• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2015

Water plays the fundamental role in sustaining the living system. Water scarcity is mostly experienced dramatically by people living in poverty, most of them in rural areas and often in the poorest countries. Burundi has been identified as one of those countries. This study aimed to analyze and estimate the current and future water demands in the seven communes surrounding Kibira National Park (KNP) in Burundi. Sectors such as households, livestock, agricultural production and industry as the key water users in the study area were considered. The results showed an alarming increase in future water demand. Water demand by food crops increased to $288,779,060m^3/yr$ in 2020 and $306,018,348m^3/yr$ in 2050. Agricultural sector will be demanding the major available water in the seven communes surrounding Kibira National Park except Muruta and Bukeye which showed that water demand for tea industry was the highest in 2050. The water resources could be the greatest challenges for the overall development of the communities surrounding Kibira National Park. The current water resources may not be enough and therefore may not be able to meet the needs of those seven communities around KNP.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.737-747
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• 2012

Recently, in order to support automatic meter reading for conventional metering devices, an image processing-based approach of recognizing the number meter data in the captured meter images has attracted many researchers' interests. Numerical character segmentation is a very critical process for successful recognition. In this paper, we propose an efficient numeric character segmentation method which can segment numeric characters well for any metering device types under diverse illumination environments. The proposed method consists of two consecutive stages; detection of number area containing all numbers as a tight ROI(Region of Interest) and segmentation of numerical characters in the ROI. Detection of tight ROI is achieved in two steps: extraction of rough ROI by utilizing horizontal line segments after illumination enhancement preprocessing, and making the rough ROI more tight through clipping utilizing vertical and horizontal projection about binarized ROI. Numerical character segmentation in the detected ROI is stably achieved in two processes of 'vertical segmentation of each number region' and 'number segmentation in the each vertical segmented number region'. Through the experiments about a homegrown meter image database containing various meter type images of low contrast, low intensity, shadow, and saturation, it is shown that the proposed numeric character segmentation method performs effectively well for any metering device types under diverse illumination environments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.486-494
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• 2003

When the orientations of joints are measured on a rock exposure, there are frequent cases that are difficult to approach by the surveyor to the target joints or to set up scanlines on the slope. In this study, to complement such limit and weak points, a new algorithm was developed to interpret joint orientation from analyzing the images of rock slope. As a method of arranging the multiple images of a rock slope, the multistage convergent photographing system was introduced to overcome the limitation of photographing direction which existing method such as parallel stereophotogrammetric system has and to cover the range of image measurement, which is the overlapping area between the image pair, to a maximum extent. To determine camera parameters in the perspective projection equation that are the main elements of the analysis method, a new method was developed introducing three ground control points and single ground guide point. This method could be considered to be very simple compared with other existing methods using a number of ground control points and complicated analysis process. So the global coordinates of a specific point on a rock slope could be analyzed with this new method. The orientation of a joint could be calculated using the normal vector of the joint surface which can be derived from the global coordinates of several points on the joint surface analyzed from the images.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.138-155
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• 1994

Granitic gneiss containing biotite banded gneiss relict around the Daeheung talc deposit are widely distributed which were formed by regional metamorphism of both epidote-amphibolite and iater greenschist facies and granitization. They were derived from same silico-aluminous rocks of sedimentary origin. The mineral assemblages, which are common in the biotite banded gneiss, formed during regional metamorphisms, are survived in the granitic gneiss. The mineral assemblages of the latter greenschist facies may be formed retrogressively from the first epidote-amphibolite facies. The chemical compositions of biotite, muscovite, and chlorite, the important constituents of the gneisses, were controlled by the bulk composition, the chemical composition of the original mineral, and environment of the regional metamorphisms and granitization. The chemical equilibrium between coexisting'minerals, especially biotite and muscovite, is relatively well established, which was controlled mainly by tschermakitic and phengitic substitutions. Cholrite was formed mainly from either biotite or muscovite by retrogressive alteration or granitization, and have nearly similar chemical compositions regardless of the occurrences. The orientation trend of the foliation, joint and quartz vein developed in the gneisses was analyzed by equal area projection which the latter two show nearly identical trend in the strike and dip. This may suggest that the hydrothermal solution was introduced along joint during wet granitization.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.4-4
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• 2008

The progress in flat panel displays over the last two decades has been astonishing. In just 20 years, the LCD-TV grew up from a 2-inch curiosity, to an industry that will sell about 120 million flat panel TV's this year, with viewing area up to 4000 times larger. That success is based on continuous innovation, especially in manufacturing processes. For the next decade to bring another doubling of the business, progress will need to continue in four major areas: Human factors, ecological impact, visual quality, and of course continued drive towards affordability. This talk will detail the technology advances that can allow this industry to meet those challenges. Human factors. Today, we adapt our lifestyle to our technology. People organize their offices, and their homes, around displays. We pass around mobile phones to share images, rather than experiencing them as a group. Billions of newspapers continue to be sold daily. Advances in flexible displays can lead to large portable displays. "New era projection" includes the handheld Pico Projectors that are already on the market, and will ultimately appear integrated in mobile phones the same way cameras do today. "Eco" impact. Today TV's are one of the top energy consumers in a U.S. home, and the fastest growing. Watching a large flat panel TV can cost twice as much as running a large refrigerator. With today's concern about energy consumption, regulations are starting to emerge worldwide to limit TV electrical use. Fortunately, good solutions exist in using light management films to eliminate bulbs, saving power without increasing cost. Going forward, LED backlights will drive another step downward. OLED displays might be the ultimate solution. Visual quality. The color of an LCD-TV is still often considered inferior to a far less expensive CRT. And almost all displays suffer from representing a three-dimensional world on a two dimensional surface. The technology to improve color is available today, and will likely move from premium sets into the mainstream as costs come down. 3D is now arriving in movie theaters worldwide, and that will drive up the demand for similar realistic images in home theaters. And the technology is emerging today for 3D representation to move beyond specialized applications into everyday use, on screens large and small. Affordability. The world takes cost-down miracles for granted in consumer electronics. Each of these other advances will be balanced with a drive for affordability, especially as the market grows in emerging countries. The other three challenges must be met without increasing cost. Putting this all together, the next few years will emphasize "eco friendly" designs, and enhanced images such as 3D. By 2013 we will start to see serious penetration by emissive technologies (OLED, high efficiency plasma, or other), with the "ultimate display" likely not in the market for a decade. Lots of opportunities for innovation remain ahead of us.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

Cadastral map is a public book that has been composed by continuous parcel having location, number, classification, boundary and an area based on Cadastral Law. A few years ago, cadastral map had been managed by form drawn on 2 dimension plane paper with 7 regular scales. Recently as computer systems are upgrading, cadastral map was able to have a chance to develope one step. Its type has been remade from raster to vector. In result, the cadastral map of vector type becomes to apply variously. Therefore, digital cadastral map has been ready a system to be use with multi-propose by KLIS(Korean Land Information System). In this research, it concretely want presentation of status using land more than original parcel on basic coordination cadastral map and KLIS(Korean Land Information System). The cadastral map is composed as parcel unit was applied by new presentation technique to "Model Research on One Parcel Presentation Technique for Land Status of Cadastral Map". The function of cadastral map on One Parcel Presentation Technique which is not only location relation of possession right and expression of states using land in 28 classifications demonstrated on the cadastral law but also used as foundation data of GIS construct business is developed by lines and classification of parcel to center around public sites of roads, rails, drains and rivers. especially, this research is composed of technique elevation and development of One Parcel Projection Technique of cadastral map in using object of roads among public sites.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.535-543
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• 1998

In the present study, we designed and constructed new microdialysis probe in order to improve the efficacy and accuracy of microdialysis method. In addition, extracellular concentrations of GABA, glutamate, aspartate and glycine were monitored with new designed probe in the lateral portion of the ventrocaudal periaqueductal gray using unanesthetized and unrestrained rats. Furthermore, the effect of opiates on release of these amino acids, especially GABA, was analyzed by measuring their concentration in PAG dialysates following veratridine administration in the presence of systemic morphine. The results were summerized as follow : 1. The damaging rates of 1.0mm or 1.5mm window probe were 12.5% or 42.8%, respectively. In the group using 1.5mm window probe, the damaging area was extended into mesencephalic aqueduct because of microdialyzing pressure. 2. Because of the unique design of our probes with an opening facing one side, dialysis occurs in a hemisphere($600{\mu}m$ in mediolateral direction and $100{\mu}m$ in opposite side of the dialysis probe) around the opening rather than in a spherical shaped configuration which is typical of most commercially available probe designs. 3. Glutamate, taurine and glycine were present in the highest concentration in the dialysate sample obtained before treatment with veratridine, whereas, aspartate and GABA were present in the lowest concentration. 4. The concentration of all 5 amino acids increased significantly following $75{\mu}m$ veratridine perfusion into lateral ventrocaudal PAG. 5. There was no significant difference between basal and peak amino acid concentrations according to window sizes. 6. Morphine had no effect on baseline concentrations of amino acids in dialysates obtained from the lateral PAG as compared to saline treated controls. However, following veratridine treatment, morphine selectively affected GABA release in the lateral ventrocaudal PAG as compared to saline treated controls. These results suggest that GABAergic interneurons in the PAG are inhibited by opioids. Therefore, endogenous enkephalins or endorphins may directly inhibit intrinsic GABAergic intemeurons and block their tonic inhibition of PAG-NMR projection neurons. Moreover, new designed probes demonstrate improved efficiency and accuracy in collecting samples as compared to commercial types of microdialysis probes.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2018

The digital convergence looking for new ways to engage visitors by superimposing virtual content on projection over the real world captured media contents. This paper propose the Light ID based interactive 3D immersive exhibition things view using HMD AR technology. This approach does not required to add any additional infrastructure to be built-in to enable service and uses the installed Lighting or displays devices in the exhibit area. In this approach, the Light ID can be used as a Location Identifier and communication medium to access the content unlike the QR Tag which supports provide the download information through web interface. This utilize the advantages of camera based optical wireless communication (OWC) to receive the media content on smart device to deliver immersive 3D content visualization using AR. The proposed exhibition method is emulated on GALAXY S8 smart phone and the visual performance is evaluated for Jeonju Hanok Village. The experimental results shows that the proposed method can give immersive 3D view for exhibit things in real-time.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.257-261
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• 2000

Integumentary system of the polychaete, Perinezeis aibuhitensis was consisted cuticular, epidermal and dermal layers. Excretory pores opened in cuticular layer, which is covered with epicuticular projections. The hemidesmosomes were observed between supporting cell and basal area of cuticular layer. The epidermal layer was consisted supporting cells and unicellular glands. Supporting cell was relatively larger than the other neighbouring cells, and the nucleus had one to two nucleolus. Cytoplasm of the supporting cell had well-developed intracellular organs such as tonofilaments, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula, free ribosomes and pigment granules of electron dense. The gland cells were reacted with blue in AB-PAS, and classified into the three types such as ${\alpha},\;{\beta}\;and\;{\gamma}$ from the transmission electron microscopic observation. Type ${\alpha}$ gland cell was ovoid and the cytoplasm had well-developed tonofilaments and membrane bounded secretory granules of $0.8{\~}1.5 {\mu}m$ in diameter. Type ${\beta}$ gland cell had a large vacuole and secretory granules of $0.5{\~}0.8 {\mu}m$, which scattered evenly in the cytoplasm. Type ${\gamma}$ gland cell had well-developed endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi auparatus and secretory granules of $0.2{\~}0.3 {\mu}m$ in diameter. The electron density of this granules was the highest among the granules.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2012

To predict the future distribution of forest vegetation, the present forest stand distributions of South Korea were represented by multinomial logit model with the following environmental variables: summer average precipitation, the coldest month average temperature, elevation, degree of base saturation, and soil organic matter. The future forest community was predicted by applying the MIROC3.2 hires A1B scenario. The future climate data were downscaled by statistically method. The coldest month average temperature increased $4.4^{\circ}C$, $6.0^{\circ}C$, and $9.4^{\circ}C$, and 3 months average precipitation changed -1.2%, 5.7%, and 5.3% for 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s respectively. For the projected summer precipitation and the coldest temperature, the future deciduous and mixed forests in the study area increased 56.9% and 8.3% and the coniferous forest decreased 11.2% in 2080s based on present.