• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.145-158
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• 2020

Purpose - To understand the growing interests in the professional temporary workforce, this study aimed to examine the different types of professional temporary workers and their different effects on creative performance. Design/methodology/approach - By sub-classifying professional temporary workers as boundaryless workers and transitional workers, this study developed propositions to provide comprehensive framework for directing meaningful topics for future research on professional temporary workers. Findings - This study suggested that two types of professional temporary workers may differ significantly in terms of their work efforts for getting approval or acceptance from the team members and for achieving creative contributions in teams. Specifically, drawing on expectance theory, social identity theory and resource-based theory, this study discussed the relationship between acceptance(task-oriented vs. relational-oriented acceptance), employment duration(short-term status vs. long-term status), contract security(volition being temporary worker) and creative performance for boundaryless workers versus transitional workers. Research implications or Originality - This study have implications for increasing our understanding of professional temporary workers by showing that creative performance may vary by employment types.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제55호
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• pp.143-167
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• 2018

경비업법상 경비원은 단순노무 종사자가 아닌 부족한 경찰력을 보완하고 국가중요시설, 산업시설, 공동주택 등의 경비를 전문으로 하는 보안관련 서비스 종사자이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 보안관련 서비스직인 경비업법상 경비원과 단순 노무직인 파견법상 경비원을 혼동 내지 혼용함으로써 경비원의 업무범위에 관한 논란이 끊이지 않고 있다. 경비업법상 경비원의 경우에는 엄격한 결격사유를 규정하고 있으며, 경비원 신임교육 및 직무교육을 받게 하고 있으며, 경비업자가 경비원을 배치하거나 배치를 폐지한 경우에는 관할 경찰관서장에게 신고하게 하는 등 경비원의 자격 등에 대하여 엄격한 제한을 규정하고 있다. 이는 경비업법상 경비원을 파견법상 경비원과 구분하여 전문 서비스직으로서 경비원의 직종을 인정하고자 함에 있다고 할 것이다. 따라서 경비업법상 경비원에 대하여는 경비업무 외 업무를 시켜서는 안 된다. 경비업무 외 업무를 시키고자 할 경우에는 경비업법상 도급계약을 체결할 것이 아니라 파견법상 경비원을 사용하던지 또는 고용계약에 의한 경비원을 고용하여 자체경비를 하여야 할 것이다. 이렇게 경비업법상 경비원을 전문 보안관련 서비스직으로 인정할 때 궁극적으로 경비산업 전반이 발전할 수 있을 것이다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Occupational therapists (OTs) interface patients much longer than other healthcare workers and, thus, are likely to experience a high level of stress because of work, physical fatigue, lack of professional knowledge and skills, and problematic relationships with patients, etc. This study examined the quality of the lives of OTs and the workplace which is an influential factor. This study recruited 200 OTs and used a professional quality of life scale. We found that, only 27.0% experience high levels of compassion satisfaction (CS) and 80.5% and 74.5% experience high or average levels of burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) of compassion fatigue (CF), respectively. We discovered that CS was higher in temporary employees; and CF was higher in females, subjects in their 30s; and those working at general hospitals. Also, BO was higher in those with one to five years of clinical experience and regular employees. Last, STS was higher in the group without stable income. This study verified that clinical experience is a critical factor that reduces BO, and excessive workload outside of treatment lowers the professional quality of life. This suggests that work environment and regulations related to OTs must be improved to increase CS and reduce CF.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2011

Objectives: We examined gender differential changes in employment-related health inequalities according to occupational position (professional/nonprofessional) in South Korea during the last decade. Methods: Data were taken from four rounds of Social Statistical Surveys of South Korea (1995, 1999, 2003, and 2006) from the Korean National Statistics Office. The total study population was 55435 male and 33913 female employees aged 25-64. Employment arrangements were divided into permanent, fixed-term, and daily employment. Results: After stratification according to occupational position (professional/nonprofessional) and gender, different patterns in employment - related health inequalities were observed. In the professional group, the gaps in absolute and relative employment inequalities for poor self-rated health were more likely to widen following Korea's 1997 economic downturn. In the nonprofessional group, during the study period, graded patterns of employment-related health inequalities were continuously observed in both genders. Absolute health inequalities by employment status, however, decreased among men but increased among women. In addition, a remarkable increase in relative health inequalities was found among female temporary and daily employees (p = 0.009, < 0.001, respectively), but only among male daily employees (p = 0.001). Relative employment-related health inequalities had clearly widened for female daily workers between 2003 and 2006 (p = 0.047). The 1997 Korean economic downturn, in particular, seemingly stimulated a widening gap in employment health inequalities. Conclusions: Our study revealed that whereas absolute health inequalities in relation to employment status increased in the professional group, relative employment-related health inequalities increased in the nonprofessional group, especially among women. In view of the high concentration of female nonstandard employees, further monitoring of inequality should consider gender specific patterns according to employee's occupational and employment status.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2013

Background: Occupational accidents are unplanned events that cause damage. The socio-economic impacts and human costs of accidents are tremendous around the world. Many fatalities happen every year in workplaces such as electricity distribution companies. Some electrical injuries are electrocution, electric shock, and burns. This study was conducted in an electricity distribution company (with rotational 12-hour shift work) in Iran during an 8-year period to survey descriptive factors of injuries. Methods: Variables collected included accident time, age of injured worker, employment type, work experience, injury cause, educational background, and other information about accidents. Results: Results indicated that most of the accidents occurred in summer, and 51.3% were during shift work. Worker negligence (malpractice) was the cause of 75% of deaths. Type of employment had a significant relationship with type of injuries (p < 0.05). Most injuries were electrical burns. Conclusion: High rate of accidents in summer may be due to the warm weather or insufficient professional skills in seasonal workers. Shift workers are at risk of sleep complaints leading to a high rate of work injuries. Acquiring knowledge about safety was related to job experiences. Temporary workers have no chance to work all year like permanent workers, therefore impressive experiences may be less in them. Because the lack of protective equipment and negligence are main causes of accidents, periodical inspections in workshops are necessary.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.606-616
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• 2007

The study was conducted to investigate the influences of food service employees' job burnout, job engagement, and workplace safety perception on their job satisfaction. A survey was administered on 589 school food service employees in Gyeongbuk from December 5, 2005 to February 18, 2006. The final response rate was 71% (N= 416); the data were analyzed using SPSS Windows (ver. 12.0). A majority of the respondents were females (99.0%) and 40 years old or older (75.3%); 84% were temporary contact-based or irregular workers. Among the job burnout dimensions, exhaustion ($2.98{\pm}0.59$) was rated higher than cynicism ($2.33{\pm}0.54$), while professional efficacy level ($3.61{\pm}0.47$) was relatively high. In terms of job engagement, the means of absorption ($3.67{\pm}0.49$) and dedication ($3.65{\pm}0.52$) were higher than that of vigor ($3.22{\pm}0.46$). A systematic environmental level ($3.15{\pm}0.58$) was lower than safety knowledge level ($3.63{\pm}0.49$) among the workplace safety statistics, whereas the anxiety level ($3.25{\pm}0.74$) was relatively high. The food service staff were more satisfied with 'supervisors' and 'co-workers' than with 'pay' and 'promotion'. A hierarchial regression analysis revealed that dedication, absorption, systematic environment, and safety knowledge were significant factors to increase job satisfaction and exhaustion which significantly decreased their job satisfaction.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제25권
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• pp.151-183
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• 1993

As many Korean libraries has begun to be automated and become a part of the worldwide, open library system, they need a new management. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the library management in automated libraries and to establish a theory of the library management in information society, The automated libraries could be well explained by the systems theory and the environment of the libraries could be well explained by the contingency theory, The following hypothesis were set to direct this research. 1. As the libraries are automated and become a part of one big, worldwide library system, the libraries interact closely with the environment so that the library and the environment become one. 2. As the libraries are automated and become a part of one big, worldwide library system, the librarians need to work in the environment for the library networks, standardization of cataloging, or government information policy making. 3. As the libraries are automated and become a part of one big, worldwide library system, the librarians only manage the library, The various other library staffs take over the traditional library services directly related to books. The data were gathered from the research done previously, Also the date were collected from the American and Japanese libraries. The findings were as follows: The environment of the library integrated all types of the library services such as school library, university library, etc. And it also integrated all the services of the media centers and the press centers, etc. to library services. And the new library services began in the environment. Librarians worked for these new services. In the library, the librarians distingushed the library system from the environment by planning : mission, goal, objectives, policy, procedures and rules. Library organization became temporary such as forming task forces or matrix or free form. The environment controlled the library. Staffs were controlled by plans or computers. And the professional librarians were controlled by their ability to solve problems raised outside the libraries. Library leaders brought in the technology to the library from its environment. The librarians led the formal and informal organizations so that the staffs cooperated well in their work. And librarians tought the library procedures to the partime workers or the temporary staffs. Participative management and management by objectives were the means of motivating staffs. Budget was based on the ever changing environment. The zero based budget method was applied. Therfore, in the information society, the professional librarians become the able managers in the library and global librarians in the environment.

• 한국노년학
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.217-240
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• 2021

본 연구는 요양보호사의 고용특성과 시설장에 대한 변혁적 리더십 인식이 서비스 질에 미치는 영향을 위계적 선형모형(Hierarchical linear model)을 통해 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울시에 위치한 45개의 노인 장기요양시설에 거주하는 노인 240명과 장기요양서비스를 제공하는 요양보호사 200명을 대상으로 설문자료를 수집하고, SPSS 26.0과 HLM 8.0을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 시설장에 대한 변혁적 리더십 인식은 서비스 질에 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만 요양보호사의 고용특성 중 고용형태와 근무시간은 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 요양보호사가 정규직인 경우, 근무시간이 적을수록, 요양보호사들이 인식하는 시설장의 변혁적 리더십이 높을수록 서비스 질이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 임금, 총경력, 근속기간은 서비스 질에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. 첫 번째, 요양보호사의 시급제 비정규직의 지위를 월급제 정규직화하기 위한 인센티브제 활용 및 급여체계 개편과 관련예산 확보, 나아가 전문성 강화를 바탕으로 근본적인 직업적 가치 인정을 통한 고용안정 강화 노력이 필요할 것이다. 장기요양의 공공성 강화 및 거점 공공장기요양시설 설립을 통한 지향 모델 제시 또한 방안으로 제시될 수 있을 것이다. 두 번째, 근로기준법상 요양보호사의 근로시간, 휴게시간, 연차 사용 등을 준수하는 등 적정 근로시간 유지 및 야간 근무자에 대한 수당 강화와 근무시간 감소 노력이 필요하다. 세 번째, 시설장의 변혁적 리더십 고취를 위한 교육과 개입이 필요하며, 시설장의 자격 기준을 강화해야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서 제안한 요양보호사의 고용안정 및 근무시간에 대한 정책적 지원과 시설장의 변혁적 리더십 증진을 위한 정책적 지원은 정책 입안자들뿐만 아니라 현장의 종사자들이 서비스 질 제고를 위한 방안으로 활용할 수 있다는 측면에서 중요한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.40-68
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• 2001

In this study, grade of subjective symptom appealed by laborer of Jeollabuk-do was evaluated using questionary regarding factor made effect on musculoskeletal disease and in addition, studied relationship with health promotion life style of them. Based on the result, relationship of general characteristics of musculoskeletal subjective symptom and life-style of the subjects was concluded as below. 1. General characteristics of study subjects were as following. Ratio of male was higher as 57.7% of male and 42.2% female and age distribution was 5.1% of 20s, 34.99% of 30s, 36.3% of 40s and 23.7% of 50s and therefore, $30{\sim}40$ aged groups showed highest ratio. Most subjects (74.9%) was married status and in case of education level, high-school graduate and dropout (23.3%) and over-college graduate (46.8%) showed highest distribution. $1{\sim}2$ Mil. KRW (29.5%) and $2{\sim}2.99$ Mil. KRW (21.2%) is the main income distribution and however there was high ratio of non-reply (29.0%). In case of employment period, $10{\sim}14$ years (15.3%) and over 15 years (29.6%) showed highest ratio and there were many non-reply (39.4%) and in addition, 67.6% replied as own house and 14.3% as lease on deposit base in question of residence type. 2. Subjects showed high ratio of subjective symptom appeal of 62.79% and many cases (50.23%) appealed 1 or 2 symptoms. Symptom by body region was 29.8% (waist), 27% (shoulder), 21.2% (knee), 15.5% (neck), 9.5% (ankle), 8.1% (wrist) and 5.0% (elbow) in order. In case of relationship with general characteristics, female comparing with male, non-residence of own house, subjects with lower education level and employment period of $10{\sim}14$ years showed higher appeal rate and kind of symptoms than others. Therefore, it was concluded that rate of musculoskeletal symptom appeal have close relationship with gender, level of living, education level, age and employment period. 3. In case of severe pain of upper body except waist and ankle, it was appealed in both or right side and it means that upper body pain is originated from right side and right region pain is transited to both region pain. In addition, there was 39.41% of non-reply to existence of right-left region pain and therefore, it was evaluated that, in may cases, there was no awareness of their own symptom condition even on subjective symptom. 4. Degree of pain was, as pain over middle level, evaluated as 2.79 on full mark of 4.0 and in order of waist (2.97), ankle (2.83), knee (2.82), wrist (2.82), neck (2.79), shoulder (2.70) and elbow (2.62). In addition, 71.97% appealed $2{\sim}3$ cases for the latest 1 week. Owing to subjective symptom, 54.95% drop into hospital or pharmacy, 10.32% made temporary retirement or absence, 7.99% transferred into more comfortable duty and $39.4{\sim}54%$ experienced one or more managing mentioned above. 5. Fulfillment of health promotion life style of subjects was evaluated on full mark of 4.0 and total score was 2.63. Average mark of each area was personal relationship (3.05), self-realization (2.92), stress management (2.63), health control (2.48), physical exercise (2.19) and nutrition management (2.19) and personal relationship was highest and physical exercise and nutrition management were lowest. As general characteristics influencing health promotion life style, gender, residence style and employment period showed significant difference. Male showed higher mark than female and showed higher mark in order of own house, others, lease on deposit base, monthly rent. Subjects with longer employment period showed higher mark with significant difference. 6. Accounting of factor influencing each area of health promotion life style, self-realization showed significance in marriage status, income, residence style and education level and health control in age, residence style and employment period. Physical exercise showed significant difference in gender, age, residence style and employment period and nutrition in gender, age, residence style and employment period. Stress management showed significant difference in residence style and employment period and however not in personal relationship. 7. Health promotion life style relating with existence and kind of pain showed significant difference in all area except personal relationship area. In absence of pain, there was statistically significant high score in all area even in total health promotion life style and all area. Accounting of kind of pain, cases of $1{\sim}2$ kinds of pain and $5{\sim}6$ kinds of pain showed relatively high score and it was lower than mark of subject stated absence of pain. 8. Subjects appeal symptom were classified by symptom region and difference of total and each areas were evaluated. General area (p=0.002), self-realization (p=0.012), health management (p=0.023), physical exercise (p=0.028), nutrition management (p=0.028) and stress control (p=0.001) showed statistically significant difference and not in personal relationship area. Especially, elbow, shoulder and neck area marked high and group appealed pain of knee, arm and elbow, foot and ankle marked low. Based on those results, subjective symptom should be accounted seriously in diagnosis of occupational musculoskeletal disease of laborer and among subjective symptom, general characteristics of gender, age, condition of living, education level and employment period make effect. Generally subject appeal symptom marked lower than subject without symptom appeal and it means that life management of subject appealing musculoskeletal pain make important role in management and treatment of occupational musculoskeletal disease.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2019

본 연구는 근로청소년을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 업무과잉, 일생활 균형, 직무열의 정도를 파악하고 직무열의에 미치는 영향을 성별로 구분하여 알아보고자 하였다. 제5차 근로환경조사에 응답한 만 24세 이하 1,772명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 일반적 특성, 업무과잉, 일생활 균형, 직무열의 정도는 기술통계, t-검정, ANOVA를 이용하였으며, 직무열의에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 다중 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과, 남성의 경우 전문직, 자영업, 주 41-52시간 근무, 고용차별을 경험한 적이 없는 경우 직무열의는 높았다. 여성의 경우 만 19세 이하, 대졸 이상, 전문직, 임시근로, 주 41-52시간 근무, 성차별, 고용차별을 경험한 적이 없는 경우 직무열의는 높았다. 또한, 남녀 모두 업무과잉이 적고 일생활 균형 상태일수록 직무열의는 높았다. 본 연구는 우리나라 근로자의 대표성을 지니는 근로환경조사를 이용한 근로청소년의 직무열의 연구라는 점에서 의의가 있겠으나, 학업 여부나 군 복무 등 구체적인 상황을 고려하지 못한 한계를 지닌다. 본 연구를 통하여 근로청소년을 이해하고 직무열의 향상을 위한 교육 프로그램 개발에 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.