• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.476-483
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• 2008

This paper is aimed at presenting techniques of hybrid differential evolution for solving various kinds of Economic Dispatch(ED) problems such as those including prohibited zones, emission dispatch, multiple fuels, and multiple areas. The results obtained for typical problems are compared with those obtained by other techniques such as Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) and Classical Evolutionary Programming(CEP) techniques. The comparison of the results proves that hybrid differential evolution is quite favorable for solving ED problems with no restrictions on the shapes of the input-output functions of the generator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2017

The Maritime Safety Act established restrictions for the passage of oil tankers, prohibiting vessesl carrying more than 1,500 kiloliters of oil or 1,500 tons of a hazardous liquid substance. Prohibited vessels that do not satisfy the restrictions are allowed to enter and depart from a nearby port from the outer sea area to minimize the time and distance the oil tanker must navigate in the prohibited area. Therefore, such regulation should not be construed as referring to inshore traffic. In this study, the traffic volume of coastal tankers that do not use the approaching channels for specific sea areas near Yeosu and Gwangyang Port was analyzed, and the cargo loads of these ships were investigated. The results of this study should be used to allow tankers to minimize the time and distance of navigation in prohibited areas. According to the survey, 16 vessels, 51.6 % of the 31 vessels using inshore traffic included in the study, were loaded with more than 1,500 tons of cargo. This is not appropriate according to the legislation for oil tanker passage. Therefore, in this study, sea routes have been proposed that connect with the approaching channels of specific sea areas, from the outer sea areas of restricted passages. Regulations have also been proposed for the entry and departure of oil tankers around Yeosu and Gwangyang Port.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.767-774
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• 2017

Maritime traffic safety audits (MTSA) were enacted in order to ensure marine traffic safety throughout changes or the construction of water facilities, port facilities, etc. After the introduction of MTSA, the scope of subject vessels was restricted to an LOA of more than 100 m or a maximum speed of more than 60 knots as of 2014. In this study, the scope of subject vessels was re-examined in comparison with specific marine traffic safety areas and tanker prohibited areas identified in the maritime safety act. Furthermore, the state of subject vessels and exception cases for MTSA were also analyzed. As a result of these analyses, MTSA were deemed necessary for dangerous goods carriers of more than 1,000 G/T in specific marine traffic safety areas and dangerous goods carriers of more than 794 G/T in tanker prohibited areas. Finally, the necessity of further review was suggested given the present scope of subject vessels.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-90
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• 1999

The Korean airspace is very much limited, but its users are many. Especially many special using airspaces for military aircraft are formulated within the Taegu Flight Information Region and it is so restricted for civil aircraft to use the military airspaces. However, as the demand of civil air traffic is increasing, positive cooperation among the users of the airspace is needed to cope with the demand and to uplift the utilitation of the Korean airspace. Most of airspace except airways within the FIR are restricted areas, prohibited areas or operation areas for the military purpose. This thesis shows how to improve the utilitation of the Korean airspace and how much economical benefit the suggestion gives.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.57-67
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• 1996

More than 130,000 residents are dwelling in 550 villages or residential areas covering 100K$m^2$ in the twenty national parks of Korea. Building new houses, additions, reconstruction, and certain kinds of land uses are prohibited in the residential areas of the national parks. Residents and park officials were interviewed and surveyed to discover problems and to suggest new management policies. Two of the mountain region national parks were studied, and the results are : First, it is recommended to amend the National Parks Act in order to list explicitly those facilities allowed in residential areas. Also the Act should enalble residential area management planning. The Residential area survey period should be shortened to 5 years instead local governments and the National Parks Authority offices. It is recommended that the NPA offices take over this responsibility completely. Thirds, some residential areas are better off to be excluded from the parks and the Boundaries of many residential areas are inappropriate and need to be adjusted. Fourth, as the number of visitors increase rapidly, the residential areas serve as tourist centers. The "Ecotourism" concept is to be introduced so that the residents can take part in ecotourism promotion. Fifth, the residents should be and well informed of residential area management policies and regulations.gulations.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2010

With increased chemical and economic development activities in upstream areas, the amounts of pollutants released have increased, and as such, so has the need for positive management of water supply source areas. Although more than 90% of the water supply sources in Korea depend on direct intake from surface water, the interest in indirect intake, such as riverbank filtration water, has recently risen, with some local governments currently undertaking indirect intake. Even in cases of indirect intake, water supply source protection zones need to be assigned for the comprehensive control of pollutants. To establish water quality protection zones for indirect intake, the scope of the protection zones needed to reflect the hydrological features of the water-bearing deposits of each site. Water source protection areas were estimated and presented as the 1st (within a 100 m radius from an intake well) and 2nd (within a 2 km radius from an intake well) zones. The 1st zone was more sensitive; hence, the installation of various facilities should be prohibited, and the area should be regarded as off-limits. For the 2nd zone, appropriate management should prohibit and restrict activities already present in the water source protection zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2004

Purpose: The aim of the study is to provide information about selecting school sites for new schools in congested urban areas and to propose a method to manage harmful environments around primary and secondary schools. Method: Four schools were selected around Gilum New Town and Ilsan City. The problems were identified by counting the businesses classified as harmful and prohibited in a school zone through surveying, collecting reports from relevant sources, and asking questions of authorities in school districts. Results: It was found that many harmful businesses prohibited by the Law of School Health were present in the safe zone of schools in both Ilsan city and Gilum New Town. The school site of Bohyun Elementary School was classified as poor because there was a steep ascent at the entrance and the school was surrounded by a dangerous, steep boundary. We suggested that an education and environment assessment system by completed before the school site was selected. Conclusion: There is a urgent need to improve the approval and permission process of harmful businesses as well as regulatory standards of school site selection in the light of the shortage of land.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.256-266
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• 2016

Concurrently detected and annotated abnormal events can have a significant impact on surveillance systems. By considering the specific domain of pedestrian trajectories, this paper presents two main contributions. First, as introduced in much of the work on trajectory-based anomaly detection in the literature, only information about pedestrian paths, such as direction and speed, is considered. Differing from previous work, this paper proposes a framework that deals with additional types of trajectory-based anomalies. These abnormal events take places when a person enters prohibited areas. Those restricted regions are constructed by an online learning algorithm that uses surrounding information, including detected pedestrians and background scenes. Second, a simple data-boosting technique is introduced to overcome a lack of training data; such a problem particularly challenges all previous work, owing to the significantly low frequency of abnormal events. This technique only requires normal trajectories and fundamental information about scenes to increase the amount of training data for both normal and abnormal trajectories. With the increased amount of training data, the conventional abnormal trajectory classifier is able to achieve better prediction accuracy without falling into the over-fitting problem caused by complex learning models. Finally, the proposed framework (which annotates tracks that enter prohibited areas) and a conventional abnormal trajectory detector (using the data-boosting technique) are integrated to form a united detector. Such a detector deals with different types of anomalous trajectories in a hierarchical order. The experimental results show that all proposed detectors can effectively detect anomalous trajectories in the test phase.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2D
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

One of the traffic problems has been caused by the illegal parking because of the lack of parking space. Especially, the illegal occupancy of the road near an intersection makes an serious reduction of road capacity. The current illegal parking and stop-prohibited areas have been designated for less than 5 meters from the edge or the corner of the 4-leg intersection. However, in reality, the cars parked at the place over 5 meters have had a significant impact on the intersection traffic. In addition, many variables such as intersection type, size, and service levels should be considered as factors which influence on the traffic condition at the intersection. It was assumed that through and right-turn traffic rate have a significant impact on the 4-leg intersection with the illegal parking or stop near it. This study tried to verify the impact through the simulation implementation with MOE and LOS. It shows a guideline to designate the parking or stop-prohibited area near the 4-leg intersection under various traffic conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-168
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• 2018

An amendment to Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act came into effect December 10, 2015. The Act prohibits flying drones over residential areas or areas surrounding an airport without permission from the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation. Flying drones during night time and during an event is also prohibited. The term "UAV" or "UA" means any aeroplane, rotorcraft, glider or airship which cannot accommodate any person on board and can be remotely or automatically piloted (Excluding those lighter than a certain weight (200 grams). Any person who intends to operate a UAV is required to follow the operational conditions listed below, unless approved by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; (i) Operation of UAVs in the daytime, (ii) Operation of UAVs within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS), (iii) Maintenance of a certain operating distance between UAVs and persons or properties on the ground/water surface, (iv) Do not operate UAVs over event sites where many people gather, (v) Do not transport hazardous materials such as explosives by UAV, (vi) Do not drop any objects from UAVs. Requirements stated in "Airspace in which Flights are Prohibited" and "Operational Limitations" are not applied to flights for search and rescue operations by public organizations in case of accidents and disasters. This paper analyzes some issues as to regulations of UAVs in Korean Aviation Safety Act by comparing the regulations of UAVs in Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act. This paper, also, offers some implications and suggestions for regulations of UAVs under Korean Aviation Safety Act.