that audience members tend to perceive smoking scenes in films not as negative information but as positive information, cross-sectional studies have reported a significant association between smoking scenes and smoking behavior notwithstanding the problems of classifying the groups studied and measuring the degree of exposure. Through follow-up observations, longitudinal studies have reported that such media exposure can serve as a predictor of future smoking. Finally, with exposure and confounding variables under control, experimental studies have confirmed that smoking scenes in films indeed affect audience members' attitudes, beliefs, and actions regarding smoking. Conclusions: Scenes of actors and actresses smoking can be imitated or learned through audience members' immersion and identification and reproduce positive images that may render smoking socially acceptable.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.717-725
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to determine the level of occupational exposure and quality of life and to investigate the effect of variables related occupational exposure on quality of life in dental hygienists. Methods : A survey questionnaire was mailed to dental hygienists from April 4 to May 15, 2010. The subjects were 256(56.9%), who were worked in dental hospital and clinic with mean age of $29.59{\pm}7.30$. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF. It consists of 26 items, each with 5-point likert scale. Self control of occupational exposure was measured using the 3-items. The data were analyzed with chi-square, t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 17.0 program. Results : Regarding quality of life, the subjects was a mean of 90.73 out of a maximum 130 points. The level of self control occupational exposure a mean of 3.20 out of a maximum 5 points. Self control of occupational exposure, frequency of panorama radiography, work experience of radiography had a significant impact on quality of life in dental hygienists. Conclusions : Based on the findings, occupational exposure is negatively associated with quality of life in dental hygienists. These results suggest that health promotion program should be considered various factors related occupational exposure in dental hygienists.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2021

Recent impact of 4th industrial revolution is increasing usage of IoT technology along with smartphones and tablet PC. However blue light emitted from electronic devices such as smartphones and tablet PC causes detrimental change to human bodies. As the controversy over the harmfulness of blue light became known through the media and various communities, related markets were formed, and various blocking films, software, and vision protection monitors were released. In this paper focuses on utilizing IoT technology to protect human organizations from blue light. It presents anti-blue light system which prevents excessive exposure to blue light through Arduino module such as ultrasound, piezo buzzer and blue light measurement module.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2021

Background: The results differ among published studies regarding exposure to meconium and the risk of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Purpose: The present study pooled all of the epidemiologic studies retrieved from broader databases on the association between meconium exposure and risk of developing ASD in children. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched without language restrictions for articles published between their inception to February 20, 2020, using relevant keywords. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as random-effect estimates of the associations among studies. A subgroup analysis was conducted to explore any potential sources of heterogeneity among studies. Results: The pooled estimate of OR reported a weakly significant association between meconium exposure and ASD development in children (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.24). There was low heterogeneity among the articles reporting risk for ASD among children (I²=19.3%; P=0.259). The results of subgroup analysis based on meconium exposure showed a significant association between a meconium-stained neonate and ASD development (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.24). Couclusion: Meconium exposure was weakly associated with an increased risk of ASD. However, more evidence based on large prospective cohort studies is required to provide conclusive evidence about whether meconium exposure is associated with an increased risk of ASD development.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.227-240
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• 2015

Recent amendment on the Food Sanitation Act in Korea mandated the Minister of Food & Drug Safety to secure the scientific basis for management and reevaluation of standards and specifications of foods. Especially because the current food safety control is limited within the scope of 'Farm to Market' covering from production to retail in Korea, safety control at the plane of true 'Farm to Fork' scope is urgently needed and should include 'total diet' of population instead of individual food items. Therefore, 'Total Diet Study (TDS)' which provides 'closer-to-real' estimates of exposure to hazardous materials through analysis on table-ready (cooked) samples of foods would be the solution to more comprehensive food safety management, as suggested by World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Although the protection of diets from hazards must be considered as one of the most essential public health functions of any country, we may need to revisit the value of foods which has been too much underrated by the meaningless amount of some hazardous materials in Korea. Considering the primary value of foods lies on sustaining life, growth, development, and health promotion of human being, food safety control should be handled not only by the presence or absence of hazardous materials but also by maximizing the value of foods via balancing with the preservation of beneficial components in foods embracing total diet. In this regard, this article aims to provide an overview on TDS by describing procedures involved except chemical analysis which is beyond our scope. Also, details on the ongoing TDS in Korea are provided as an example. Although TDS itself might not be of keen interest for most readers, it is the main user of the safety reference values resulted from toxicological research in the public health perspective.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

To evaluate the status of the contact to lascivious computer programs and sexual attitude and behaviour by the grades of middle school boy students, the questionnaire survey was done on 715 students of five middle schools in Pusan and Kimhae area from December 15 to December 24, 1997. The data were analyzed by PC SAS; $X^2$ -test. The level of significance was 0.05. 404 students (56.5%) had a personal computer in their home. 516 students(72.2%) have experienced of using a computer program. 294(57%) of them usually played a game with computer. 514 students(71.9%) had experiences of the contact to a lascivious computer program, which increased with the grades of the students(p〈0.05). The first exposure to a lascivious program was when they were elementary school students in 24.6% of first grade middle school student, 13.8% of second grade, and 11.3% of 3rd grade students. 92% of the students was introduced to first contact through their friends. 63.7% of them watch the program at their friends home. The most common drives to contact to a lascivious programs were curiosity (53%). Sexual desire was a higher drive in third grade students (20.6%) than lower grades. After contacting to a computer lascivious program, desire of masterbation was more frequent in lower grade students. and feeling disgust was more frequent in higher grade students (p〈0.05). Frequence of masterbation or sexual intercourse was higher in high grade students(p〈0.05) In conclusion, distribution and popular use of computer attributes to the increased exposure to lascivious programs and lowering the age of first exposure. There was the difference according to the grades in the feeling and sexual behaviour after contacting to computer lascivious program. Appropriate methods to protect young students to contact a lascivious program should be sought. The use of computer should be educated in elementary school students accompanied by proper sex education.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2020

Background: In a wide range of industries, noise-induced hearing loss remains one of the most prevalent occupational problems. This study aimed to assess the noise exposure level and associated factors of hearing loss among textile workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Textile mill (Thamine), Yangon Region, from April to December 2018. In total, 226 workers who were randomly selected from 3 weaving sections participated in face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. A digital sound level meter and pure-tone audiometer were used for the assessment of noise exposure level and hearing loss, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associated factors of hearing loss. Results: In total workers, 66.4% were exposed to ≥85 dB(A) of noise exposure, and the prevalence of hearing loss was 25.7%. Age ≥35 years, below high school education, hearing difficulty, tinnitus, hypertension, > 9 years of service duration in a textile mill were positively associated with hearing loss. After adjusting confounding factors, age ≥35 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6.90, 95% confidence interval = 3.45-13.82) and tinnitus (adjusted odds ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-7.37) were persistently associated with hearing loss. Conclusion: Providing occupational hazard education and enforcement of occupational safety regulations should be taken to decrease the noise exposure level. The regular audiometry test should be conducted for assessment of hearing threshold shift. The employer needs to implement a hearing conservation program in workplace when noise exposure reaches or exceeds 85 dB(A) for 8 hours.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.863-875
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• 1996

In order to prepare the fundamental data for the health promotion by assessing the exposure level of styrene, the author determined the concentration of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid in urine of 42 workers who were exposed to styrene by high performance liquid chromatography and surveyed 16 symptoms, by questionnaire and also tested neurobehavioral test(digit symbol, benton visual retention) in 2 FRP plants of Kyung Nam area from July to September, 1995. Control was sampled by age sex matching method. The concentration of styrene in air was determined by gas chromatography. The results were as follows; 1. Geometric mean concentration of styrene in air was 17.4ppm, geometric mean concentration of mandelic acid(MA) in urine were 404.3mg/g creatinine for exposure group, 46.4mg/g creatinine for control group, geometric mean concentration of phenylglyoxylic acid(PGA) in urine were 57.5mg/g creatinine for exposure group, 9.5mg/g creatinine for control group. Mean concentration of MA and PGA showed statistically significant difference between exposure group and control group(p<0.01). 2. Number of symptom were 2.9 for exposure group, 3.3 for control group, number of digit symbol were 24.1 for exposure group, 32.5 for control group, number of Benton visual retention test were 6.1 for exposure group, 6.0 for control group, respectively. As result of adjusting the education year, number of Benton visual retention test showed statistically significant difference between exposure group and control group(p<0.05). 3. Excellent correlation were observed between environmental styrene exposure and urinary MA(r=0.80), PGA(r=0.73), and MA+PGA(r=0.81).

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2015

Objectives: This study performed to analyze general characteristics, environmental factors, and health promoting lifestyle by smoking behavior among university students. Methods: In 2011, interview survey was conducted with 700 Korean students of university and college in located 7 metropolitan cities and the biggest province (Gyeonggido). To examine the factors related to smoking behavior, it collected environmental factors, health promoting lifestyle, and mental health. Multiple logistic regression analysis for survey data identified the difference of smoking behavior. Results: The 20.4% of university students was current smoker. Smoking rate of male was higher than that of female. The university students residing in Seoul and surrounding areas were less likely to have smoking behavior than them residing in local areas. In multiple regression models, difference by gender, academic year, college level, college type, region, secondary smoking exposure time, health status, monthly drinking, alcohol use disorder, and eating breakfast remained significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusion: Future efforts should be focused on association between health risk factors and environment factors in physical, mental, and social aspects. To achieve this, we will need to provide the integrated health promotion program to decrease smoking problems of university students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2006

In recent years a concern of excessive intakes of vitamins and minerals from various sources is increasing, since there has been a marked increase in production and consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements and fortified foods. The purpose of this study was to assess the maximum exposure of vitamins and minerals from various sources including diet, fortified foods, and health functional foods among Koreans. As a result, the highest exposure group of most vitamins and minerals from diet was adults (30 - 49 years of age) according to 2001 Korean National Nutrition and Health Survey Report. Maximum dietary intakes of vitamin A, $B_1,\;B_2$, C, nicotinamide, calcium, phosphorus and iron were 0.5 - 7 times of the RDA for Koreans, 7th ed. Maximum intakes of vitamins and minerals from fortified foods by adults (20 - 59 years of age) were 8 - 760% of the Korean RDA. In addition, maximum exposure of vitamins and minerals from vitamin mineral health functional foods by middle aged people was 35 - 140% of the upper limits (UL: DRI for Koreans). As a consequence, maximum combined intakes of vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc from the above sources including diet, fortified foods and vitamin mineral health functional foods were greater than the UL. These results would be applied for determining the safe upper limits of vitamin and mineral of health functional foods.