• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2003

Objectives: The best treatment for the malignant parotid tumor still remains to be defined, and a better knowledge about the tumor features that predict the treatment result is needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes and to suggest the optimal treatment modality for the parotid cancer. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of 113 patients who were treated for parotid cancer from January 1990 to December 2002 were retrospectively analysed. Univalate analyses were performed to establish the prognostic influence of pateint age, gender, tumor size, histologic grade and lymph node metastasis. Results: The mean age was 46.4 years old (15-81 years) and. The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.1. The chief complaint was a palpable mass in 85%, pain was in 12.4% and facial nerve palsy was accompanied with 2.7%. The mean tumor size was 3.5cm in diameter. The most common malignant tumor was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (33.6%), followed by acinic cell carcinoma (15%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (11%), carcinoma expleomorhpic adenoma (11%), basal cell carcinoma (7%). The most common operative procedure was total parotidectomy (47.8%) and various types of cervical lymph node dissection were added in 69.9%. Postoperative radiotherapy was done in 61.1 %. Postoperative complications developed in 54 cases (47.8%), including 46 cases (40.7%) of facial nerve palsy and 9 cases (8%) of Frey's syndrome. Recurrences developed in 21 cases (18.6%) and deaths in 15 (13.3%). Cumulative survival at 5 year was 75.4%. Univariate analysis of clinical factors showed that histologic grade and positive cervical lymph node significantly influenced survival (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggests that the radical resection with lymph node dissection and postopertaive XRT would be necessary to improve the survival of the patients with high grade cancer or positive lymphnode metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2008

Purpose：To know the results after induction chemotherapy followed by curative radiation therapy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer Methods and Materials：From August 1990 to December 2003, forty patients who were treated with induction chemotherapy and curative radiation therapy were analyzed retrospectively. Median age of patients was 60 years(range：40-78 years) and clinical stage was wholly stage 3 or 4. Induction chemotherapy used cisplatin with 5-FU or docetaxel, and its interval was 3 weeks. Irradiated radiation dose was 70 to 78Gy (median：70.8Gy). Results：Median follow-up time was 39.4 months(range：8-115 months). Treatment failures were observed in 52.5% patients, and main failure pattern was local recurrence in 16 patients. 3 and 5 year disease free survival were 52.6%, 48.2% respectively and values of overall survival were 60.0, 43.9% and median survival time was 44.7 months. Treatment response was only a prognostic factor for survival. Laryngeal preservation was observed in twenty-four(60.0%) patients. Conclusion：Initial primary tumor stage was a significant prognostic factor for laryngeal preservation, and response after radiation therapy was a prognostic factor for long-term survival after induction chemotherapy followed by curative radiation therapy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2014

Background and Objectives : To investigate the prognostic factors and effectiveness of radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer. Material and Methods : Forty seven patients in oropharyngeal cancer treated with radiotherapy between November 1989 and October 2010. Conventional radiotherapy was performed until July 2007 and conformal radiotherapy was performed since August 2007. Median age of patients was 59. Thirty five patients were males. Nine patients had operation. Patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy were delivered median 60 Gy and patients treated with definitive radiotherapy were delivered median 66 Gy. Median follow-up periods were 51 months. Results : Two year and 5 year overall survival rate was 78.7% and 59.9%. Two year and 5-year locoregional recurrence free survival rate was 82.3% and 72.9%. In subgroup of definitive radiotherapy, at univariate analysis for overall survival, lower N stage(p=0.01), lower stage(p=0.05) and well and moderate differentiation(p=0.001) were statistically significant. At univariate analysis for locoregional recurrence free survival, lower T stage(p=0.02) and better differentiation(p=0.043) were statistically significant. Treatment failure occurred in 12 patients. Locoregional recurrence(8 patients) was main pattern of failure. Conclusion : When definitive radiotherapy compared with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, there was no significant difference. Further studies would be needed to compare definitive radiotherapy with postoperative radiotherapy. N stage, stage and differentiation could be the prognostic factors for overall survival and T stage and differentiation could be the prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence free survival in patients treated definitive radiotherapy.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2010

Background: Laryngeal papillomatosis, which is cased by human papillomavirus, is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx. However, the prognosis of this disease remains really unpredictable. The aim of this paper is to determine whether any clinical features at the time of diagnosis could predict its course. Material and Method: Eighty-six patients treated at our institution during the last 20 years were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had microsurgery under general anesthesia. All patients' follow-up period was more than 1 year. We divided the patients into 1) Juvenile versus adult group based on their age 20, 2) single surgical method with laser versus dual surgical method with laser and microdebrider group, and 3) single subsite versus multiple subsites group. And we compared the therapeutic outcome. Results: The recurrence rate was 100% (15 patients) in the JP group and 56% (40 patients) in the AP group. Juvenile versus adult group was the only independent prognostic factor by univariate, and multivariate analysis. Microdebrider resection technique and multiple subsites were not associated with treatment result. Time period from the first surgery to recurrence detection was different statistically only for the age group. The number of surgery in the JP group ranged from 1 to 31 (mean 8.8). In the AP group the number of surgery ranged from 1 to 25 (mean 3.7). It was statistically different. Conclusion: Prognosis for the laryngeal papillomatosis remains unpredictable. Only patients' age was the only independent prognostic factor.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2006

Purpose: Controversy still exists over in the prognostic significance of microscopic tumor cell dissemination in patients with cancer. This study evaluated the prognostic implication of isolated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Four hundred nineteen (419) patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between June 1998 and July 2000 were enrolled in the study. Bone marrow aspirate was obtained from the iliac crest before removal of the primary tumor. Mononuclear cells were isolated and stained with AE-1/AE-3 PAN-CYTOKERATIN. Results: Cytokeratin-positive cells were found in the bone marrow of 219 patients (52.3%). The incidence varied significantly with the depth of invasion (P=0.021) and the stage (P=0.026). The five-year survival rate of patients with cytokeratin-positive cells was 74.1% and that of patients without cytokeratin-positive cells was 81.1%(P=0.2481). There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate and the site of recurrence according to whether or not cytokeratin-positive cells were present in the bone marrow. Conclusion: The presence of cytokeratin-positive cells in the bone marrow of patients with gastric cancer did not predict outcome and recurrence. Therefore, it cannot be used as a prognostic factor.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1194-1202
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• 2018

Background/Aims: This study evaluated the role of hypomethylating agents (HMA) compared to best supportive care (BSC) for patients with high or very-high (H/VH) risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) according to the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System. Methods: A total of 279 H/VH risk MDS patients registered in the Korean MDS Working Party database were retrospectively analyzed. Results: HMA therapy was administered to 205 patients (73.5%), including 31 patients (11.1%) who then received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), while 74 patients (26.5%) received BSC or allo-HCT without HMA. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were $53.1%{\pm}10.7%$ for allo-HCT with HMA, $75%{\pm}21.7%$ for allo-HCT without HMA, $17.3%{\pm}3.6%$ for HMA, and $20.8%{\pm}6.9%$ for BSC groups (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only allo-HCT was related with favorable OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.356; p = 0.002), while very poor cytogenetic risk (HR, 5.696; p = 0.042), age ${\geq}65years$ (HR, 1.578; p = 0.022), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 2 to 4 (HR, 2.837; p < 0.001), and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (HR, 1.901; p = 0.001) all had an adverse effect on OS. Conclusions: For the H/VH risk group, very poor cytogenetic risk, age ${\geq}65years$, ECOG PS 2 to 4, and AML transformation were poor prognostic factors. HMA showed no benefit in terms of OS when compared to BSC. Allo-HCT was the only factor predicting a favorable long-term outcome. The use of HMA therapy did not seem to have an adverse effect on the transplantation outcomes. However, the conclusion of this study should be carefully interpreted and proven by large scale research in the future.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1002-1011
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: The prognostic impact of left axis deviation (LAD) on clinical outcomes in acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of axis deviation in acute heart failure patients with LBBB. Methods: Between March 2011 and February 2014, 292 consecutive AHFS patients with LBBB were recruited from 10 tertiary university hospitals. They were divided into groups with no LAD (n=189) or with LAD (n=103) groups according to QRS axis <-30 degree. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: The median follow-up duration was 24 months. On multivariate analysis, the rate of all-cause death did not significantly differ between the normal axis and LAD groups (39.7% vs. 46.6%, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.66, 1.53; p=0.97). However, on the multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the predictors of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), presence of LAD significantly predicted a worse LVEF (adjusted beta, -3.25; 95% confidence interval, -5.82, -0.67; p=0.01). Right ventricle (RV) dilatation was defined as at least 2 of 3 electrocardiographic criteria (late R in lead aVR, low voltages in limb leads, and R/S ratio <1 in lead V5) and was more frequent in the LAD group than in the normal axis group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Among the AHFS with LBBB patients, LAD did not predict mortality, but it could be used as a significant predictor of worse LVEF and RV dilatation (Trial registry at KorAHF registry, ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01389843).

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to define the prognostic factors for liposarcoma to aid in the selection of effective treatments. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 41 cases out of 45 cases diagnosed with and treated for liposarcoma 2002 to 2015; 4 cases of well-differentiated liposarcoma were excluded. The effects of sex, age, site, stage, and histological classification on survival were analyzed retrospectively. For 28 cases diagnosed with myxoid liposarcoma, additional analysis was performed after the inclusion of round cell components. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 52.05 years (range 25-82 years) and the average follow-up period was 63.7 months. The disease-free survival rate was 43.2%. Most factors, including sex and age, were not significantly associated with the survival rate. On the other hand, the stage (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society stage) was significantly associated with the survival rate. The survival rate of patients with myxoid liposarcoma was 69% and the local recurrence and metastasis results varied according to the presence of round cells. Conclusion: The stage of liposarcoma and the sex of the patient were found to be effective factors for prognosis. When planning the treatment for liposarcoma, the treatment outcome for liposarcoma differs according to several prognostic factors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

Background: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was revised in 2015, its clinical implications for lung SCC subsets remain unclear. We investigated whether the morphologic characteristics of lung SCC, including keratinization, were associated with clinical parameters and clinical outcome of patients. Methods: A total of 81 patients who underwent curative surgical resection of diagnosed lung SCC, were enrolled in this study. Attributes such as keratinization, tumor budding, single cell invasion, and nuclear size within the tumor, as well as immunohistochemistry of Bcl-xL and pS6 expressions, were evaluated. Results: The keratinizing and nonkeratinizing subtypes did not differ with respect to age, sex, TNM stage, and morphologic parameters such as nuclear diameter, tumor budding, and single cell invasion at the tumor edge. Most patients with the keratinizing subtype (98.0%) had a history of smoking, whereas the nonkeratinizing group had a relatively higher proportion of never-smokers relative to the keratinizing group (24.0% vs. 2.0%; p=0.008, chi-square test). Expression of pS6 (a surrogate marker of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 [mTORC1] signaling that regulates keratinocyte differentiation), and Bcl-xL (a key anti-apoptotic molecule that may inhibit keratinization), did not correlate significantly with the presence of keratinization. Patients with the keratinizing subtype had a significantly shorter overall survival (85.2 months vs. 135.7 months, p=0.010, log-rank test), and a multivariate analysis showed that keratinization was an independent, poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.389; 95% confidence interval, 1.090-5.233; p=0.030). Conclusion: In lung SCC, keratinization is associated with a poor prognosis, and might be associated with smoking.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2545-2548
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• 2016

Background: There is growing evidence that there are differences in histological and genetic characteristics along with clinical behavior between right- and left-sided colon carcinomas. We have compared various parameters of the two types and assessed associations of the results with prognosis in patients in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 200 cases from our institutional database; 100 cases of right-sided and 100 cases of left-sided colon cancer. Parameters including age, gender, TNM stage, histological features and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results: The patients with right-sided colon cancer were significantly older as compared to their counterparts with left-sided cancer. They presented with a lumbar mass rather than symptoms of obstruction and perforation as seen in left-sided colon cancers, and the histology showed higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumors with advanced pT stage. Moreover, Crohn's-like reactions, intra tumoral lymphocyte responses and other poor prognostic factors like lymph vascular invasion and perineural invasion were more common in right-sided cancers. Conclusions: We found that right- and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of clinical presentation, histology and clinical behavior. Right-sided colon cancers are more aggressive and are associated with poorer clinical outcome as compared to left sided colon cancers in our population.