• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6059-6064
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Malaysia. Nevertheless, there is little information on treatment and outcomes nationally. We aimed to determine the demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of colorectal cancer patients treated at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) as part of a larger project on survival and quality of life outcomes. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 1,212 patients undergoing treatment in UMMC between January 2001 and December 2010 were reviewed. A retrospective-prospective cohort study design was used. Research tools included the National Cancer Patient Registration form. Statistical analysis included means, standard deviations (SD), proportions, chi square, t-test/ANOVA. P-value significance was set at 0.05. Results: The male: female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age was 62.1 (SD12.4) years. Patients were predominantly Chinese (67%), then Malays (18%), Indians (13%) and others (2%). Malays were younger than Chinese and Indians (mean age 57 versus 62 versus 62 years, p<0.001). More females (56%) had colon cancers compared to males (44%) (p=0.022). Malays (57%) had more rectal cancer compared to Chinese (45%) and Indians (49%) (p=0.004). Dukes' stage data weres available in 67%, with Dukes' C and D accounting for 64%. Stage was not affected by age, gender, ethnicity or tumor site. Treatment modalities included surgery alone (40%), surgery and chemo/radiotherapy 32%, chemo and radiotherapy (8%) and others (20%). Conclusions: Significant ethnic differences in age and site distribution, if verified in population-based settings, would support implementation of preventive measures targeting those with the greatest need, at the right age.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2005

This study describes data from determination of the optimum mix proportion and site application of the mass concrete placed in bottom slab and side wall having a large depth and section as main structures of LNG in-ground tank. This concrete requires low heat hydration, excellent balance between workability and consistency because concreting work of LNG in-ground tank is usually classified by under-pumping, adaptation of longer vertical and horizontal pumping line than ordinary pumping condition. For this purpose, low heat Portland cement and lime stone powder as cementitious materials are selected and design factors including unit cement and water content, water-binder ratio, fine aggregate ratio and adiabatic temperature rising are tested in the laboratory and batch plant. As experimental results, the optimum unit cement and water content are selected under $270kg/m^3$ and $l55{\~}l60 kg/m^3$ separately to control adiabatic temperature rising below $30^{\circ}C$ and to improve properties of the fresh and hardened concrete. Also, considering test results of the confined water ratio($\beta$p) and deformable coefficient(Ep), $30\%$ of lime stone powder by cement weight is selected as the optimum replacement ratio. After mix proportions of 5cases are tested and compared the adiabatic temperature rising($Q^{\infty}$, r), tensile and compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, teases satisfied with the required performances are chosen as the optimum mix design proportions of the side wall and bottom slab concrete. $Q^{\infty}$ and r are proved smaller than those of another project. Before application in the site, properties of the fresh concrete and actual mixing time by its ampere load are checked in the batch plant. Based on the results of this study, the optimum mix proportions of the massive concrete are applied successfully to the bottom slab and side wall in LNG in-ground tank.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2016

The playgrounds installed in the city try a variety of changes in play equipment more than traditional playgrounds, these playgrounds with formal rides are still different from nature friendly playground. For this reason, when in 2014 the department of environment pushed forward 'Aitteulag' project constructing ecological playground, the department aimed to provide the natural ecological spaces that are insufficient in the city and act as play space for children, leisure and community space for residents. Therefore, after inspecting 10 ecological playgrounds in Europe and Japan, in this study we suggested the construction guidelines of ideal ecological playground by comparing and analyzing these cases. We checked the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 2 fields (playground component, ecological program) based on the ecological playground guidelines presented by the ministry of environment. The playground components are classified as siting location, spatial configurations, natural elements, play area, amusement facilities, play materials, open spaces, additional facilities. The ecological programs are divided into habitat, species, natural material, five senses. The following is the summary of the results about the reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. In terms of "habitat": bush and shade wood were highest at 95%. In terms of "species": local indigene(100%) and habitat for insects(95%) were higher than others. In terms of "natural material": wood(61.1%) was the highest. In terms of "details of wood(61.1%)": wood fence (95%), exploring wood and using sticks(85%) were higher than others. In terms of "five senses": hearing (32.1%), tactile(26.4%), and visual(23.9%) were in order. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning factors that should be considered and complemented more in the construction of domestic urban ecological playground in future.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.151-175
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• 1999

This study develops principles for determining and managing costs applicable to grants and cooperative agreements for basic research. We investigated financial management policies of funding agencies and foundations in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Japan and Korea. Also we surveyed opinions of researchers and research fund administrators in Korean universities. Based on our review of funding agencies and our survey, the recommended management policies for grants and cooperative agreements are as follows: (1) Cost Structure. Cost of a sponsored agreement is comprised of the allowable direct costs and allocable portion of the allowable indirect costs. Direct costs can be further divided into salaries and wages, equipment, and other direct costs. (2) Salaries and Wages. Salaries and wages applied to a grant are paid for services rendered to the project during the period of performance of the particular agreement. In order to give researchers financial incentive, researcher allowance can be paid up to 30% of his/her regular salary. (3) Equipment. Any property purchased with grants which has an acquisition cost of 5,000,000 won or more per item and a normal life expectancy of two years or more is defined as equipment. Expenditures for special purpose equipment are allowable provided the acquisition of items is necessary for the research supported by the grant. (4) Other Direct Costs. Other direct costs are comprised of travel (both domestic and foreign), materials, other costs. Other costs may not exceed 30% of total other direct costs. (5) Indirect Costs. Since there is no clear consensus on indirect costs and additional budget is necessary to support actual indirect costs, the practical policy at the moment is to give a research support expense in lieu of indirect costs. In the future, however, some form of actual indirect costs should be supported. This study develops principles for determining and managing costs applicable to grants and cooperative agreements funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology. This research can be applied to other governmental agencies to give consistency and uniformity in administration of grants and cooperative agreements.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2020

In this study, we developed an allocation optimization system for supply chain management in the shipbuilding and offshore construction industry. Supply chain operation is a way of operating manufacturing company responsible for the procurement of outfitting parts. The method about how to allocate the manufacturing volume to each partner company includes important decisions. According to the allocation method, the stability of the material supplied to the final installation process is guaranteed. We improved the allocation method that was previously decided by the person in charge. Based on the optimization engine, a system is developed that can automatically allocate the production volume. For optimization model configuration, factors affecting the volume allocation were analyzed and modeled as constraint factors. A target function is defined to minimize the difference in the load variance of each partner company. In order to use the same type of volume allocation engine for various outfitting products, the amount of work done by the partner company was standardized. We developed an engine that can allocate the same production load of each production partner. Using this engine, the operating system was developed and applied to the actual offshore project. It has been confirmed that the work load variance of suppliers can be maintained uniformly using the optimization engine rather than manual method. By this system, we stabilize the manufacturing process of partner suppliers.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

This study analyzes the material characteristics of stone tools of the Paleolithic period excavated from the Osong site, located at the project site for the creation of the Osong 2nd Life Science Complex, and estimates the provenance of the stone materials. Because the stones had been buried for a long time, their surfaces had become heavily weathered yellow or yellowish-brown, and the magnetic susceptibility values varied from 0 to 15(${\times}10^{-3}SI$). The excavated stone tools were rocks with various magnetic susceptibility values that could not be specified. Five stone tools subjected to destructive analysis were divided into two groups, one with a value of 1-3(${\times}10^{-3}SI$) and the other with a value of 5-9(${\times}10^{-3}SI$), both based on visible characteristics. The results of the thin-section analysis showed that most of the stone tools were basaltic rocks comprising plagioclase, quartz, and pyroxene, and some had iron content as high as 20 wt.%. These findings and the present geological map suggest that the stone tools were not made from the surrounding rocks because there are no areas containing basaltic rocks surrounding Bongsan-ri in Osong-eup. Andesite and tuff are distributed along with basaltic rocks in the Doan-myeon area in Jeongpyeong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, but the distance from the excavation site is too far. To determine whether this region is actually related to the provenance of the raw rock, it is necessary to conduct additional field surveys and comprehensive and precise analyses.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2019

한국 고유의 목조건축형태인 한옥을 현대 공법 및 재료 등의 기술의 적용을 통해 품질과 시공성을 향상시키고, 다양한 규모와 시설을 포괄한 신한옥의 형태로 보급 확산하려는 노력이 계속되어 왔다. 본 연구는 신한옥 표준분류체계(Hanclass) 적용을 통해 구축된, 일곱 개의 실증구축사업 사업비 정보를 분석하여 신한옥 공법변화의 추세와 함께 이에 따른 공사비 변화를 고찰하였다. 우선, 일곱 개 실증구축사례의 공법 특징을 분석하고, 이를 공종분류, 재료분류, 공법분류, 부위분류를 분석의 기준으로 설정하여 공사비에 끼치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 사례 프로젝트들에서의 공법 변화 주요 영향요인들을 항목화하고 연계된 비용변화를 정량화함으로써 향후 지속적인 공법과 비용간의 관계를 관찰하기 위한 기본 구조를 작성하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 지속적으로 개발되고 있는 신한옥의 신공법의 추세를 체계적으로 파악하고 또한 발전방향의 가이드를 할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the five senses activities involving food ingredients on the eating behavior of infants. The study was carried out four times over 6 months. We surveyed 65 nursery school infants and teachers who were registered at the 2020 Guro-gu Center for Children's Food Service Management in Seoul. They participated in the five senses education specialization project. The results of the study showed that the scores relating to unbalanced diet, hygiene management, dietary attitude, and dietary manners were visibly higher than those before participating in the five senses educational activities. In addition, there was a significant difference in the perception of the food ingredients used in the five senses education activities. Finally, as a result of investigating the types of education used before, during, and after the five senses education activities, and the need for education by type, cooking activities were observed to rank higher than other activities in all questions. Based on this, if dietary guidance is provided through a variety of five senses education activities over a long period rather than as a one-time event, it will be beneficial to the children's healthy eating habits.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.251-266
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• 2022

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of critical infrastructure comprises a major pillar of maintenance management, shielding public safety and economic sustainability. Although SHM is usually associated with data-driven metrics and thresholds, expert judgement is essential, especially in cases where erroneous predictions can bear casualties or substantial economic loss. Considering that visual inspections are time consuming and potentially subjective, artificial-intelligence tools may be leveraged in order to minimize the inspection effort and provide objective outcomes. In this context, timely detection of sensor malfunctioning is crucial in preventing inaccurate assessment and false alarms. The present work introduces a sensor-fault detection and interpretation framework, based on the well-established support-vector machine scheme for anomaly detection, combined with a coalitional game-theory approach. The proposed framework is implemented in two datasets, provided along the 1st International Project Competition for Structural Health Monitoring (IPC-SHM 2020), comprising acceleration and cable-load measurements from two real cable-stayed bridges. The results demonstrate good predictive performance and highlight the potential for seamless adaption of the algorithm to intrinsically different data domains. For the first time, the term "decision trajectories", originating from the field of cognitive sciences, is introduced and applied in the context of SHM. This provides an intuitive and comprehensive illustration of the impact of individual features, along with an elaboration on feature dependencies that drive individual model predictions. Overall, the proposed framework provides an easy-to-train, application-agnostic and interpretable anomaly detector, which can be integrated into the preprocessing part of various SHM and condition-monitoring applications, offering a first screening of the sensor health prior to further analysis.

• 청정기술
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2010

본 논문은 생태효율성 지표 작성을 통하여 여수산업단지(여수산단) 지표를 개발하였다. 여수산단 매출의 경우 원화의 가치와 원부원료의 수출입 원가 변동 폭이 큰 관계로 제품의 가치(기능)에서 제외하고 대신 총 생산액, 에틸렌 생산량, 경질유 생산량으로 제품의 기능 부문을 구성하고, 환경부하로서는 현재 공식적으로 입수 가능한 자료인 전력 소모량, 용수 사용량 및 폐수 배출량을 사용하였다. 2004년을 기준으로 할 때 2006년의 환경경제효율 지수를 계산한 결과 0.954로 지수가 나빠졌으나, 여수산단의 생태산업단지사업이 성공할 경우 2015년에는 지수가 1.153으로 약 15% 정도 개선될 것으로 예측되었다.