• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the association of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korean populations with functional polymorphisms of six genes dopamine receptors (Ser311/Cys311 polymorphism, Taq1 A polymorphism, and Taq1 B polymorphism in DRD2, BalI polymorphism in DRD3, and promoter -521 C/T polymorphism and exon III 48 bp repeat polymorphism in DRD4) and one gene in dopamine transporter (DAT1). Methods : Participants were 58 children with ADHD and 110 control children. The genotypes were determined by PCR. Results : There was a statistically significant difference in genotype frequency of -521 C/T polymorphism within the promoter region of the DRD4 between two groups. Furthermore, in the male group, both genotype and allele frequencies showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion : Findings of the study indicate that -521 C/T polymorphism in promoter region of DRD4 appears to be a possible candidate gene for ADHD in Korean population.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2010

The H1 histone family, member N, testis-specific (H1FNT) is exclusively expressed in the testis, and had its possible role for sperm chromatin formation. The purpose of this study is to investigate any genetic association of H1FNT gene with male infertility, especially at the promoter region. We examined the promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of H1FNT gene which is located within transcription factor binding site for its association with male infertility. The statistical analysis showed that the -1129A>T polymorphism was present at a statistically significance in male infertility (p=0.0059 and 0.0349 for hetero and risk type, respectively). The dual-luciferase promoter assay was performed to examine the polymorphic effect of this promoter SNP by the cloning of promoter region (1700bp fragment) into pGL3-basic vector. In our plasmid based reporter system, there is no big difference between wild and risk type. In conclusion, H1FNT -1129A>T promoter SNP is statistically significant with male infertility, especially with subfertile (non-azoospermia) group. Further analysis of its functional polymorphic effect in vivo may provide the biological significance of testis-specific histone with spermatogenesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.529-535
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• 1998

연구배경: IL-4는 기관지천식의 병인에 중요한 역할을 하는 cytokine으로서 B세포에서 IgE를 생성하게 하여 아토피의 발생에 중요한 역할을 한다. IL-4의 유전자 다형에 관한 연구로 promoter부위 (-589) 에 cytosine이 thymine으로 치환되는 polymorphism(-589 C$\rightarrow$T polymorphism) 이 존재한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 그 후 IL-4 유전자 polymorphism이 천식 환자에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 polymorphism이 IL-4 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 promoter에 위치하므로 혈액내 IgE level에 영향을 주어 증상의 정도에 관여할 것이라는 가정하에 천식 환자의 증상의 정도와 IL-4 유전자 다형과의 연관성을 조사하였다. 또한 한국의 천식환자에서의 이러한 유전자 다형의 유형과 빈도를 조사하였다. 방 법: 고려대학교 부속병원에 내원한 49명의 천식환자와 33명의 정상 대조군을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 천식 환자는 증상의 정도에 따라 경증, 중등증 및 중증의 두 대상군으로 나누었다. 모둔 천식 환자와 정상인의 혈액에서 DNA를 분리하였고 ARMS(Amplification Refractory Mutation System) 및 RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)를 시행하여 polymorphism의 존재 및 유형을 검색하였다. 결 과: 천식 환자의 중상의 정도와 IL-4 유전자 다형의 유형과는 유의한 관계를 발견할 수 없었다 (P=0.709). 정상인이나 천식환자에서 polymorphism(C/T 및 T/T형)의 빈도가 각각 100% 와 95.9%로 서양보다 월등히 높았다. 그러나 두 군에서 polymorphism의 유형 및 그 빈도에 있어서 차이는 없었다. 33명의 정상 대조군에서는 C/C형을 발견할 수 없었고, 정상인과 천식환자에서 공히 T/T형이 C/T형보다 약간 많은 빈도를 보였다. 결 론: IL-4 유전자의 -589 C/T polymorphism과 천식 환자의 증상의 경중과는 유의한 연관성을 발견하지 못했다. 그러나 우리나라 천식 환자와 정상인에서 서양보다 월등히 많은 수에서 polymorphism을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 정상인에서는 C/C 형이 발견되지 않았다. 따라서 IL-4 유전자 다형성이 종족간에 현저한 차이를 보일 수 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7577-7581
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• 2013

The interleukin-18 promoter -607C>A gene polymorphism may be related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk but the results of individual studies remain conflicting. A meta-analysis including 1,886 subjects from five individual studies was therefore performed to provide a more accurate estimation. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were evaluated by fixed- or random-effects models. A significant relationship between interleukin-18 promoter -607C>A gene polymorphism and NPC was found in a dominant genetic model (OR: 1.351, 95% CI: 1.089-1.676, P=0.006, $P_{heterogeneity}$=0.904), a homozygote model (OR: 1.338, 95% CI: 1.023-1.751, P=0.034, $P_{heterogeneity}$=0.863), and a heterozygote model (OR: 1.357, 95% CI: 1.080-1.704, P=0.009, $P_{heterogeneity}$=0.824). No significant association was detected in either an allelic genetic model (OR: 1.077, 95% CI: 0.960-1.207, 0.207, $P_{heterogeneity}$=0.844) or a recessive genetic model (OR: 1.093, 95% CI: 0.878-1.361, P=0.425, $P_{heterogeneity}$=0.707). In conclusion, a significant association was found between interleukin-18 promoter -607C>A gene polymorphism and NPC risk. Individuals with the C allele of interleukin-18 promoter -607C>A gene polymorphism have a higher risk of NPC development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1833-1836
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• 2012

Objective: Promoter methylation, which can be regulated by MTHFR activity, is associated with silencing of genes. In this study we evaluated the methylation status (type) of the BRCA2 promoter in ovarian cancer patients carrying different genotypes of the MTHFR gene (A or C polymorphisms at position 1298). Methods: The methylation type of the BRCA2 promoter was evaluated using bisulfate-modified DNA in methylation-specific PCR and the MTHFRa1278c polymorphism was assessed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Analysis of the BRCA2 promoter methylation type of cases showed that 7 out of 60 cases (11.7%) were methylated while the remaining 53 (88.3%) were unmethylated. In methylated cases, one out of the 7 cases had a CC genotype and the remaining 6 methylated cases had an AC genotype. The AA genotype was absent. In unmethylated cases, 34, 18, and one out of these had AC, AA and CC genotype, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the methylation types of the BRCA2 promoter in different genotypes of MTHFRa1298c polymorphism in ovarian cancer; p=0.255. There was no significant relation between the methylation types of the BRCA2 promoter in different genotypes of the MTHFRa1298c polymorphism in ovarian cancer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1526-1531
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• 2014

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are key enzymes involved in cell and tissue remodeling during ovarian follicle development and ovulation. The control of MMP9 transcription in ovarian follicles occurs through a core promoter region (-2,400 to -1,700 bp). The aim of this study was to screen genetic variations in the core promoter region and examine MMP9 transcription regulation and reproduction performance. A single cytosine deletion/insertion polymorphism was found at -1954 $C^+/C^-$. Genetic association analysis indicated significant correlation between the deletion genotype ($C^-$) with total egg numbers at 28 weeks (p = 0.031). Furthermore, luciferase-reporter assay showed the deletion genotype ($C^-$) had significantly lower promoter activity than the insertion genotype ($C^+$) in primary granulosa cells (p<0.01). Therefore, the identified polymorphism could be used for marker-assisted selection to improve chicken laying performance.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2008

Background : Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), one of the CC chemokines, appears to play a significant role in asthma pathogenesis. It was reported that polymorphism in the MCP-1(-2518 A/G promoter) was associated with asthma in Caucasians, but the association of this polymorphism and asthma patients in the Korean population has not yet been clarified. Objective : We investigated the possible association between 2 polymorphisms (-2518 A/G promoter and Cys35Cys) and asthma patients in a Korean population. Materials and Methods : DNA samples were obtained from 86 Korean asthma patients and 270 healthy controls. MCP-1 genomic variants (-2518 A/G promoter and Cys35Cys polymorphism) were detected by PCR-RFLP. Level of MCP-1 was measured by ELISA for each genotype (n=8) (AA, AG, GG) and allele types of -2518 A/G promoter polymorphism for control subjects. Results : The Cys35Cys polymorphism was associated with asthma patients in Korean population [genotype distribution ($X^{2}=16.011$, P<0.001)]. Comparison of the two groups revealed no detectable differences in genotype and allele frequencies of the -2518 A/G polymorphism. Haplotype frequencies analysis revealed significant difference $(X^{2}=51.70$, P<0.001). MCP-1 serum level of subjects with G genotype of -2518 A/G promoter polymorphism was statistically higher than that with AA genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion : Our data indicate that no association exists between the MCP-1 -2518 A/G polymorphism and asthma susceptibility in the Korean population. However, it is noteworthy that the high prevalence of the -2518 G allele in the Korean population suggests a potentially important ethnic variation in the regulation of MCP-1 production. This variation must be considered in gene-association studies in different ethnic populations.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권sup2호
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• pp.269-278
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) gene polymorphism (1G/2G at -1607 and A/G at -519) in Korean subject and to assess the association between polymorphism and periodontal status. Methods: Forty nine generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients and 57 periodontally healthy children were recruited and genomic DNA was extracted from buccal swab. The polymorphisms of MMP-1 promoter genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length product (PCR-RFLP) method. The distribution of genotype and allele frequency was compared between 2 groups by ${\chi}^2$ test. Results: There was a significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles between the GAP and reference groups at the position - 519 of MMP-1 gene promoter (P<0.05). Allele G carrier rate was significantly lower in GAP group than that of the reference group (P< 0.001). At the position -1607 of MMP-1 gene promoter, genotype distribution and allele frequency showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. However, in the female group, a significant difference was observed between the groups for the genotype distribution, allele frequency and allele 1G carrier rate (P< 0.05). Conclusions: The DNA polymorphism at the MMP-1 gene promoter might be associated with GAP in Korean.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2002

Genes involved in the serotonin system are good candidates for the pathogenesis of mood disorder and mood-related disorders, such as eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, alcoholism, and suicide. Serotonin type 2A(5-HT2A) receptor gene promoter polymorphism(-1438A/G) has been reported. In this article, authors reviewed the literatures regarding association studies between -1438A/G and mood disorder and mood-related disorders. There are controversial results with limited data to date. Further researches on the -1438A/G in psychiatric disorders are required.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.871-876
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• 2005

목 적 : 한국 소아 1형 당뇨병에서 TNF promoter -857T/C와 -1031C/T 및 $LT-{\alpha}$ 유전자 다형성과 질병감수성과의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1형 당뇨병으로 진단 받은 소아 49명(여아 29명, 남아 20명)과 정상 대조군 94명의 혈액을 채취하여 DNA를 추출하였다. 추출한 DNA에 대하여 allele-specific PCR법을 이용하여 TNF promotor -1031C/T 다형성을, PCR-RFLP법을 이용하여 TNF promotor -857T/C, $LT-{\alpha}$ 유전자 다형성을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 환자군과 대조군 사이에서 TNF promoter -857T/C, -1031C/T 다형성의 분포는 차이가 없었다. 환자들의 임상적 특징에 따라 아군(subgroup)으로 분류하였을 때, 진단 시 당뇨병성 케톤산혈증으로 발현한 환자들에서 TNF promoter -1031C/T 다형성의 TT 유전자형의 빈도가 당뇨병성 케톤산혈증으로 발현하지 않은 환자들과 비교하여 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 다른 임상적 특성들과 이들 유전자 다형성 사이에는 관련성이 없었다. 또 환자와 대조군 사이에 $LT-{\alpha}$ 유전자 다형성의 분포는 차이가 없었으며, 임상적 특성과의 관련성도 없었다. 결 론 : 이 연구를 통하여 TNF promoter -857T/C, $LT-{\alpha}$ 유전자 다형성이 한국 소아에서 1형 당뇨병의 질병감수성과 관련이 없음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 TNF promoter -1031C/T 다형성은 당뇨병성 케톤산혈증과 같은 1형 당뇨병의 특정 임상양상에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 유전적 인자로 생각된다.