• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1997

The present investigation was focussed mainly on the development of the tumors and proliferating cells on the intestinal tracts of 1, 2-dimethyl-hydrazine(DMH)-treated young or adult rats. 26 rats(Wistar, 14 young rats weighting approximately 130~180gm and 12 adult rats weighting approximately 500~550gm) were given subcutaneously once weekly with 20mg of DMH/kg body weight(BW)/week for 8~22 weeks. Individual body weight were recorded weekly at the same day and time. The rats were killed at 8, 13, 15. 17, 19, 21 and 22 weeks. The intestinal tracts were opened longitudinally and carefully examined for tumors. The localization, number, and size of tumors were noted. Tumor-bearing areas were dissected out and fixed on neutral buffered 10% formalin and normal-looking mucosa from 8~22 weeks rats were also taken for fixation. Paraffin sections were stained by H-E for histopathological examination or with immunohistochemical stain for bromodeoxyuridine(Brdur) positive cells. 1. The growth proportion of body weight appeared to be decreased in the DMH-treated young rats than in control young rats and body weight of DMH-treated adult rats appeared to be 13.4% or less lower than weighted on 0 week. 2. Macroscopically, the developed tumors in the intestinal tracts were not observed as early as the 13 weeks after DMH treatment. The number of developed tumors per rat was found to be 14.3, 18.8, 22.3 in 15, 17 and 22 weeks. The numbers of tumors in intestinal regions per rat were 2.1, 4.3, 5.4, 2.5 in duodenum, jejunum, ilium and colon on 15 weeks, 2.3, 6.4, 7.8, 2.3, on 17 weeks, and 2.7, 9.3, 9.0, 1.3 on 22 weeks, respectively and the ileum and jejunum were higher in appearance rate of tumors and tumor types are dome shapes and diameter of largest tumor were 6.3mm. 3. Histopathologically, intestinal mucosa were thickened by the irregular distorted and distended crypts following hyperplasia. The tumors developed on the mucosa and submucosa and were recognized to be adenocarcinoma. 4. Immunohistochemically, the labeling index(LI) was calculated as the ratio of the number of Brdur-labeled cells to the total number of column cells of the crypts with longitudinal axis. LI of Brdur positive cells per crypt were 5.6%, 8.0% on small intestine of control and 22 week group, respectively and 3.7%, 12.7% on large intestine of control and 22 week group, respectively and were appeared to be increase in 22 week group than in control group and to be more number of proliferating cells in 22 week group than in control group. 5. LI of Brdur positive cells in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 segments of crypt column were 11.7%, 10.7%, 3.8%, 0.6%, 0% in small intestine of control group and 23.5%, 11.8%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 0.8% in small intestine of 22 week group, and 5.4%, 7.4%, 3.8%, 1.0%, 0.4% in large intestine of control group and 29.5%, 20.3%, 5.9%, 6.3%, 1.3% in large intestine of 22 week group respectively. So results indicate that the number of proliferating cells by DMH treatment increase and were concentrated on the 1, 2 segments of crypt columns.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1453-1461
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• 2007

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with an herbal extract of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) enhances the immune response in weaned piglets. Sixty piglets weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups representing the addition of 0 or 1 g/kg of the AS extract or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (an antibiotic) to maize- and soybean meal-based diets (n = 20 per group). On days 7, 14 and 28 after initiation of the addition, total and differential counts of leucocytes, proliferating activity of peripheral lymphocytes, serum levels of immunoglobulins (Ig) and cytokines and the spleen index were determined. The AS extract decreased (p<0.05) the number of neutrophils on days 7 and 28 in comparison with the control group and reduced (p<0.05) serum interleukin-$1{\beta}$ level on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups. Dietary supplementation with the AS extract increased (p<0.05) the lymphocyte/leukocyte ratio on day 28 compared with the control group and increased the proliferating activity of lymphocytes on days 14 and 28 compared with the other 2 groups. The AS extract increased (p<0.05) the serum content of IgG on day 7 and of IgG and IgM on day 28 compared with the other 2 groups, as well as increasing the serum content of tumor necrosis factor on day 7 and spleen index on days 7 and 28 compared with the control group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the AS extract as a dietary additive enhances the cellular and humoral immune responses of weaned piglets by modulating the production of immunocytes, cytokines and antibodies.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.317-340
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• 1993

This study was designed 1) to compare the distributions of periapical inflammatory cells and 2) to identify lymphocytes and compare the lymphocyte distribution with T lymphocyte subpopulation and then 3) to examine the distribution of cycling cell in human dental periapical lesions. From each of the twenty-five human dental periapical lesions observed one small portion was fixed, embeded in paraffin, sectioned serially and stained with HE. The periapical inflammatory cells were counted to obtain the relative concentration of lymphocyte, plasma cell, macrophage and neutrophil. The large part of each lesion was analysed using Flow cytometer and monoclonal antibodies to obtain the relative concentration of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T'helper cell and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. In addition to that, seven human dental periapical lesions were examined with DNA analysis to observe the distribution of cycling cell. Following results were obtained: 1. 24 cases of the 32 periapical lesions examined were diagnosed as periapical granuloma and the remaining 8 cases as periapical cyst. Lymphocytes comprised 42.1% of total inflammatory cells in periapical granuloma and 41.8% in periapical cyst. Corresponding percentages for macrophages were 33.8% and 30.3%; for plasma cells, 15.9% and 19.0%; for neutrophils, 8.2% and 8.8%. 2. All of the periapical lesions examined had T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, T helper cell, T suppressor/cytotoxic cell. And in all cases, T lymphocytes were observed predominantly more than B lymphocytes. 3. In 2 cases of the control group only T lymphocytes were found, and in the remaining 2 cases T lymphocytes were observed predominantly. 4. T helper cells were observed predominantly more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in all cases of perapical granulomas. 5. T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were observed predominantly more than T helper cells in 4 cases of periapical cysts (total 5 cases were examined) and only in one case T helper cells were more than T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. 6. In control group, T helper cells were predominant in 2 cases and T helper cells were equivalent to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in one case. In remaining one case T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were predominant. 7. As the result of DNA analysis, the average proliferating indices of the various groups examined were measured as follows: in the control group 5.45%, in periapical granuloma 6.64%, in periapical cyst 10.1%. The highest index was observed in periapical cyst.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1993

연구배경 : 암화 과정상의 한 요소는 조절되지 않는 세포의 증식인바 그 증식성을 알아볼 수 있는 많은 방법들이 소개되었는데 그중 한 방법이 소위 증식표지인 PCNA를 검색해 보는 것이다. PCNA는 36KD의 핵단백질로서 세포의 증식과정에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있는데 암세포에선 그 발현성이 잘 조절되지 않으므로 이를 이용하여 암세포의 생물학적 성상을 보다 잘 이해하려는 연구들이 시도되었다. 지금까지 알려진 바로는 암세포에서의 PCNA 발현율은 암세포중 증식세포 비율뿐 아니라 암세포의 분화정도, DNA의 배수성, 항암제에 대한 감수성 등과 관련된다고 보고되었다. 또한 그 방법의 단순성 및 신속성과 아울러 통상적 조직 보관법인 파리핀 포매 절편을 이용하므로써 조직형태를 그대로 유지한다는 장점이 있다. 이에 저자들은 폐암조직에서 PCNA 발현양상을 조사 분석하여 그 병태 생물학적 의의를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 연구 대상은 폐암으로 진단받고 폐절제술로 적출되어 파라핀에 포매된 43예의 폐암조직을 사용하여, 면역조직화학 염색법으로 PCNA 발현을 조사하여 암세포형, 병기, 병소 종류, 생존율 등과 어떤 관계가 있는지 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 세포형에 따른 구분 : 편평상피암은 89%, 선암은 54%의 양성율을 나타내어 세포형에 따른 차이를 보였고 대세포암은 1예인데 양성이었다. 2) 병기에 따른 구분 : 병기가 진행할수록 즉 1기에서 보다 2, 3기에서 양성율은 높은 경향을 보이나 통계적 의미는 없었다. 3) 병소에 따른 구분 : 원발암 부위와 전이 임파절 부위에서의 양성율은 각각 77%와 62%로서 큰 차이가 없었고, 전이 병소를 가진 13예에서 두 부위간의 양성율은 92%와 62%로서 원발부위에서 높으며, 전이 병소를 가진 원발 부위에서의 양성율이(92%) 전이 병소가 없는 원발 부위의 양성율보다(70%) 높았다. 4) 생존 기간에 따른 구분 : 12개월 생존율을 비교할 때 양성율에 따른 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과 폐암조직에서의 PCNA의 발현은 편평상피암에서 보다 높으며, 전이병소를 가진 원발 부위에서 높게 나타났으나, 병기 및 생존율 등에서는 차이가 나지 않았으므로 향후 더많은 예수에 대한 검증, 여러 다른 치료를 받은 경우에서의 검증, 더 오랜 기간의 생존율 관찰 및 다른 생물학적 지표와의 비교 검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2006

끝없이 쏟아지는 이비즈니스 성공담에도 불구하고, 수많은 최고 경영진들은 인터넷 기반의 이비즈니스 시스템 구축에 대한 투자효과를 체감하지 못하고 있다고 주장한다. 대부분의 사업들이 조직의 정보활용역량이나 체감적인 사업성과의 향상을 간과하고, 즉흥적인 재정적 성과에만 치중하는 경향이 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 실증분석을 통해 인터넷을 기반으로 하는 이비즈니스 시스템의 활용이 조직의 정보활용역량, 사업성과, 그리고 재정적 성과에 미치는 영향을 조사하여, 사업목표를 달성하는데 있어서 이비즈니스 시스템의 역할과 가치를 부각시키고자 한다. 본 연구는 인터넷 기반의 이비즈니스 행위가 조직의 정보활용역량을 향상시키고, 정보활용역량이 높아지면 사업성과도 향상됨을 보여준다. 또한, 본 연구는 인터넷을 기반으로 한 이비즈니스 시스템의 활용으로 인한 사업성과 향상은 고객가치 창출로 이어지고, 이는 결국 수익창출을 위한 필요 요소임을 암시한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2000

Methanol extract and its fractions of Polyozellus multiplex inhibited the growth of several tumor cell lines and its water fraction showed a higher cytotoxicity effect on the human gastric carcinoma cell, SNU668 than on the other cell lines. The glutathione S-transferase (GSH) content was decreased by MNNG treatment but increased by adding Polyozellus multiplex water fractions. Also the activities of GSH and superoxide dismutase were increased by more the treatment of Polyozellus multiplex water fractions than by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) alone. Polyzellus multiplex water fraction cased significant reduction in the proliferating cell unclear antigen (PCNA) labelling index in the glandular stomach epithelium as compared with the value of MNNG alone.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2006

The present study investigated an effect of arsenic trioxide on the urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. To understand its carcinogenesis, we examined proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), apoptotic index as well as cell cycle-related proteins (cyclin D1, p21, and p27). Urethane was injected intraperitoneally in ICR mice, and then they were sacrificed at 5, 15, or 25 weeks following treatment of arsenic trioxide. Arsenic trioxide was given with tap water at a concentration of 1 mg/l (low-dose) and 5mg/1 (high-dose) for 25 weeks. During the carcinogenesis, sequential histological changes from hyperplasia to adenomas, and ultimately to overt carcinomas were noted. The development of hyperplasias, adenomas, and carcinomas in the lung were slightly increased by the treatment of low-dose arsenic trioxide. However, there is no correlation between dose and tumor multiplicity. The administration of low-dose arsenic trioxide, significantly increased the tumor size. The proliferative index observed on 5 weeks after significantly increased. Cyclin D1 and p21 protein, cell cycle related proteins, were more significantly increased in hyperplasia and adenoma in low dose arsenic treated group than urethane alone group. The p27 protein expression did not show any significantly changes with arsenic treated or untreated group. Low dose exposure to arsenic trioxide resulted in increased expression of cyclin D1 and p21 protein. The present results indicate that low-dose treatment of arsenic trioxide, but not high dose of it, partly modulate the cellular proliferation, cyclin D1, and p21 protein expression, and that this effect may contribute to accelerated development of lung adenocarcinomas in urethane-induced mice.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.539-556
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• 1995

Periodontal therapeutic modalities should be re-establishing and regenerating the periodontal tissue previously lost to the disease. To achieve periodontal regeneration, periodontal ligament cells must selective migrate to the deneded root surface, attached and proliferated it. Local pH concentration is one of the most factors that periodontal regeneration. The aims of this study were to examine on biological effects of pH to the human periodontal ligament cells in vitro, especially on the cell morphology, attachment, activity, vitality and viability. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured from extracted tooth for non-periodontal reason. Immediately after extraction, any soft tissue adhering to the cervical parts of the roots was carefully removed with a sterile curette. To produce different pH levels in the media, Eagle's MEM was adjusted from pH 6.6 to 8.2 in 0.2 intervals with 1 M NaOH and 1 N HCl. After cultivation, Then, Periodontal ligament cells were cultured at pH ranging from 6.6-8.2. attachment assay was done at 1, 2 day incubation and activity assay was done at 1, 2, 3 day incubation. The experiments were evaluated by scaning electron microscopic techniques (HITACHIX-650 Scaning Electron Microanalyzer, Tokyo, Japan), MTT assay, and the cultured periodontal ligament cells were fixed in neutral formalin for 24 hours and immunohistochemically processed by PCNA for proliferating ability. The surviving cells in the medium showed slightly increased volume and widening intercellular distances at low concentration of pH than control group (pH 7.4), and apparently shrinkage at high concentration of pH than control group (pH 7.4). The results of the statistical analysis from the experiment on attachment, vitality and viability were as follows. Attachment of periodontal ligament cells at 1st and 2nd day, similar attachment rate of low concentration pH compared with control value (pH 7.4). But above pH 8.0, attachment rate were statistically significant decrease from control value(P<0.05). Periodontal ligament cell's activities were maximum at pH 7.6 by MTT assay. Similar with control value at low concentration of pH. But, the activities were statistically significant decrease at high concentraration of pH(P<0.05). Cellular proliferating rate (PCNA index) were statistically significant decrease from control value at low and high concentration of pH(p<0.05). This results suggested that hjgh concentration pH, in other words, alkali pH was cytotoxic effects on human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

Metwonim속 흡충의 형태학적인 차이점에 대하여는 잘 알려져 있으나 이들에 의해 유발되는 소장병변에 대한 차이는 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구는 소장선와의 상피세포가 두 Metasonimw속 흡충 감염시 반응하는 정도를 5시기에 분열하는 세포의 핵 내 polymerase것elta accessoryprotein을 염색하여 비교 관찰한 것이다. 요코가와흡충 (M. yokogawai)의 피낭유충은 삼척산 은어에 서 분리하였고. 미야타흡충 (Metugonimus Miyata type)은 충주산 피라미에서 분리하여 사용하였다. 마우스 한 마리당 300개의 피낭유충을 감염시퀴고 감염 후 3일. 6일. 10일. 16일 및 23일째 에 희생시켜 관찰하였다. 상부 소장에서는 요코가와흡충 감염군의 6일 23일째에서 염색된 선와 상피세포수의 유의한 (P<0.05) 감소를 보였다 중부 소장에서도 상부 소장에서와 같은 양상을 보였다. 하부소장에서는 요코가와흡충 감염군에서 3일. 6일 및 23일째에 유의한 (P<0.05) 감소를 보였다. 미야타흡충 감염군에서는 세 부위의 소잘에서 모두 감염을 시키지 않은 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았다 위의 결과로 요코가와흡충 감염이 미야타흡충 감염시 보다 마우스 소장 선와 세포 증식을 억제하고 이의 결과로 융모의 위축을 초래함을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

목 적: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)에 의한 질병 발생의 병독 인자로 cagA, picB 및 iceA 등의 유전형이 연구되고 있으며, 최근에는 위 상피세포의 증식(proliferation)과 세포사(apoptosis)의 불균형이 중요시되고 있다. 이에 H. pylori 감염 소아에서 위 상피세포 증식과 세포사 및 cagA, picB 및 iceA 유전형의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1999년 8월부터 2001년 6월까지 이화여자 대학교 목동병원 소아과에서 소화기 증상으로 내시경을 시행하여 H. pylori 감염으로 진단된 20예와 감염 음성 20예를 대상으로 하였다. H. pylori 감염 양성은 조직학적으로 H. pylori 균이 관찰되고, CLO 검사와 ureC PCR이 전부 양성인 경우로 하였다. 위생검 조직에서 개정된 시드니 체계를 이용하여 조직 소견을 분석하고, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 발현으로 위 상피세포 증식의 정도를 in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) 방법으로 세포사의 정도를 조사하였다. cagA, picB 및 iceA 유전자에 대해 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행하였다. 결 과: 1) 세포 증식 지표는 H. pylori 감염 양성에서 $77.4{\pm}13.12$로 음성 $52.3{\pm}12.20$에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p=0.000). 세포 증식 지표는 H. pylori 밀도가 증가할수록(r=0.624, p=0.000, 다핵형 중성구의 활동성이 증가할수록(r=0.460, p=0.005), 만성 염증이 증가할수록(r=0.433, p=0.009) 증가하였다. 2) 세포사 지표는 H. pylori 감염 양성에서 $0.70{\pm}0.411$, 음성에서 $0.14{\pm}0.201$로 감염 양성에서 음성보다 유의하게 높았다(p=0.000). 세포사 지표는 H.pylori 밀도가 증가할수록(r=0.691, p=0.000), 다핵형 중성구의 활동성이 증가할수록(r=0.585, p=0.000), 만성 염증이 증가할수록(r=0.535, p=0.001) 증가하였다. 3) 세포 증식 지표가 증가할수록 세포사 지표는 유의하게 증가하였다(r=0.527, p=0.001). 4) H. pylori 감염 양성에서 유전형의 양성률은 cagA 90%, picB 75%, iceA1 60% 및 iceA2 15%였으며, cagA, picB, 및 iceA 유전형에 따른 세포 증식지표, 세포사 지표, 내시경 소견 및 조직 소견에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: H. pylori 감염 소아에서 위 상피세포 증식 지표와 세포사 지표가 균형을 이루면서 증가하였으며, cagA, pic B 및 iceA 유전형에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이는 위 상피세포 증식과 세포사가 H. pylori의 병인에 중요함을 시사하며, 앞으로 세포 증식과 세포사의 기전과 유발 요인, 여러 유전형과의 관계, 성인과의 비교 연구 등이 필요하리라 생각된다.