• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-107
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• 2010

In this article, since the financial crisis, Korean employment movement to service market, productivity gap between manufacturing and service industry was significant compared with other countries. The results from productivity decomposition show that negative structural changes, which employment increase is contrary to the productivity, have been intensified since the financial crisis. It is caused from a different developing pattern. While the proportion of employment was reduced, productivity has improved in manufacturing industry. While the developing was due to the high increase of the employment proportion in service industry, productivity was not improved significantly. This tendency is clearly revealed in international comparisons. In Korea the negative trend of structural changes in service industry are intensified compared to manufacturing industry after the financial crisis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.291-299
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of wintering waterfowl's feces prior to planting rice on nutrient dynamics, rice growth, and decomposition of rice straws in a controlled mesocosm. Waterfowl's feces and rice straws were placed on paddy soils in a mesocosm and the water level maintained at 5 cm. The amounts of supplied feces were 0 (control), 222, and 444 g/$m^2$. While the addition of feces showed no immediate effects, nutrients in the surface water increased in the month following treatment. Nutrients increased to a greater degree in the treatments with more feces added. Simultaneously, the decomposition of rice straws was promoted, indicating that more nutrients would be made available over time. The rice showed high productivity in the period during which nutrient level was increased, when rice needs more nutrients for the tillering stage. Therefore, the wintering waterfowl's feces could be associated with increased productivity during the growing season of rice through promoting nutrient supply and rapid decomposition of rice residue.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

We measured net primary productivity, annual accumulation of organic carbon and leaf decomposition of Salix community in the flood plain of the Han River and the Nakdong River. Net primary productivity, annual accumulation of organic carbon of the Salix community were 22.5ton/ha/yr(16.7ton/ha/yr-31.2ton/ha/yr) and 9.7ton C/ha/yr(7.5ton C/ha/yr-14.0ton C/ha/yr) respectively, which showed the highest values among the woody plant communities reported in the Korea. It means that planting Salix in the flood plain of the river is the best way to remove carbon dioxides. The faster leaf decomposition occurred around, under and the herb of Salix community in order. Leaf decomposition rate of Salix was higher than that of mesophytes, but lower than that of hydrophytes.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.542-560
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• 2016

This study determines whether or not firms can achieve high productivity growth through external technology acquisition. It also identifies the key factors affecting adopting firms' productivity growth by employing the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) methodology, which features computational ease, low data dependency, and decomposition of productivity growth into technical efficiency change and technical change. Results showed that the effects of productivity growth arising from technology transfer became stronger over time. Moreover, patent transfer guaranteed firms' productivity growth, but no evidence was found that factors such as age and size could increase productivity. Finally, cultural similarity could be another factor conditioning the effectiveness of technology transfer in the productivity of adopting firms.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.411-433
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• 2015

This paper decomposed energy productivity changes across 14 Korean manufacturing industries into 5 components, technological catch-up(EC), technological progress(TC), and changes in labor-energy ratio(LC), capital-energy ratio(KC) and energy mix(EMC). Then we also figured out the possible relationship between energy productivity change and export growth rate across the industries. It is found that (1) technological progress, changes in capital-energy ratio and energy mix contribute to energy productivity growth in Korea during the sample period, (2) technological progress is the primary driving forces for energy productivity growth, (3) increase in export growth rate had a positive impact on energy productivity growth excepting a part of energy-intensive industries.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.4 s.8
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

The butane decomposition over the catalyst is an attractive method for the hydrogen production. The objective of the work was investigated the catalysis of carbon black in butane decomposition reaction. The Butane decomposition was performed over carbon black catalyst in a range of $500-1100^{\circ}C$. The butane conversion of thermal decomposition and catalytic decomposition were increased with increasing the reaction temperature The butane conversion of the thermal decomposition was higher than the butane conversion of the catalytic decomposition. Hydrogen and methane were mostly observed in the butane decomposition over $1000^{\circ}C$. Especially, the hydrogen yield was steadily increased with raising the reaction temperature, It could be known that the hydrogen yield of the catalytic decomposition was higher than one of the thermal cracking because the hydrogen productivity was improved by the catalyst. The deactivation of the catalyst was not observed in the reactivity test. The surface and crystalline of the fresh and used catalysts were characterized by TEM, BET surface area and XRD analysis, respectively. The fresh carbon black particles had mostly smoothly round-shaped surfaces. In the surface of the carbon black after the reaction, the deposited carbon was formed as the protrusion-shaped carbon and the cone-shaped. The proper peaks of carbon black appeared in XRD analysis.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.121-139
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• 2019

Decomposition of litter is a function of various interrelated variables, both biotic and abiotic factors. Litter decomposition acts like a natural fertilizer play a prime role in maintaining the productivity and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems. There are few studies of decomposition carried out in agroforestry systems with coffee; so it is necessary to perform more research work to fill the research gap, which will allow a better understanding of the management of the coffee agroforestry systems. This paper is based on the theoretical and conceptual aspects of leaf litter decomposition in agroforestry systems, emphasizing the combination with coffee cultivation and critically examined the role of the different factors involved in the decomposition. This study made a comparison of different investigations with regards to weight loss, decomposition rates (k), initial chemical composition, and release of the main nutrients. This study suggested that it is necessary to implement studies of decomposition and mineralization, and the microflora and fauna associated with these processes, so that serves as an important tool to develop a model for enabling a description of the short, medium, and long-term dynamics of soil nutrients in coffee agroforestry systems.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.241-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirical evidences of productivity of life insurance institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the productivity of the life insurance institutions in Malaysia. The overall findings show that the total factor productivity (TFP) has progressed by 2.5% per year during the study period from 2012 to 2016 in the Malaysian insurance industry. However, TFP change has declined from 2012 to 2015 and observed a negative growth in 2015-16 (3.3%). The highest productivity progress was documented during 2012-13 at a rate of 11.7% while the minimum productivity progress was during 2014-15 (only 0.2%). The results also indicate that the decomposition of TFP found that overall progress could mainly be attributed to technological change (TC). However, technical efficiency change (TEC) and pure technical efficiency change (PTE) have negative impact on TFP. The findings also show that most of the insurance companies have a steady growth. Therefore, this study will contribute new insights for the policy makers and insurance institutions to take appropriate steps in developing relevant policies for increasing productivity of insurance institutions in Malaysia.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 2005

The Seoul Metropolitan Area's economy has undergone structural changes since the 1990s. With recent structural changes in the Korean economy in mind, this paper employs a decomposition analysis of Gross Regional Domestic Product per head and labor productivity to examine how the region's economic performance has changed relative to that of Korea since the 1900s. There are some findings. First, a strong cumulative causation process, derived from industrial linkages and agglomeration effects, has oocurred in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, widening economic disparities between the Seoul Metropolitan Area and the other regions especially since the Korean financial crisis in 1997 mainly due to Gyeonggi province's overwhelming cumulative GRDP growth relative to the national average. Second, the Seoul Metropolitan Area has begun w display good economic performance in terms of labour productivity relative w the national average since the late 1990s, with the region's industrial upgrading being implemented. Finally, manufacturing, financial intermediation and communications have made sensitive contributions to relative Seoul Metropolitan Area's labor productivity growth.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.376-384
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• 2019

Background: Nutrient release during litter decomposition was investigated in Vitex doniana, Terminalia avecinioides, Sarcocephallus latifolius, and Parinari curatellifolius in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria (January 10 to March 10 and from June 10 to August 10, 2016). Leaf decomposition was measured as loss in mass of litter over time using the decay model W_t/W₀ = e-^{kd t}, while $Kd=-{\frac{1}{t}}In({\frac{Wt}{W0}})$ was used to evaluate decomposition rate. Time taken for half of litter to decompose was measured using T₅₀ = ln ²/k; while nutrient accumulation index was evaluated as $NAI=(\frac{{\omega}t\;Xt}{{\omega}oXo})$. Results: Average mass of litter remaining after exposure ranged from 96.15 g, (V. doniana) to 78.11 g, (S. lafolius) in dry (November to March) and wet (April to October) seasons. Decomposition rate was averagely faster in the wet season (0.0030) than in the dry season (0.0022) with P. curatellifolius (0.0028) and T. avecinioides (0.0039) having the fastest decomposition rates in dry and wet seasons. Mean residence time (days) ranged from 929 to 356, while the time (days) for half the original mass to decompose ranged from 622 to 201 (dry and wet seasons). ANOVA revealed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) in decomposition rates and exposure time (days) and a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between species and exposure time in both seasons. Conclusion: Slow decomposition in the plant leaves implied carbon retention in the ecosystem and slow release of CO₂ back to the atmosphere, while nitrogen was mineralized in both seasons. The plants therefore showed effectiveness in nutrient cycling and support productivity in the ecosystem.