• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2003

The successful use of osseointegrated implants to replace missing teeth has been demonstrated for both the completely and the partially edentulous patients. Many studies have confirmed an excellent long-term prognosis. The successful outcome of any implant procedure is surely dependent on the interrelationship of the various components that includes the following: biocompatibility of the implant material, macroscopic and microscopic nature of the implant surface, the status of the implant bed in both a health(noninfected) and a morphologic(bone quality) context, the surgical technique, the undisturbed healing phase, the subsequent prosthetic design, and long-term loading phase. Periodontally compromised patients have poor status of the implant bed and periodontal pathogen. No longitudinal data are available whether these factors affect the prognosis of implants. In this study, 102 machined $Br{{\aa}}nemark$ implants are inserted to analyze the success rate of 1-4 years and marginal bone loss in 49 chronic periodontitis patients. The following conclusions could be drawn from this study. 1. The cumulative success rate of implants at the 4-year of loading was 95.10%. 2. 5 failed implants have been removed. One implant have been removed due to infection, two implants were removed due to failure of osseointegration. and other two implants were removed due to mechanical failure caused by over-loading. 3. Mean marginal bone loss from the time of loading was 0.94mm at first year, 1.12mm at second year, 1.25mm at third year. These results suggest that implant therapy is good treatment modality in chronic periodontitis patients, and periodontal treatment including oral hygiene program is completed prior to insertion of implants.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.754-758
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• 2003

배경: 중증 근무력증의 치료법 중에서 흉선 절제술은 대부분의 환자에서 임상적 호전을 얻기 위한 효과적인 방법으로 알려져 있다. 흉선 절제술은 시행 후 어느 정도의 치료효과가 있었고 예후에 관계하는 요인이 무엇인지를 분석하여 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 5년간 중증 근무력증으로 흉선 절제술을 시행 받은 50명을 대상으로 자료를 분석하였다. 결과: 조사 대상 50명의 환자 중 39명의 환자에서 호전되어 78%의 치료 효과를 보았다. 예후에 관계하는 요인으로 성별, 연령, 흉선 조직의 결과, 임상양상, 흉선의 무게, 술 전 유병기간, 술 전 약물 복용량을 분석해 보았는데 그 중 흉선 조직의 결과가 흉선비후인 경우가 흉선종보다 예후가 좋았고 임상양상상 I군과 IIA군에서 좋은 예후를 보였다. 그 외의 요인들은 예후에 영향이 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론: 흉선종보다 흉선비후인 경우 예후가 좋았으며 좋은 수술결과를 얻으려면 I군이나 IIA군 상태에서 조기에 흉선절제술을 시행하는 것이 바람직하다고 하겠다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2004

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate enuretic children attending oriental hospital and classify subtypes and evaluate possible factors that enhance or hamper of continence. Methods: Children attending kyeongju dongguk oriental hospital pediatrics between January 2000 and December 2003 with chief complaint of nocturnal enuresis were enrolled. The data of present symptoms and improvement progress was collected via telephone interviews with their parents. Results: The total number of children was 61. 32 of them were male and 29 female. Sex ratio was 1.1:1. Patient under 6 years of age was 68.8%. Using acupuncture, acupressure or chimsband with herb medicine, treatment frequency was increased. Patients with nocturnal enuresis(NE) was 48, and primary nocturnal enuresis(PNE) 39, secondary (SNE) 9. 13 was impossible to diagnose. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.09. PNE was 4 times as many as SNE. Male was predominent in PNE, and female in SNE. In the progress of PNE, male and female were similiar. but SNE, male was all cured, female remained 50%. And elapsed time of male to improve was longer than that of female. In the progress of improvement, many parents mentioned that their child was improved spontaneously regardless of subtype. Conclusion: We consider age, sex distinction, subtype, bladder symptoms, frequency, time of progress as influencing factor of prognosis, but failed to verify significance. To develop guideline of NE and find influencing factor of prognosis, more prospective study through taking history carefully and using questionnaire is needed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and pharmacoepidemiologic characteristics of medicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw. Methods: The study population is comprised of 86patients who were diagnosed with ONJ at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from 2008 to 2015. Factors for epidemiologic evaluation were gender, age, location of lesion, and clinical history. The types of bisphosphonates, duration of intake, and the amount of accumulated dose were evaluated for therapeutic response. Clinical symptoms and radiographic images were utilized for the assessment of prognosis. Results: Among the 86 patients, five were male, whereas 81 were female with mean age of 73.98 (range 45-97). Location of the lesion was in the mandible for 58 patients and maxilla in 25 patients. Three patients had both mandible and maxilla affected. This shows that the mandible is more prone to the formation of ONJ lesions compared to the maxilla. ONJ occurred in 38 cases after extraction, nine cases after implant surgery, six cases were denture use, and spontaneously in 33 cases. Seventy-six patients were taking other drugs aside from drugs indicated for osteoporosis. Most of these patients were diagnosed as osteoporosis, rheumatic arthritis, multiple myeloma, or had a history of cancer therapy. Higher weighted total accumulation doses were significantly associated with poorer prognosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dose, duration, route, and relative potency of bisphosphonates are significantly associated with treatment prognosis of osteonecrosis of the jaw.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2009

Introduction: Maxillary malignant tumors are primary tumors of the maxillary gingiva, sinus, and palate. The purpose of this study was to research the prognosis and treatment modalities of maxillary malignant tumors. Materials & Methods: For this study, 52 patients, who were treated after being diagnosed for maxillary malignant tumors at the department of OMFS at Yonsei University college of Dentistry from January 1997 till April 2008, were classified, then the prognoses of these patients were evaluated depending on their primary site, histopathology and treatment modalities. The results of this study showed that the most common primary site for maxillary malignant tumors was the gingiva and for histopathology, squamous cell carcinoma. Result & Conclusion: The average follow up period was 32.7 months. In determining prognosis, the most important factors were the control of local site and metastasis of cervical lymph nodes. Therefore, for a better prognosis, a tumor free margin during surgery and a periodic follow up to examine for metastasis to cervical lymph nodes and other organs are necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2013

Background: TGF-${\beta}$-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) has been found to be over-expressed in a variety of solid malignancies and related to tumor growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of TAK1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and assess its value as a novel prognostic marker. Methods: TAK1 mRNA was assessed in 51 paired ccRCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues (ADTs) by real-time PCR. Tissue TAK1 protein was also assessed in 91 ADTs and 177 samples of ccRCC immunohistochemically for evaluation of relationships with clinical characteristics. Results: RT-PCR showed that TAK1 RNA level was significantly higher in ccRCC tissues than in the paired ADTs and immunohistochemistry confirmed higher expression of TAK1 protein in ccRCC samples compared with ADTs. TAK1 protein expression in 177 ccRCC samples was significantly correlated with T stage, N classification, metastasis, recurrence and Fuhrman grade, but not age and gender. Patients with low TAK1 levels had a better survival outcome. TAK1 expression and N stage were independent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. Conclusions: Overexpression of TAK1 predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC, so that TAK1 may serve as a novel prognostic marker.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 1997

Hepatoblastoma is a rare pediatric malignancy which frequently presents at an advanced un resectable stage. With the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, improved resectability and survival have been reported. Twenty children with biopsy proven hepatoblastoma were treated during the period between January 1987 and June 1995. Median age at diagnosis was 13 months(2 months to 7 year and 10 months), and 13 were male. Histologic profile was 13 epithelial(5 fetal, 4 mixed, 1 embryonal, 3 undetermined), and 5 mixed mesenchymal and epithelial and 2 of undetermined type. Chemotherapy effectively reduced the tumor volume($p$=0.008), and was able to convert 7 out of 9 initially unresectable cases(78%) to resectable ones. Twelve radical and 2 palliative operations were done with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. The Median follow up period was 33 months and the median survival was 26 months. The group with curative resection had a 61.1% 5 year survival rate, but none of palliative resection group survived more than 13 months($p$=0.0001). In univariate analysis for prognostic factors revealed, large tumor size at diagnosis and abscence of thrombocytopenia were associated with poor survival, but these differences were not statistically significant. Histological pure fetal type did not mean a better prognosis. Even with a recent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the strategy should be focused on the radical resection as early as possible.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

Purpose: ${\alpha}$-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer is a rare tumor with high rates of liver metastasis and a poor prognosis. Many studies have been performed but there have been no comprehensive investigations of the clinicopathological and prognosis. Materials and Methods: Six hundred ninety four patients with gastric cancer who underwent a curative gastric resection in Hanyang University Hospital from February 2001 to December 2008 were evaluated retrospectively after excluding active or chronic hepatits, liver cirrhosis and preoperative distant metastasis. Among them, thirty five patients had an elevated serum level of AFP (>7 ng/ml) preoperatively. The clinicopathological features of AFP-producing gastric cancer were analyzed. Results: There was poorer differentiation, a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis, more marked lymphatic and vascular invasion in the AFP-positive group than in the AFP-negative group. The 5-year survival rate of the AFP-positive group was significantly poorer than that in the AFP-negative group (66% vs. 80%, P=0.002). A significantly higher incidence of liver metastasis was observed in the AFP-positive group than in the AFP-negative group (14.3% vs. 3.6%, P=0.002) with a shorter median time period from the operation to the metachronous liver metastasis (3.7 months vs. 14.1 months, P=0.043). Multivariate survival analysis revealed the depth of invasion, degree of lymph node metastasis and AFP-positivity to be the independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: AFP-producing gastric cancers have an aggressive behavior with a high metastatic potential to the liver. In addition, their clinicopathological features are quite different from the more common AFP-negative gastric cancer.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2011

Purpose: Sensory impairment in infraorbital nerve is common symptom following mid-facial fractures. The purpose of this study is to document the incidence of sensory impairment in infraorbital nerve following midfacial fractures and its recovery. Methods: Three hundreds fourteen patients with midfacial fracture were included involving emergence areas of infraorbital nerve. Fractures were classified into zygoma fracture, maxilla fracture, complex comminuted fracture and pure blow out fracture. Neurosensory function was assessed with clinical symptoms and light touch test in infraorbital nerve regions. Patients were followed and sensory function was evaluated immediately, 1, 3 and 6 months after trauma. Results: The total series consisted of 198 zygoma fractures, 19 maxilla fractures, 30 complex comminuted fractures and 67 pure blow out fractures. The incidence of sensory impairment was 60% (63% in zygoma fractures, 84% in maxilla fractures, 93% in complex comminuted fractures, 31% in pure blow out fractures). Persistent sensory impairments were remained in 32% (33% in zygoma fractures, 47% in maxilla fractures, 73% in complex comminuted fractures, 6% in pure blow out fractures) 6 months after trauma. Younger patients had better prognosis than older patients in recovery of infraorbital nerve function ($p$ <0.05, $x^2$-test). Mean recovery time was 11 weeks. Conclusion: The incidence of post-traumatic sensory impairment was different according to fracture types. Age of patients and fracture type were important factors that influence to recovery of sensory impairment. Complex comminuted fracture had poor prognosis, and pure blow out fractures had better prognosis than other fractures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4077-4080
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• 2015

The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been widely used in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is no current consensus on the impact of CXCR4 on CRC patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological importance of CXCR4 in CRC patients. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane library, CBM and EMBASE updated to 2014 were searched to include eligible articles. We analysed correlations between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS). A total of 1, 055 CRC patients from twelve studies were included in the study. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) which indicated CXCR4 expression was likely to be associated with TNM stage (OR=0.43, CI=0.34-0.55, P<0.00001), lymph node status (OR=2.23, CI=1.23-4.05, P=0.008) and vascular invasion (OR=2.21, CI=1.11-4.39, P=0.02). Poor overall survival of CRC cancer was found to be significantly related to CXCR4 overexpression (hazard ratio (HR) 1.36 CI=1.17-1.59, P<0.0001), whereas combined ORs revealed that CXCR4 expression had no correlation with gender or differentiation. Based on the published studies, CXCR4 overexpression in patients w ith CRC indicates poor survival outcome and clinicopathological factors.