• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.137-143
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• 2013

The high resolution satellite images are used in many fields such as weather observation, remote sensing, military facilities monitoring, cultural properties protection etc. Although satellite images are obtained in same satellite imaging system, the satellite images are degraded depending on the condition of hardware(optical device, satellite operation altitude, image sensor, etc.). Due to the fact that changing the hardware of satellite imaging system is impossible for resolution enhancement of these degraded satellite after launching a satellite, therefore the method of resolution enhancement with satellite images is necessary. In this paper the resolution is enhances by using a Super Resolution(SR) algorithm. The SR algorithm is an algorithm to enhance the resolution of an image by uniting many low resolution images, so an output image has higher resolution than using other interpolation methods. But It is difficult to obtain many images of the same area. Therefore, to solve this problem, we applied SR after by applying the affine and projection transform. As a results, we found that the images applied SR after affine and projection transform have higher resolution than the images only applied SR.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship between ultraviolet radiation and initial cell density (ICD) of microalgae using a floating marine photobioreactor (PBR). To examine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight on biomass productivity as a function of ICD, 0.5-L floating PBRs covered with or without UV cut-off film were placed in an outdoor rectangular tank containing 200 L of water. At the lower ICDs, 0.01 and 0.05 g/L, biomass productivities in the PBRs without UV cut-off film decreased by $278{\pm}21%$ and $222{\pm}3%$ compared with those with the film, respectively. In contrast, the presence of UV cut-off film did not have a significant effect on biomass productivities at the higher ICDs, 0.25 and 1.25 g/L. When the differences in biomass productivity made by the UV cut-off film were plotted against the sum of cell projection area per light receiving area of the PBR, the results revealed that the inhibitory effect of UV on biomass productivity can be negligible when the sum of cell projection area is equal to the light receiving area of the PBR. These results show that photoinhibition caused by UV radiation could be eliminated via operating the PBR with a proper ICD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.393-398
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• 2004

It is transformed map data of different coordinate system into unique system and We triedto make topographic map on non-accessible area. We transformed Russian map coordinates(Krassovsky, G-K projection) intoWGS-84, TM projection and assessed accuracy. The RMSE(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$13.67m, in North and South bearings ： ${\pm}$14.67m) using only SCP(Survey Control Point) is more accurate than that(in East and West bearings ： ${\pm}$24.26m, in North and South bearings : ${\pm}$25.32m) using SCP, intersection of road, bridge. Exterior orientation parameters are estimated using rigorous modelling and GCPs are classified with SCP, intersection of road, bridge. Rigorous modelling is performed with each classified GCP. The modelling result usingonly SCP(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$13.53m, in North and South bearings ： ${\pm}$14.22m) is more accurate than that using intersection of road(in East and West bearings ： ${\pm}$16.l1m, in North and South bearings： ${\pm}$23.85m), bridge(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$17.21m, in North and South bearings : ${\pm}$21.82m). The results means that SCP is more accurate than intersection of road, bridge because of edit to generate map. therefore, SCP is suitable for object of GCP in paper map(1:50,000). Geographic information on non-accessible area and analysis is performed. The results of stereoscopic plotting is well matched old map data on road, railroad but, many objects are generally editted. It is possible to update on new objects(building, tributary ‥‥etc). Ability of description using SPOT-5(stereo) is more than features and items included in 1:50,000 topographic map. Therefore, it is possible to make large scale map than 1:50,000 topographic map using SPOT-5 imagery. But, there are many problems(accurate GCPs, obtain of high resolution stereoscopic satellite imagery in a period ‥‥ etc) to make topographic map on non-accessible area. It is actually difficult to solve these problems. therefore, it is possible to update 1:50,000 topographic map in part of topographic map generation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1981

This study was undertaken to observe the histologic changes of surrounding maxillary sutures to the widening of midpalatal suture, using two adult dogs, weighing about 10 kg, for experimental, and one for control group. After widening of the midpalatal suture with expansion screw for ten days was performed, and followed by sacrifice of experimental animals. Tissues were excised from 5 surrounding maxillary suture portions such as, internasal, interfrontal, midsagittal, zygomatrco-temporal, and midpalatal sutures. After that, the specimens were fixed and decalcified in $10\%$ formalin sol. and $5\%$ nitric acid. Embedding in paraffin and serial sections at a thickness of 5 micron was done, After Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and light microscopic examination, Following results were obtained: 1. In midpalatal suture area, which showed most prominent histologic change, High degree of fibronlastic and osteoblastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae with osteoid tissue projection into the fibrous connective tissue were observed. 2. In interfrontal suture area, moderate degree of fibroblastic and osteoblastic proliferation was observed. 3. In internasal suture area, active osteoblastic and osteoclastic proliferation lining the bony trabeculae was observed, and separation of fibrous connective tissue was also observed. 4. In midsagittal and zygomatico-temporal suture areas, no histologic changes can be observed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.501-509
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• 2004

Unipolar diffusion charging of non-spherical particles was investigated for various particle shapes. We researched with TiO$_2$agglomerates produced by the thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor. TTIP was converted into TiO$_2$, in the furnace reactor and was subsequently introduced into the sintering furnace. Increasing the temperature in the sintering furnace, aggregates were restructured into higher fractal dimensions. The aggregates were classified according to their mobility using a differential mobility analyzer. The projection area and the mass fractal dimension of particles were measured with an image processing technique performed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph. The selected aggregates were charged by the indirect photoelectric-charger and the average number of charges per particle was measured by an aerosol electrometer and a condensation particle counter. For the particles of same mobility diameter, our results showed that the particle charge quantity decreases as the sintering temperature increases. This result is understandable because particles with lower fractal dimension have larger capacitance and geometric surface area.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 1983

The structures of oak stands were studied in relation to their productivity. Three plots classified by the site quality following to altitude, were selected on the oak stand located at Naryongri Eunsanmyun Buyeogun. The site qualities of the stand studied were generally estimated to be moderate in respect to some soil physical and chemical properties. Quercus variabilis was dominant species in the vegetation composition of the stand studied. The crown densities of the stand were varied from 65.4% in plot I to 78.2% in plot III and the parts, occupied with oak trees, ranged from 44.4% in plot I to 65.9% in plot III in the density. In the contrast to crown density, the growing stocks of oak trees ranged from $3.937m^3$ in plot I (73.4% of plot total) to $2.075m^3$ in plot III (84.3% of plot total). The occupied ratios, measured by crown class, exhibited dissimilarity between crown projection area and volume, and also the ratios brought into different patterns by plot. Highly significant correlations were proved between crown projection areas and volumes of individual oak trees by plot, but not proved in the relations by crown class. The cumulative growth, current annual increment and mean annual increment displayed various patterns by plot and by crown class in the heights, D. B. H. s and volumes of oak trees. The maximum values of current annual increment of height were generally recorded in 10 to 20 years, earlier than those of D. B. H. The mean annual increment of height, D. B. H. and volume maintained similar levels after about 10 years and fluctuated irregularly. The crown projection area and volume following to thinning decreased in the order of the thinning methods of grade A < grade B < crown thinning$90m^3/ha$ in about 40 years in the productivity of volume of the oak stand studied.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3D
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• pp.417-422
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• 2008

With standard orthorectification algorithms, one can produce unacceptable structure duplication in the orthophoto due to the double projection. Because of the abrupt height differences, such structure duplication is a frequently occurred phenomenon in the dense urban area which includes multi-history buildings. Therefore, occlusion area detection especially for the urban area is a critical issue in generation of true orthophoto. This paper deals with occlusion area detection with visible height based approach from aerial imagery and LiDAR. In order to accomplish this, a grid format DSM is produced from the point clouds of LiDAR. Next, visible height based algorithm is proposed to detect the occlusion area for each camera exposure station with DSM. Finally, generation of true orthophoto is presented with DSM and previously produced occlusion maps. The proposed algorithms are applied in the Purdue campus, Indiana, USA.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2017

Recently, many nations are operating and developing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Also, Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS), which uses the geostationary orbit, is operated presently in order to improve the performance of GNSS. The most widely-used SBAS is Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) of GPS developed by the United States. SBAS uses various algorithms to offer guaranteed accuracy, availability, continuity and integrity to its users. There is algorithm for guarantees the integrity of the satellite. This algorithm calculates the satellite errors, generates the correction and provides it to the users. The satellite orbit errors are calculated in three-dimensional space in this step. The reference placement is crucial for this three-dimensional calculation of satellite orbit errors. The wider the reference placement becomes, the wider LOS vectors spread, so the more the accuracy improves. For the next step, the regional features of the US and Korea need to be analyzed. Korea has a very narrow geographic features compared to the US. Hence, there may be a problem if the three-dimensional space method of satellite orbit error calculation is used without any modification. This paper suggests a method which uses scalar values to calculate satellite orbit errors instead of using three-dimensional space. Also, this paper proposes the feasibility for this method for a narrow area. The suggested method uses the scalar value, which is a projection of orbit errors on the LOS vector between a reference and a satellite. This method confirms the change in errors according to the baseline distance between Korea and America. The difference in the error change is compared to present the feasibility of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.443-453
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• 2006

Using seismic profiles obtained in the Antarctic Peninsula continental margin around Smith Island located at the southwestern end of the South Shetland Islands, we investigated sediments distribution, sedimentation, continental shelf formation, and tectonic evolution history. The study area is a very unique area that has two tectonic provinces with a tectonic boundary near Smith Island just the landward projection of the Hero Fracture Zone (HFZ). To the southwest of the Island, the margin became inactive margin after the collision of the ridge crest of the Antarctic-Phoenix ridge and trench, whereas to the northeast the margin is still apparently active margin with the spreading center and trench morphology in the sea. Generally the northeastern margin has the shelf sedimentary basins wth thick sedimentary layers, well-developed forearc basin, broad continental slope and distinct trench morphology, and the southwestern margin is characterized by steep and narrow continental slope and localized shelf basins. the mid-shelf basement high structures are distinct in the southwestern margin, which are thought to be formed by thermal effect caused by the subducted spreading centers. The high is observed in the area just northeast of the Island, implying that the tectonic boundary along the landward projection of the HFZ is not sharply defined.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2015

In 2014, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed to submit the Intended Nationality Determined Contributions (INDCs) at the conference of parties held in Lima, Peru. Then, the South Korean government submitted the INDCs including GHGs reduction target and reduction potential on July, 2015. The goal of this study is to predict GHGs emission and to analyze reduction potential in agricultural sector of Korea. Activity data to estimate GHGs emission was forecast by Korea Agricultural Simulation Model (KASMO) of Korea Rural Economic Institute and estimate methodology was taken by the IPCC and guideline for MRV (Measurement, Reporting and Verification) of national greenhouse gases statistics of Korea. The predicted GHGs emission of agricultural sectors from 2021 to 2030 tended to decrease due to decline in crop production and its gap was less after 2025. Increasing livestock numbers such as sheep, horses, swine, and ducks did not show signigicant impact the total GHGs emission. On a analysis of the reduction potential, GHGs emission was expected to reduce $253Gg\;CO_{2-eq}$. by 2030 with increase of mid-season water drainage area up to 95% of total rice cultivation area. The GHGs reduction potential with intermittent drainage technology applied to 10% of the tatal paddy field area, mid-drainage and no organic matter would be $92Gg\;CO_{2-eq}$. by 2030.