• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.729-732
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• 2000

Weight records from birth to calving and calving scores of 407 two-year old heifers and weights of their offspring from birth to one year of age were used to study the effects of sire birth weight on maternal traits of their female progeny. The heifers (G1) were the progeny of 81 sires (G0) and were classified into three classes based on their sires' birth weights (High, Medium and Low). The heifers were from three distinct breed-groups and were mated to bulls with medium birth weights within each breed-group to produce the second generation (G2). The data were analyzed using a covariance model. The female progeny of high birth-weight sires were heavier from birth to calving than those sired by medium and low birth-weight bulls. The effect of sire birth weight on calving difficulty scores of their female progeny was not significant. Grand progeny (G2) of low birth-weight sires were lighter at birth than those from high birth-weight sires (p<0.05) but they did not differ significantly in weaning and yearling weights with the other two Grand progeny groups. The results indicated that using low birth weight sires would not result in an increase in the incidence of dystocia among their female progeny calving at two-year of age and would not have an adverse effect on weaning and yearling weights of their grand progeny.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 1999

Weight records from birth to calving and calving scores of 407 two-year old heifers and weights of their offspring from birth to one year of age were used to study the effects of sire birth weight on maternal traits of their female progeny. The heifers ($G_1$) were Ihe progeny of 81 sires ($G_0$) and were classified into three classes based on their sires' birth weights (High, Medium and Low). The heifers were from three distinct breed-groups and were mated to bulls with medium birth weights within each breed-group to produce the second generation ($G_2$). The data were analyzed using a covariance model. The female progeny of high birth-weight sires were heavier from birth to calving than those sired by medium and low birth-weight bulls. The effect of sire birth weight on calving difficulty scores of their female progeny was not significant. Grand progeny (G2) of low birth-weight sires were lighter at birth than those from high birth-weight sires (p < 0.05) but they did not differ significantly in weaning and yearling weights from the other two Grand progeny groups. The results indicated that using low birth weight sires would not result in an increase in the incidence of dystocia among their female progeny calving at two-year of age and would not have an adverse effect On weaning and yearling weights of their grand progeny.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.95-100
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• 2020

Background: Compared with reported data of radon concentration, data of radon progeny concentration is limited in general, especially in outdoor environment. Materials and Methods: To know both the level and the variation of radon progeny concentration in outdoor environment in Beijing area, one-year continuous measurement with a cycle of 60 minutes was carried out by a step-advanced filter (SAF) monitor for radon progeny measurement. The observation site was located in a park in Eastern Beijing area, and the observation period was from October 17, 2018 to September 29, 2019. Results and Discussion: The equivalent equilibrium concentration (EEC) of radon progeny varies from 0.7 to 19.1 Bq·m^-3, with an annual average of 4.9 ± 2.7 Bq·m^-3. A clear diurnal variation of EEC, higher in the early morning and lower in the late afternoon, is observed due to the high sensitivity of the SAF monitor. Conclusion: Vertical convection of atmospheric boundary layer is thought to be the main reason of this phenomenon. For annual variation, the lowest monthly average EEC appeared in April, while the highest appeared in November, which might attribute to the atmospheric stability in different seasons.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Interest in commercial cultivation and product development of Cordyceps species has shown a recent increase. Due to its biochemical and pharmacological effects, Cordyceps militaris, commonly known as orange caterpillar fungus, is being investigated with great interest. Cultivation of C. militaris has been practiced on a large scale in order to fulfill a demand for scientific investigation and product development. Isolates of C. militaris can be easily established from both spores and tissue. For isolation of spores, ascospores released from mature stromata are trapped in sterile medium. Multi-ascospore isolates, as well as combinations of single ascospore strains, are used for production of fruiting bodies. Progeny ascospore strains can be isolated from artificial fruiting bodies, thus, the cycle of fruiting body production can be continued for a long period of time. In this study, we examined fruiting body production from multi-ascospore isolates and their progeny strains for three generations. $F_1$ progeny strains generally produced a larger number of fruiting bodies, compared with their mother multi-ascospore isolates; however, $F_2$ and $F_3$ progeny strains produced fewer fruiting bodies. Optimum preservation conditions could help to increase the vitality of the progeny strains. In order to retain the fruiting ability of the strains, further testing of various methods of preservation and different methods for isolation should be performed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.611-616
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• 2006

Genetic parameters for performance traits on 409 bulls and growth and carcass traits on 591 of their steer progeny were estimated in Japanese Black cattle with Gibbs sampling. Traits of bulls included body weight at the start (BWS) and finish (BWF) of test, daily gain (DG), concentrate, roughage and TDN intake, and TDN conversion ratio. Progeny traits were BWS, BWF, DG, rib eye area, marbling score (MSR), dressing percentage and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). In bulls, heritabilities were high for BWS (0.50) and BWF (0.63) and moderate for concentrate (0.48) and TDN intake (0.45), while in progeny, the heritability for all the studied traits was moderate to high (ranging from 0.30 to 0.73), highlighting the potential for genetic improvement of these traits. Genetic correlations between TDN intake and growth traits (BWS, BWF and DG) in bulls were highly positive (ranging from 0.77 to 0.94). The weak but negative genetic correlation (-0.20) between MSR and SFT in progeny indicated that improvement of beef marbling without increasing subcutaneous fat deposition could be possible. The estimated genetic correlations of roughage intake of bulls with body weights (BWS and BWF) and MSR of their progeny were moderate (ranging from 0.35 to 0.52). On the basis of the selection for bulls, growth traits and TDN intake correlated positively with SFT (ranging from 0.43 to 0.53) of their progeny, suggesting the necessity of controlling the increase of SFT in selection programs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2014

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of two groups of sires with 'medium' and 'high' weight gain potentials (M-sires and H-sires, respectively) on growth of their progenies on varying planes of nutrition during the growing-finishing period. The ADG of the M-sires' progeny was greater (P < 0.05) than that of the H-sires' progeny (0.51 vs. 0.47 kg) during a 26- to 29-d early grower phase beginning from 55 d of age, but the opposite was true (0.66 vs. 0.72 kg) during the latter grower phase. Overall grower-phase ADG was greatest on the high plane of nutrition (H plane) followed by the medium (M) and low (L) planes (0.65, 0.61, and 0.51 kg, respectively; P < 0.05) in the M-sires' progeny, whereas in the H-sires' progeny, ADG was greater on the H and M planes vs. L plane (0.63, 0.62, and 0.54 kg, respectively). The ADG of pigs on the M or H plane during the grower phase and switched to the H plane thereafter (M-to-H or H-to-H planes) was greater than that of pigs on the L-to-L planes (0.99 vs. 0.78 kg) during the early finisher phase in the M-sires' progeny (P < 0.01). However, in the H-sires' progeny, ADG of pigs on the L-to-L planes did not differ from that of pigs on the M-to-M or H-to-M planes (0.94 vs. 0.96 kg). Results suggest that the H-to-H or H-to-M planes and M-to-M or M-to-L planes are optimal for maximal growth of the M- and H-sires' progenies, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 1993

We investigated the effects of maternal and paternal parentage, and ovule position in a pod on seed development, weight, and progeny performance, using an annual crop commonly called cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Nine maternal parents were randomly selected, and 3 individuals were chosen as paternal parents based on the male fitness components. Five types of hand-pollination were attempted on each flower of the maternal plants to evaluate the influence of paternal identify. Independent variables such as parentage and ovule position affected the pattern of seed development. Ovules in the middle position of the pod exhibited a much higher probability of seed maturation than those at the stylar and basal positions, confirming the position effect. These independent variables also appeared to exert a significant effect on seed weight, although it was not possible to evaluate the relative importance of those variables due to a significant interaction between parents. Mixed pollination tended to yield heavier seeds than other paternal parents. Ovules in the middle and basal end positions produced heavier seeds than those at the stylar end regardless of maternal and paternal parentage. Seed weight was independent of all measurements of progeny performance. At week 2 after germination significant paternal effects were found to be mediated through the ovule position in a pod. In particular, the progeny derived from self-pollination performed worse than the progeny from other paternal parentage. The progeny performance at week 4 after germination was affected by maternal parents independently of seed weight. These results show that paternal and maternal effects were quite consistent from the seed development to early growth of the progeny. Consequently, maternal and paternal effects on seed development and weight, and progeny performance may reflect, at least to some extent, genetic contribution of both parents. If so, it is possible for sexual selection on maternal and paternal function to generate the evolution of reproductive traits related to seed production.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2019

This study was done to estimate the effect of progeny numbers and pedigree depth on the accuracy of the estimated breeding value (EBV) using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) method in Hanwoo. The experiment groups (sire = 100, 200, and 300; progeny = 4 and 8) were made by random sampling and by genetic evaluation of the following traits: Body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT) and marbling score (MS9). As a result of the genetic evaluation, the accuracy of the EBV was roughly 30 - 60% with 4 progenies, and the accuracy of the EBV increased by about 50 - 75% with 8 progenies. In the other words, when the number of progenies increased from 4 to 8, the accuracy of the EBV simultaneously increased by about 15 - 20%. Moreover, when the number of sires was higher, variations in the accuracy of the EBV within the groups for each trait decreased. Therefore, this result indicates that not only the number of progeny but also the number of sires can affect the accuracy of the EBV. Consequently, collecting information on the progeny and careful management of that information are very important things in the Hanwoo breeding system. Therefore, the EBV can show more precise results when conducting genetic evaluations.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 1993

A standard radon chamber and a radon generator adjusted by ventilation system which had used in this research were assumed to calculate theoretically the concentration of radon progeny using Jacobi model theory. On the one hand, the filter sampled from the radon standard chamber and the radon generator was measured and analysed by the alpha spectrometry method. It is clear that measured result shows a good agreement with theoretical result. Therefore, it is observed that this research can made a great contribution to more accurate internal dose assessment by alpha emission of radon progeny in indoor radon environment, and fast individual measurement and determination of concentration for radon progeny.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2020

Objective: The present trial was conducted to determine the influence of different dietary fatty acid (omega-3 and omega-6) sources on reproductive performance of female broiler breeders and growth performance and carcass traits of their progeny. Methods: Two hundred and twenty, 25 weeks old Ross-308 male (20) and female (200) broiler breeders were used in the experiment for the period of 6 weeks. All birds were randomly divided into four dietary treatments (containing 2% soybean oil, 2% sunflower oil, 2% flaxseed oil, and 2% fish oil) each with five replicates of one male and ten females. Throughout this experiment hatching performance of broiler breeders, progeny growth performance and carcass parameters were recorded. Results: The results showed that the inclusion of different fatty acid sources in female broiler breeders diet had no significant effects (p>0.05) on number of fertile eggs, post-hatch mortality, and fertility rate. The soybean oil supplemented group had significantly (p<0.05) higher late embryonic mortality compared to other three treatments. Conclusion: It was concluded that inclusion of 2% of different sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (especially 2% flax seed oil) in broiler breeders' diet can reduce late embryonic mortality. The other reproductive characteristics of parents and growth and carcass characteristics of progeny remained unaltered by dietary sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.