• Journal of Life Science
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.956-964
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• 2020

The radical scavenging activity measurement system linked with liquid chromatography (LC) is a useful tool for identifying the radical scavenging active compound in a sample composed of numerous compounds such as plant extracts. Using this system, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were measured on extracts of Ulmus pumila cortex, which is known as an herbal medicine with antioxidant activity. Mass spectrometry (MS) was performed on the identified radical scavenging active compounds to identify the four components estimated to be procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, catechin-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, and catechin-5-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, respectively. In order to compare the relative contents between extract samples, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode analysis conditions were set for the four compounds in order to examine the possibility of comparing the content of radical scavenging active compounds in Ulmus pumila cortex extract using LC-MS/MS. As a result of the relative content comparison, it was found that the higher the ethanol concentration of the extraction solvent, the higher the content of radical scavenging active compounds. As with the results of measuring the radical scavenging activity of each extract, it was confirmed that the content difference of three of the compounds (all except the compound estimated as procyanidin B3) was not significantly observed in the extracts with an ethanol concentration of 50% or more.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2005

To select the rapid and efficient molecular subtyping method for epidemiologic monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains at clinical laboratory levels, a total 116 of S. aureus and MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) strains from diverse animal species [Korean cattle, goat, pig, dog, chicken, mouse] and also humans were analyzed. To evaluate the discriminatory ability (DA) of individual PCR methods, random amplified polymorphic of DNA [RAPD; 4M & RA primer], repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences PCR (REP-PCR), and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences PCR (ERIC-PCR) methods were conducted and then compared on their Simpson's index of diversity (SID) values based on the dendrogram patterns, which was produced by software program (BiolD2+ & GelCompar II). In first, RAPD using the 4M primer (SID 0.915) was expressed more higher SID value than that of RA primer (SID 0.874). 4M primer was expressed more powerful DA than RA. Both REP-PCR (SID 0.930) and ERIC-PCR (SID 0.929) methods showed much more higher DA than that of RAPD. According to the present results, both REP-PCR and ERIC-PCR among the tested analysis methods were found as the most reliable and discriminative molecular subtyping method, because they expressed the highest DA for the present S. aureus and MRSA strains.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.429-439
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• 1996

A comprehensive air quality monitoring was carried out in this study to investigate the concentrations of criteria air pollutants in indoor and outdoor air of public facilities in Taegu area. Four different kinds of public facilities were seleced as sampling sites, which are underground stores, stations & terminals, general hospitals, and department stores. Each group of the public facilities was consisted of three different sampling sites. As a consequence, a total of 12 different sampling sites were surveyed throughout this study. Sampling was conducted simultaneously indoors, three times per day (in the morning, afternoon, and evening) and four times per year (spring, summer, fall, and winter) at each sampling site during the period of October 1994 to July 1995. A range of criteria pollutants were measured in order to obtain a broad profile of indoor and ambient air quality, including total suspended particles (TSP), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$), and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$). In addition, temperature, relative humidity, and air current were measured on site together with those air pollutants. Results of this study indicated that the indoor levels of TSP, CO, $SO_2, and NO_2$ appeared to be generally higher in stations/terminals and underground stores than those in department stores and hospitals. However, HCHO and $CO_2$ were found to have higher levels in the department stores and hospitals than other places, indicating that the effects of indoor sources for these pollutants are significantly different from other combustion related pollutants such as TSP, CO, and $SO_2$. It was also found that there are marked seasonal and daily variations both in indoor and outdoor air quality. In general, combustion related pollutants such as CO, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ showed a typical pattern of higher levels in winter than insummer, and also higher in the morning and/or in the evening than in the afternoon. However, the seasonal and daily patterns of HCHO appeared to be opposite to the combustion related pollutants, i.e., higher both in summer and in the afternoon, implying the effect of temperature on the volatilization from indoor sources of HCHO. Results of correlation analyses between indoor and outdoor air quality also indicated that the effects of outdoor sources on the indoor levels of TSP, $SO_2$, CO, and $NO_2$ and much significant, whilst no significant correlations between indoor and outdoor levels were found for HCHO and $CO_2$.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.751-762
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to enhance the quality of multimedia service under the heterogeneous end-terminals and network environment by monitoring the data receiving status of the group members regularly when the sender multicasts real-time multimedia data to a group. Especially, it focuses to reduce the total number of status information responded to the sender from the receivers. Accordingly. it upgrades the sender's performance by suppressing the number of status information packets generated by the receivers. The key idea of this study starts from how we profile the activity of all the members in a group. We assume that the receiver status in the worst status, so called primary receiver, represents the status of the whole group. This means that the whole group is assumed as being degraded in performance if the primary receiver is degraded, and that the whole group is assumed as being upgraded if the primary one is upgraded. In this algorithm, the primary receiver announces its status information to the whole group prior to other receivers, ana every receiver listening to the primary and other receivers' status compares its own status with them. Accordingly, any receiver may give up the status notification in case its status is not worse than others, resulting in the reduction of unnecessary responses to the sender.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2022

Understanding and monitoring virus-mediated infections has gained importance since the global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Studies of high-throughput omics-based immune profiling of COVID-19 patients can help manage the current pandemic and future virus-mediated pandemics. Although COVID-19 is being studied since past 2 years, detailed mechanisms of the initial induction of dynamic immune responses or the molecular mechanisms that characterize disease progression remains unclear. This study involved comprehensively collected biospecimens and longitudinal multi-omics data of 300 COVID-19 patients and 120 healthy controls, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing (scRNA(+scTCR/BCR)-seq), bulk BCR and TCR sequencing (bulk TCR/BCR-seq), and cytokine profiling. Clinical data were also collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and HLA typing, laboratory characteristics, and COVID-19 viral genome sequencing were performed during the initial diagnosis. The entire set of biospecimens and multi-omics data generated in this project can be accessed by researchers from the National Biobank of Korea with prior approval. This distribution of large-scale multi-omics data of COVID-19 patients can facilitate the understanding of biological crosstalk involved in COVID-19 infection and contribute to the development of potential methodologies for its diagnosis and treatment.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.28-41
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• 2022

A road system with CV(Connected Vehicle)s, which is often referred to as a cooperative intelligent transportation system (C-ITS), provides various road information to drivers using an in-vehicle warning system. Road environments with CVs induce drivers to reduce their speed or change lanes to avoid potential risks downstream. Such avoidance maneuvers can be considered to improve driving behaviors from a traffic safety point of view. Thus, empirically evaluating how a given in-vehicle warning information affects driving behaviors, and monitoring of the correlation between them are essential tasks for traffic operators. To quantitatively evaluate the effect of in-vehicle warning information, this study develops a method to calculate compliance rate of drivers where two groups of speed profile before and after road information is provided are compared. In addition, conventional indexes (e.g., jerk and acceleration noise) to measure comfort of passengers are examined. Empirical tests are conducted by using PVD (Probe Vehicle Data) and DTG (Digital Tacho Graph) data to verify the individual effects of warning information based on C-ITS constructed in Seoul metropolitan area in South Korea. The results in this study shows that drivers tend to decelerate their speed as a response to the in-vehicle warning information. Meanwhile, the in-vehicle warning information helps drivers to improve the safety and comport of passengers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.25-25
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• 2022

Drought becomes frequent and severe because of continuous global warming, leading to a significant loss of crop yield. In soybean (Glycine max [L.]), most of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses for drought tolerance have conducted by investigating yield changes under water-restricted conditions at the reproductive stages. More recently, the necessity of QTL studies to use physiological indices responding to drought at the early growth stages besides the reproductive ones has arisen due to the unpredictable and prevalent occurrence of drought throughout the soybean growing season. In this study, we thus identified QTLs conferring wilting scores and moisture contents of soybean subjected to drought stress in the early vegetative stage using an recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Taekwang (drought-sensitive) and SS2-2 (drought-tolerant). For the two traits, the same major QTL was located on chromosome 10, accounting for up to 11.5% of phenotypic variance explained with LOD score of 12.5. This QTL overlaps with a reported QTL for the limited transpiration trait in soybean and harbors an ortholog of the Arabidopsis ABA and drought-induced RING-D UF1117 gene. Meanwhile, one of important features of plant drought tolerance is their ability to limit transpiration rates under high vapor pressure deficiency in response to mitigate water loss. However, monitoring their transpiration rates is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, only a few population-level studies regarding transpiration rates under the drought condition have been reported so far. Via employing an Arduino-based platform, for the reasons addressed, we are measuring and recording total pot weights of soybean plants every hour from the 1^st day after water restriction to the days when the half of the RILs exhibited permanent tissue damage in at least one trifoliate. Gradual decrease in moisture of soil in pots as time passes refers increase in the severity of drought stress. By tracking changes in the total pot weights of soybean plants, we will infer transpiration rates of the mapping parents and their RILs according to different levels of VPD and drought stress. The profile of transpiration rates from different levels of severity in the stresses facilitates a better understanding of relationship between transpiration-related features, such as limited maximum transpiration rates, to water saving performances, as well as those to other drought-responsive phenotypes. Our findings will provide primary insights on drought tolerance mechanisms in soybean and useful resources for improvement of soybean varieties tolerant to drought stress.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제113권1호
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• pp.14-30
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• 2024

This study characterized areas at risk of land creep by focusing on a site that has undergone this phenomenon in Ulju-gun, South Korea. Land creep in the area of interest was catalyzed by road expansion work conducted in 2022. The site was examined on the basis of its geological features, topography, effective soil depth, soil hardness, electrical resistivity, and subsurface profile. It consists of a slope covered with sparse vegetation and a concave top that retains rainwater during rainfall. Compositionally, land creep affected the shale, sandstone, and conglomerate formations on the site, which had little silt and more sand and clay compared with areas that were unaffected by land creep. An electrical resistivity survey enabled us to detect a groundwater zone at the site, which explains the softness of the soil. Finally, the effective soil depth at the land creep-affected area was 30.4 cm on average, indicating deep colluvial deposits. In contrast, unaffected sites had an effective soil depth of 24.7 cm on average. These results should facilitate the creation of systems for monitoring and preemptively responding to land creep, significantly mitigating the socioeconomic losses associated with this phenomenon.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major seafood-borne pathogen commonly detected in marine environments. In Korea, V. parahaemolyticus-induced foodborne illnesses account for 7.5% of bacterial pathogen-related food poisonings. Moreover, the amount of antimicrobial agents used in aquatic cultures is continuously increasing. In this study, we isolated V. parahaemolyticus from seafood samples and performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests using the microbroth dilution method. Furthermore, using whole-genome sequencing, we identified antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, and sequence types (STs). We could isolate V. parahaemolyticus from 47 (59.5%) of the 79 seafood samples we purchased from retail markets in Seoul and Chungcheong provinces. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that 2 and all of the 47 isolates were ampicillin-resistant (4.3%) and susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents (100%), respectively. The genotype analysis revealed that all isolates carried beta-lactam-, tetracycline-, and chloramphenicol-associated antimicrobial resistance genes. However, we could detect fosfomycin resistance only in one isolate. Concerning the virulence genes, we detected T3SS1 and T3SS2-associated genes in all and one isolate, respectively. However, we could not detect the tdh and trh genes. Of the 47 isolates, 17 belonged to 15 different STs, including ST 658 with 3 isolates. The rest 30 isolates were identified as 25 new STs. The results of this study support the need for operating a continuous monitoring system to prevent foodborne illnesses and the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes in V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

Background: For the purpose of baseline data collection and enhancement of environmental monitoring the distribution studies of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{90}Sr$ in the soil of Uljin province was performed and the relation between surface soil activities and soil properties (pH, TOC and median of the surface soil) was analyzed. Materials and Methods: For 14 spots within 10 km from the NPP surface soil samples were collected and soils for depth profile were sampled for 3 spots in April 2011. Using ${\gamma}$-ray spectrometry with HPGe detector, the concentrations of $^{137}Cs$ were determined and the concentrations of $^{90}Sr$ were measured by counting ${\beta}$-activity of $^{90}Y$ (in equilibrium with $^{90}Sr$) in a gas flow proportional counter. Results and Discussion: The concentration ranges of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{90}Sr$ were $<0.479-39.6Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$ (avg. $7.51Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$) and $0.209-1.85Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$ (avg. $0.74Bq{\cdot}(kg-dry)^{-1}$) which were similar to the reported values from other regions in Korea. The activity ratio of $^{137}Cs$ to $^{90}Sr$ in surface soils was around 9.67, which is much bigger than the initial value of 1.75 for worldwide fallouts because of faster downward movement of $^{90}Sr$ after fallout than that of $^{137}Cs$. For depth profile studies soils were collected down to 40 cm depth for the locations of Deokgu, Hujeong and Maehwa. The $^{137}Cs$ concentration distribution of the first two showed maximum values at top soils and decreased rapidly in exponential manner, while $^{90}Sr$ showed two local maximum values for soils near top and about 30 cm depth. Through linear fittings between the $^{137}Cs$ and $^{90}Sr$ concentrations of surface soil and pH, TOC and median of the surface soil, the only probable relationship obtained was between $^{137}Cs$ and TOC (determination coefficient $R^2=0.6$). Conclusion: The concentration ranges of $^{137}Cs$ and $^{90}Sr$ in Uljin were similar to the reported values from other regions in Korea. The only probable relationship obtained between activities and soil properties was between $^{137}Cs$ and TOC.