• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2001

In order to establish a whitefly control system using conventional groups of insecticide(carbamate, organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides), three alternative application methods were designed on the medium growth stage of cucumber. To discriminate the effectiveness of these sequences observed were the residual activity of insecticides, frequency of insecticide applications, residue of insecticides in cucumber leaves, development of insecticide resistance in whitefly, and yield of fruits. Spraying furathiocarb, a carbamate insecticide, was very effective in reducing the frequency of application for the control of white flies. The effectiveness of furathiocarb was enhanced by the potentiation process to carbofuran, the long residual activity, and the lower development rate of insecticide resistance. Methion, an organophosphorus insecticide, did not show resistance development after successive use but resulted in short residual activity. However, other organophosphates, profenofos and phenthoate, lost their activity by the resistance development. Decreasing activity was common to pyrethroids, deltamethrin and zetacypermethrin due to resistance. From these results it could be drawn a conclusion that furathiocarb, a carbamate insecticide, was the most desirable among conventional insecticide groups for the management of greenhouse whitefly population on the cucumber. To prevent an outbreak of the insect pest by various cause, it was recommended to choose acetamiprid, a nicotinoid, which showed very good control efficacy to the resistance insects to conventional insecticides.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2006

Six organophosphorus, one organochlorine, and three synthetic pyrethroid pesticides were analyzed for their residues during washing and hot-air drying of red peppers conducted in the production of powder. The residue ratio in organophosphorus pesticides was 33% in chlorpyrifos, 31 % in diazinon, 50% in methidathion, 80% in EPN, 28% in fenitrothion, and 60% in profenofos. The ratio in pyrethroids was 109% in cypermethrin, 102% in deltamethrin, and 106% in fenvalerate. That in organochlorine was 56% in ${\alpha}$-endosulfan and 90% in ${\beta}$-endosulfan. The results were greatly different between organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. UV irradiation along with hot-air drying brought about a remarkable reduction of the residues, up to 70% as compared with hot-air drying only. The removal effect was most remarkable in pyrethroids, which are hardly removed by hot-air drying. The color of the pepper was not changed during UV irradiation. The use of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide during washing did not show a remarkable removal of residues. The residue ratio was not affected whether the pesticide is contaminated artificially or naturally.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1439-1446
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• 2009

Isocarbophos is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide that has caused environmental pollution in many areas. However, degradation of isocarbophos by pure cultures has not been extensively studied, and the degradation pathway has not been determined. In this paper, a highly effective isocarbophos-degrading strain, scl-2, was isolated from isocarbophos-polluted soil. The strain scl-2 was preliminarily identified as Arthrobacter sp. based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as 16S rDNA analysis. The strain scl-2 could utilize isocarbophos as its sole source of carbon and phosphorus for growth. One hundred mg/l isocarbophos could be degraded to a non detectable level in 18 h by scl-2 in cell culture, and isofenphos-methyl, profenofos, and phosmet could also be degraded. During the degradation of isocarbophos, the metabolites isopropyl salicylate, salicylate, and gentisate were detected and identified based on MS/MS analysis and their retention times in HPLC. Transformation of gentisate to pyruvate and fumarate via maleylpyruvate and fumarylpyruvate was detected by assaying for the activities of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (GDO) and maleylpyruvate isomerase. Therefore, we have identified the degradation pathway of isocarbophos in Arthrobacter sp. scl-2 for the first time. This study highlights an important potential use of the strain scl-2 for the cleanup of environmental contamination by isocarbophos and presents a mechanism of isocarbophos metabolism.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.313-327
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• 2023

Zinc metal organic framework (MOF_Zn)-loaded goad nanoparticles (AuNPs) sol (Au@MOF_Zn), which was characterized by TEM, Mapping, FTIR, XRD, and molecular spectrum, was prepared conveniently by solvothermal method. The results indicated that Au@MOF_Zn had a very strong catalytic effect with the nanoreaction of AuNPs formation between sodium oxalate (SO) and HAuCl4. AuNPs in the new indicator reaction had a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) signal at 370 nm. The indicator AuNPs generated by this reaction, which had the most intense surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak at 1621 cm -1. The new SERS/RRS indicator reaction in combination with specific aptamer (Apt) to fabricate a sensitive and selective Au@MOF_Zn catalytic amplification-aptamer SERS/RRS assay platform for carbendazim (CBZ), with SERS/RRS linear range of 0.025-0.5 ng/mL. The detection limit was 0.02 ng/mL. Similarly, this assay platform has been also utilized to detect oxytetracycline (OTC) and profenofos (PF).