• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2014

Carbon footprint of apple was a sum of $CO_2$ emission in the step of manufacturing waste of agri-materials, and greenhouse gas emission during apple cultivation. Input amount of agri-materials was calculated on 2007 Income reference of Apple by Rural Development Administration. Emission factor of each agri- materials was based on domestic data and Ecoinvent data. $N_2O$ emission factor was based on 1996 IPCC guideline. Carbon dioxide was emitted 0.64 kg $CO_2$ to produce 1 kg apple fruit, and carbon dioxide was emitted 43.6% in the step of the manufacturing byproduct fertilizer, 1.3% in the step of the manufacturing single fertilizer, 4.7% in the step of the manufacturing composite fertilizer, 6.3% in the step of the manufacturing agri-chemicals, 14.6% in the step of the manufacturing fuel, 11.5% in the step of the fuel combustion, 17.7% of $N_2O$ emission by nitrogen application and 0.18% of disposal of agri-materials. It is needed for farmers to use fertilization recommendation based on soil testing (soil. rda.go.kr) because scientific fertilization is a major tools to reduce carbon dioxide of apple production. The fertilization recommendation could be also basic data in Measurable-ReporTablele-Verifiable (MRV) system for carbon footprint.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.154-167
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• 2004

The TOC/DBR and Six Sigma are the most attention-getting concepts for managing manufacturing companies in Korea. Using the ideas and methods of the TOC/DBR, companies can achieve a large reduction of work-in-process and finished-good inventories, significant improvement in scheduling performance, and substantial earnings increase. The Six Sigma approach derives the overall process of selecting the right projects based on their potential to improve performance metrics and selecting/training the right people to get the business results. These two concepts have different backgrounds and different viewpoints for production systems. So, if the two concepts collaborate each other, the synergy effects to innovate production systems can be expected. This paper proposes a new approach to implement the TOC/DBR concepts in production systems. This approach uses some concepts of Six Sigma which stresses educations, project approaches (step by step procedure using a Roadmap), and improvement philosophy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.56-57
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• 2011

In this paper, production of antenna or substrate using printing techniques and pattern methods for the semiconductor impurities and SO3H, and its print production process using the step-by-step will be introduced. For mass production problems that can be compared PANI(Polyaniline) is an introduction to the feature. Simple printed substrate is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

Two-step thermochemical cycle using ferrite-oxide($Fe_2O_4$) device was investigated. The $H_2O$(g) was converted into $H_2$ in the first experiment which was performed using a dish type solar thermal system. However the experiment was lasted only for 2 cycles because the metal oxide device was sintered and broken down. Another problem was that the reaction was taken place mainly on a side of the metal oxide device. The m-$ZrO_2$, which was widely known as a material preventing sintering, was applied on the metal oxide device. The ferrite loading rate and the thickness of the metal oxide device were increased from 10.67wt% to 20wt% and from 10mm to 15mm, respectively. The chemical reactor having two inlets was designed in order to supply the reactants uniformly to the metal oxide device. The second-experiment was lasted for 5 cycles, which was for 6 hours. The total amount of the $H_2$ production was 861.30ml. And cerium oxide($CeO_2$) device was used for increasing $H_2$ production rate. $CeO_2$ device had low thermal resistance, however, more $H_2$ production rate than $Fe_2O_4$ device.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-60
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• 2020

This study aims to apply Arduino and 3D printing technology considered as a key subject in the age of 4th industrial revolution which is a step 1 for customizing and applying the process of production by chemical molding companies producing environment-friendly biodegradable packaging materials to the 3D printing teaching in universities. Step 3 is applied to IoT for Arduino application, and 3D printing technology is also used on the basis of teaching creative integrated human resource. Integration of Arduino with 3D printers is based on the assumption that middle- and high-school students can learn it step by step to higher levels and university students majoring or not majoring in computing science can also have computing skills for solving 3D printing-based problems. For IoT application in this study, the 3D printing technology is applied to the external shape of products for producing an Arduino-based lighting fixture. The applied 3D printing technology is further extended to teaching modeling of producing packaging materials by chemical product molding companies in the age of 4th industrial revolution.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose adoption of QFD and Stage-gate in order to analyze the quality of korea defense system. Methods: Drawing change data of initial production phase in korea defense system were anlayzed and a practical method was proposed. Results: The results of this study are as follows; Off line Quality Control should be introduced in development phase. Specially, in case of defense system, the best method is QFD(Quality Function Deployment) and Stage-gate process. At first, QFD 1 step defines product planning from VOC(Voice Of Customer), QFD 2 step specifies part planning from product planning, QFD 3 step defines process planning from part planning, QFD 4 step defines production planning from previous process planning. Secondly, Stage-gate process is adopted. This study is proposed 5 stage-gate in case of korea defense development. Gate 1 is located after SFR(System Function Review), Gate 2 is located after PDR(Preliminary Design Review), Gate 3 is located after CDR(Critical Design Review), Gate 4 is located after TRR(Test Readiness Review) and Gate 5 is located before specification documentation submission. Conclusion: Off line QC(Quality Control) in development phase is necessary prior to on line QC(Quality Control) in p roduction phase. For the purpose of off line quality control, QFD(Quality Function Deployment) and Stage-gate process can be adopted.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2014

Generally, over 95% of manufacturing cost is determined in the design and manufacturing preparation step, especially a great part of productivity is determined in the manufacturing preparation step. In order to improve the manufacturing competitiveness, we have to verify the problems that can be occurred in the production step and remove the unnecessary factors in the manufacturing preparation step. Thus, manufacturing industries are adopting digital manufacturing system based on modeling & simulation. In this paper, we introduce e-FEED system (electronic based Front End Engineering and Design) that is the integrated design and analysis system for optimized manufacturing line development based on simulation automation and explain the work process (Design, Analysis and Optimization) about manufacturing line development using e-FEED system. Also, the effect is described through the real implementation cases.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.111.1-111.1
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• 2011

Recently, comsumption of fossil fuel is causing many problems(oilflation, global warming, environmental pollution). For this reason Renewable energy is now becoming the center of interest as a solution to these problems. Bioethanol, especially, is able to substitute petroleum as fuel; making it a viable and promising renewable energy. In order to production of fuel bioethanol, Dehydration process is essential. Azeotropic distillation, extractive and pressure swing absorption(PSA) process are some of possible dehydration process, out of which, PSA process is attractive since it required less energy and lower setup cost. In this study, we produced fuel bioethanol using 2-step PSA(3 bed + 2 bed) process for more efficient and economical process. Through this study, we produced fuel bioethanol using 2-step PSA process and concentration of fuel bioethanol was 99.54wt%(feed ethanol: 92.4wt%). We expected that because of efficient use of absorbents(zeolite), 2 step PSA process contribute to economical operation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.490-496
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• 2002

The production of E. coli WC7 phytase from a recombinant E. coli strain was optimized using a statistical experimental design approach. Two-level complete factorial designs with seven variables were used for the media optimization. In the first optimization step, the influence of disodium succinate, yeast extract, $K_2HPO_4,\;NH_4H_2PO_4,\;MgSO_4$, NaCl, and trace elements on phytase production was evaluated. As a result, disodium succinate, yeast extract, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, NaCl, and the trace elements were found to have a positive influence on the phytase production, while $K_2HPO_4\;and\;MgSO_4$ had a negative influence. In the second step, the concentrations of disodium succinate and yeast extract were further optimized using central composite designs. The maximum phytase activity obtained was 234 U/ml using 15.9 g/1 disodium succinate, 20 g/1 yeast extract, 5 g/1 K_2HPO_4,\;10 g/1 NH_4H_2PO_4,\;1.5 g/1 MgSO_4$, 4 g/1 NaCl, and 1.5 m1/1 trace elements, which was about a 14-fold increase in comparison with that obtained using the basal medium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.413-422
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• 2000

Samples of banana were dried in a two-stage heat pump dryer capable of producing stepwise control of the inlet drying air temperature while keeping absolute humidity constant. Two stepwise air temperature profiles were tested. The incremental temperature step change in temperature of the drying air about the mean air temperature of 30 $^{\circ}C$ was 5 $^{\circ}C$. The total drying time for each temperature-time profile was about 300 minutes. The drying kinetics and color change of the products dried under these stepwise variation of the inlet air temperature were measured and compared with constant air temperature drying. The stepwise air temperature variation was found to yield better quality product in terms of color of the dried product. Further, it was found that by employing a step-down temperature profile, it was possible to reduce the drying time to reach the desired moisture content.