• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-48
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• 1984

The economy of ship's size and speed is affected by the freight rates, sailing distances, cargo handling rates, fuel oil prices and even interest rates of the borrowed funds. It can be a step more powerful measures if the economic evaluation model takes in a cargo lot size which prevails in the shipping markets. This paper has dealt with hypothetical cargo lots which happen to the market with uniform distribution in probability. The evaluation models are either profit maximization method or cost minimization method. The former compares among different voyages in profitability to the invested funds, the later defines the transportation efficiency in ton-mile unit and be used in comparing two or more transportation means. This paper adopted both of above methods to derive out ships economical evaluation contours for the various ship's speed and deadweight for certain cargo lot sizes, which can be used as important managerial decision data in purchasing ships or selecting a most profitable one among the proposed voyages. This evaluation contours will also be efficiently used in appraising so called "handy size ships" in connection with port water depth and conditions of voyage tracks.ge tracks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.505-509
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• 2020

The development of diesel power generation is predominantly geared toward island areas or ships because diesel exhibits weak scale-merit characteristics and power quality problems, which are associated with environmental pollution. However, a new energy paradigm, distribution energy resource (DER), has been emerging as a renewable energy source due to the existing structural problems in waste disposal and complex factors such as the conversion technology of waste emulsified oil (WDF). By combining extended producer responsibility (EPR) support and renewable energy certificates (REC), including waste energy REC 0.25 for other bioenergy and REC 1.0 for power transactions, an adequate profit model can be built through self-energetic power generation, thereby drawing keen attention from related industries. Therefore, if WDF is used appropriately as a high-quality engine fuel, it can lead to the development of various fields such as novel renewable energy sectors, waste management, and EPR-related industries. This study is intended to produce WDF using plastic waste by using it as engine-generator fuel. Moreover, we investigate ways to improve the quality and suitability of WDF as an engine fuel.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.57-71
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• 2005

This thesis is to explore the relaxation of restrictions at the acquisition of own stock, and to get the results from this system many countries' legislations were alluded as model cases for Korean system. In comparing with America, Japan, Europe(EC 2nd Commercial Law), and England, the final suggestion for Korean companies law as follows: The solution of problems which is derived from the acquisition at own stock in enterprise is to make the optimum situation for the economic development and stability of stock market. So, to solve these problems needs the relaxation of restrictions for this system and by the relaxation of restrictions can get the distribution of its profit to stockholder, and the compensation for employers and employees. Furthermore, through this system the company can achieve the protection against M&A and the supply of company funds. In conclusion the relaxation of restrictions at the acquisition of own stock is acknowledged the necessity, but the problems that would be followed must be necessarily minimized, and to do so, the legal system has to be molded for this purpose and the its procedure(that is, accounting deal of own stock, the fictitious dividend, and non-appliance of tendency control) has to be prior to the legal system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.46-56
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• 2003

Recently, digital contents have become increasingly perceived as a axe aspect of national development, and as such their generation and widespread promotion is being now pursued on a global basis, as govemment move to assist corporations in the realization of consistent industrial develo- pment. Efforts are also being made to seek avenues for the paid use of qualitativefy excellent contents, instead of relying upon traditional methods of free-of-charge provision. This paper examined the role of public institutions for the charging and development of contents industry. And it is suggested that promotional strategy and mode! for paid digital contents. ln particular, it is focused on those cases by the the Korea Institue of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) as a non-profit institution in public information sevice.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2019

The auditor, an important instrument of corporate governance, ensures the transparency and accountability of the firm to the stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of audit characteristics on firm performance. In this study, external audit quality (BIG4), frequencies of audit committee meetings, and audit committee size are used as the proxies of audit characteristics and firm performance is measured through ROA, profit margin and EPS. A total of 503 firm years are considered as sample size from the listed manufacturing firms of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) during the period of 2013 to 2017 to find out the impact of audit characteristics on firm performance. In this study, multivariate regression analysis is conducted using the pooled OLS method. Moreover, time dummy and lag model of multivariate analysis are also analyzed as robust check. The multivariate regression results find that external audit quality (BIG4) and audit committee size are significantly positively associated with firm performance. This study also finds that there is a significant negative relationship between audit committee meeting and firm performance. This study recommends that the regulatory authority and audit committee should review the frequencies of audit committee meeting to make it more effective to ensure better firm performance.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.989-1003
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• 2021

With the recent increase in the types of services provided by Internet companies, collection of various types of data has become a necessity. Data collectors corresponding to web services profit by collecting users' data indiscriminately and providing it to the associated services. However, the data provider remains unaware of the manner in which the data are collected and used. Furthermore, the data collector of a web service consumes web resources by generating a large amount of web traffic. This traffic can damage servers by causing service outages. In this study, we propose a website search engine that employs a system that controls user information using blockchains and builds its database based on the recorded information. The system is divided into three parts: a collection section that uses proxy, a management section that uses blockchains, and a search engine that uses a built-in database. This structure allows data sovereigns to manage their data more transparently. Search engines that use blockchains do not use internet bots, and instead use the data generated by user behavior. This avoids generation of traffic from internet bots and can, thereby, contribute to creating a better web ecosystem.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.99-108
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• 2021

As expansion of interest income business faces several limitations, non-interest revenue can play a vital role in increasing the net profit margin and the productivity of the assets to sustain the growth rate. This study aims to analyze the Effect level (partial or total) of a bank's size on the relationship between non-interest revenue and the sustainable growth rate of Jordanian commercial banks. Baron and Kenny's methodology (1986) was adopted to test and analyze the effect of non-interest revenue: including the bank's size, on the sustainable growth rate during the period from 2008-2019. Data collection was done for thirteen commercial banks which constituted 100% of the study population. Testing four hypotheses by using Amos program and a regression model to diagnose the partial and total effect of size. Findings indicate that there is a nonlinear relationship between Non-IR and SGR due to the total effect of bank size on the sustainable growth rate. The results of this study is expected to enable the banks to diversify their revenue to support financial performance towards healthy growth without facing additional financial problems. This study adopted a different methodology from the prior efforts, by using the mediation effect role to verify the effect of non-interest revenue.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.607-616
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• 2021

The European Union Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) took effect on August 1 paving the way for increased trade between the EU and Vietnam; this marked a huge turning point for the Vietnamese economy. Agriculture products, especially fruits, must be listed when it comes to Vietnam export industries that profit the most from EVFTA. After a period of study, with the desire to contribute to the improvement in the efficiency of Vietnam's agricultural products to the EU, the researchers want to assess the impact of the EVFTA on the flows of Vietnamese fruits to the EU market. The study uses a quantitative analysis method via the WITS-SMART model with data on export turnover and tariff reductions in parallel with the analysis of changes in factors affecting the trade flows of fruits between the two markets when the EVFTA takes effect. As a result, Vietnam's fruit importing from the EU is expected to escalate by 29.18% in 2021, while the flow of export will only inch up by 0.955%, which is rather low compare to the increase in import value. Hence, effective policies must be introduced in Vietnam to innovate production methods and increase product quality, so that the EVFTA can be used to boost Vietnam's fruit exports to the EU.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.295-304
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• 2021

This study aims to identify and analyze the impact of internal factors on business efficiency of steel firms in Vietnam. The article uses data collected from the financial statements of 26 steel firms operating in Vietnam between 2012 and 2019. With the application of E-view software in quantitative analysis to build regression models on the table data (panel data), and the study has built a regression model identifying the relationship and impact level of internal factors affecting business efficiency of steel firms in Vietnam. In the study, the dependent variable is business efficiency, determined by the profit after tax on the firm's assets. The independent variables are firm size, growth rate, capital structure, ratio of long-term assets, receivables management, and solvency. The research results show that the four factors of firm size, growth rate of assets, receivables management, and solvency have a positive impact on business efficiency, while two factors including capital structure and ratio of long-term assets do not affect business efficiency of enterprises. The results of this article are very useful for corporate executives in general and for financial managers in particular, helping managers make the right financial decisions for the company to promote business efficiency of the company.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.673-685
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• 2021

This study aims to determine theoretically the best workers layoff/training strategy that entrepreneurs should apply to manage the COVID-19 crisis successfully. It also examines the impacts of the Saudi government's emergency measures on firm performance. The paper develops a theoretical framework in which the optimal control technics is applied to model the entrepreneur's hiring, layoff, and training behaviors. The results show that, during the current COVID-19 pandemic, the entrepreneur should first lay off the less productive workers to reduce labor costs. As more and more inefficient workers quit and profit increases, the entrepreneur starts expanding his activity and training workers. In the long run, only the training activity allows the firm efficiency to grow at a constant rate. This finding suggests that the key to long-run economic recovery in Saudi Arabia will rely on training, innovation, and adaptability to the new digital environment. The paper also shows that the Saudi government initiative of covering 60% of salaries for the small- and medium-sized entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic will enhance training activities in small- and medium-sized enterprises and improve their efficiency in both the short and long run. This policy will also prevent Saudi entrepreneurs from laying off half of their staff.