• Title/Summary/Keyword: Production effect

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Stimulation of Flowering in Chamaecyparis obtusa Grafts by Gibberellin Treatments (Gibberellin 처리(處理)에 의(依)한 편백나무의 개화촉진(開花促進))

  • Kim, Won Woo;Kim, Zin Suh
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.87 no.4
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    • pp.549-556
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    • 1998
  • To develop the effective methods of flowering stimulation, Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieh. et Zuec.) grafts growing in a seed orchard and in a clone bank in Southern Breeding Station of Cheju were applied with gibberellin treatments, and predicted the seed production potential. In the seed orchard, $GA_{4/7}$ 1.5cc was injected into the stem of drafts and sprayed whale tree crown with $GA_3$ 300ppm and $GA_{4/7}$ 300ppm. Un the other hand, in the clonal archives, drafts were given intrusion of $GA_{4/7}$ 1.5cc into the excised and open inner part of bark wind $GA_3$ 20mg and sprayed with $GA_3$ 300ppm. Additionally, grafts growing in the seed orchard were treated with gibberellins at 3 different periods of time and 3 different treatments during the growing season. The results obtained here are summarized as follows : 1. All of the applications of Gilbberellin promoted female flower formation. Among these, the treatment of intrusion of $GA_{4/7}$ 1.5cc into the excised and open inner part of bark was racist effective, followed by the spraying of $GA_3$ 300ppm. Similarly, the applications of gibberellin promoted male flower formation. 2. Regarding the time of applications, treatment on August 15 was more effective than those of August 31 and September 11 in the stimulation of female flowers. On the contrary, there was no significant difference in the number of male flowers among 3 different time treatments. 3. It was supposed that the application of the intrusion of $GA_{4/7}$ 1.5cc into the excised and open inner part of bark on August 15 showing the best effect in female flower formation can produce 22.12kg seeds per ha. 4. Considerable significant difference existed among clones for both female and male flower formations. 5. Flower formation, especially female flower formation, seemed to be partially associated with the genetic potential of individual trees.

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EFFECT OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR GENE INJECTION ON THE NERVE REGENERATION IN RAT LINGUAL NERVE CRUSH-INJURY MODEL (백서 설신경 압박손상모델에서 신경성장인자 유전자 주입이 신경재생에 미치는 영향)

  • Gao, En-Feng;Chung, Hun-Jong;Ahn, Kang-Min;Kim, Soung-Min;Kim, Yun-Hee;Jahng, Jeong-Won;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.375-395
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: Lingual nerve (LN) damage may be caused by either tumor resection or injury such as wisdom tooth extraction, Although autologous nerve graft is sometimes used to repair the damaged nerve, it has the disadvantage of necessity of another operation for nerve harvesting. Moreover, the results of nerve grafting is not satisfactory. The nerve growth factor (NGF) is well-known to play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration and its local delivery to the injured nerve has been continuously tried to enhance nerve regeneration. However, its application has limitations like repeated administration due to short half life of 30 minutes and an in vivo delivery model must allow for direct and local delivery. The aim of this study was to construct a well-functioning $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus for the ultimate development of improved method to promote peripheral nerve regeneration with enhanced and extended secretion of hNGF from the injured nerve by injecting $rhNGF-{\beta}$ gene directly into crush-injured LN in rat model. Materials and Methods: $hNGF-{\beta}$ gene was prepared from fetal brain cDNA library and cloned into E1/E3 deleted adenoviral vector which contains green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene as a reporter. After large scale production and purification of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, transfection efficiency and its expression at various cells (primary cultured Schwann cells, HEK293 cells, Schwann cell lines, NIH3T3 and CRH cells) were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the function of rhNGF-beta, which was secreted from various cells infected with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, was evaluated using neuritogenesis of PC-12 cells. For in vivo evaluation of efficacy of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, the LNs of 8-week old rats were exposed and crush-injured with a small hemostat for 10 seconds. After the injury, $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus($2{\mu}l,\;1.5{\times}10^{11}pfu$) or saline was administered into the crushed site in the experimental (n=24) and the control group (n=24), respectively. Sham operation of another group of rats (n=9) was performed without administration of either saline or adenovirus. The taste recovery and the change of fungiform papilla were studied at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Each of the 6 animals was tested with different solutions (0.1M NaCl, 0.1M sucrose, 0.01M QHCl, or 0.01M HCl) by two-bottle test paradigm and the number of papilla was counted using SEM picture of tongue dorsum. LN was explored at the same interval as taste study and evaluated electro-physiologically (peak voltage and nerve conduction velocity) and histomorphometrically (axon count, myelin thickness). Results: The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying $rhNGF-{\beta}$ was constructed and confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis. GFP expression was observed in 90% of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells compared with uninfected cells. Total mRNA isolated from $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells showed strong RT-PCR band, however uninfected or LacZ recombinant adenovirus infected cells did not. NGF quantification by ELISA showed a maximal release of $18865.4{\pm}310.9pg/ml$ NGF at the 4th day and stably continued till 14 days by $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cells. PC-12 cells exposed to media with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cell revealed at the same level of neurite-extension as the commercial NGF did. $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus injected experimental groups in comparison to the control group exhibited different taste preference ratio. Salty, sweet and sour taste preference ratio were significantly different after 2 weeks from the beginning of the experiment, which were similar to the sham group, but not to the control group.

Control of Daily Integral PPE by the Artificial Lighting and shading screen In Greenhouse (인공광 및 차광스크린을 이용한 온실의 일일적산 광합성유효광량자속 조절)

  • 이현우
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2003
  • The object of this study was to develop the control technology of daily integral photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) by the artificial lighting and shading screen in greenhouse. The shading time needed to get the target PPF by using two types of shading screens having shading ratio of 55% and 85% was analyzed. The results showed the shading ratio of screen to be installed in greenhouse should be different depending on the amount of target PPF to be controlled. The PPF control experiment by using the 55% shading screen in July and August showed that the maximum difference between measured and calculated value was about 5 mol$.$ $m^{-2}$ $.$ $d^{-1}$ in no shading condition. This difference is satisfactory result because the daily integral PPF is quite different depending on the weather condition. The simulation result about PPF distribution pattern shortened the time needed to find the proper arrangement of artificial lightings in greenhouse. But the further study was required to find the supplemental lighting arrangement to be able to provide the exactly uniform distribution of target light intensity. The supplemental irradiation time needed to acquire the target daily integral PPF for different supplemental light intensities, weather conditions, and months was analyzed. The result showed that the supplemental light intensity should be decided depending on the amount of target PPF to be controlled. The result of PPF control experiment conducted by using 55% shading screen and 300 $\mu$mol$.$ $m^{-2}$ $.$ $s^{-1}$ supplemental light intensity from the end of May to the beginning of June showed that the maximum difference between target and measured value was about 3 mol$.$ $d^{-1}$ $.$ $m^{-2}$ . If we consider that the difference of the daily integral PPF depending on weather condition was the maximum 30 mol$.$ $m^{-2}$ $.$ $d^{-l}$, the control effect was acceptable. Although the result of this study was the PPF control technology to grow lettuce, the data and control method obtained could be employed for other crop production.n.

Study on the Antioxidant and Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitory Activities of Mushroom Ramaria formosa Extracts (붉은싸리버섯 추출물의 항산화 및 Human Neutrophil Elastase 저해활성)

  • Kim, Kwan-Chul;Kwon, Yong-Beom;Jang, Hae-Dong;Kim, Jae Wha;Jeong, Jae Cheol;Lee, Ik-Soo;Ha, Byung-Jo;Yoo, Ick-Dong
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.269-278
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    • 2016
  • In searching for novel agents for skin anti-aging from natural resources, we found that the extract of the fruiting bodies of Ramaria formosa (R. formosa) had significant antioxidant and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory activities. R. formosa extract exhibited a considerable DPPH radical scavenging activity with an antioxidant content of 117.0mg/mL (ascorbic acid equivalents) at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$. The capacity of R. formosa extract to scavenge peroxy radicals measured by ORAC assay also showed dose-dependent antioxidant effect with $ORAC_{Roo}$ (trolox equivalents, $1{\mu}M$) values of 0.8, 5.2, and 7.8 at the concentrations of 1, 10, and $20{\mu}g/mL$. The cellular antioxidant capacity of R. formosa extract was investigated by assaying the cellular fluorescence intensity using dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF). The cellular oxidative stress induced by AAPH, $Cu^{2+}$ or $H_2O_2$ in HepG2 cells was significantly attenuated by more than 30% at $20{\mu}g/mL$ of R. formosa extract. HNE activity was reduced by treatment with R. formosa extract in a dose-dependent manner, and the $ED_{50}$ value for the ethanol extract of R. formosa was $42.9{\mu}g/mL$. R. formosa extract did not exhibited antimicrobial activity against four microorganisms including Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Candida albicans (C. albicans), Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae). Furthermore, the extract did not affect the inflammatory cytokine production of interleukin-10 and interferon-${\gamma}$ in NK92 cells. From the above results, we found that R. formosa extract has considerable antioxidant and elastase inhibitory effects, and does not stimulate immune cells. These findings suggest that R. formosa extract may be used as a bioactive component in cosmetic composition.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Ishige sinicola ethanol extract in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell and mouse model (LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 Cell과 마우스 모델에 대한 넓패(Ishige sinicola) 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 효과)

  • Kim, Ji-Hye;Kim, Min-Ji;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Park, Sun-Hee;Cho, Kwang-Su;Kim, Go-Eun;XU, Xiaotong;Lee, Da-Hye;Park, Ga-Ryeong;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.24 no.8
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    • pp.1149-1157
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    • 2017
  • Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation in our body. The use of medicinal plants has been widely applied as an alternative source for drug development. One of marine natural resources, the anti-inflammatory effect of Ishige sinicola ethanol extract (ISEE), was evaluated by using LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell and mice model. As a result, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$) were inhibited with increasing concentration of ISEE without any cytotoxicity. Furthermore, ISEE suppressed the expression of not only inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) p65, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in a dose-dependent manner. In mice ear edema test, the formation of edema was reduced at the highest dosage of ISEE and the reduction of the number of infiltrated mast cells was observed in histological analysis. These results indicate that ISEE has a potent anti-inflammatory activity and can be used as a pharmaceutical material for many kinds of inflammatory disease.

Alteration of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis System According to Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 우심실 기능 부전에 따른 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해계 변화)

  • Kim, Young;Jang, Yoon Soo;Kim, Hyung Jung;Kim, Se Kyu;Chang, Joon;Ahn, Chul Min;Kim, Sung Kyu;Kwak, Jin Young;Choi, Jin Hwa
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.60 no.6
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    • pp.625-630
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    • 2006
  • Background: Pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients is the result of a direct effect of tobacco smoke on the intrapulmonary vessels with the abnormal production of the mediators that control vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and vascular cell proliferation, which ultimately lead to aberrant vascular remodeling and physiology. COPD patients are prone to the developmint of an acute and chronic thromboembolism with an elevation of the plasma procoagulant and fibrinolytic markers However, the roles of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system on the right ventricular dysfunction in COPD patients are not well defined. We examined the alteration of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in COPD patients according to the right ventricular function measured using cardiac multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: The right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured using cardiac MDCT in 26 patients who were diagnosed with COPD according to the definition of the GOLD guideline. The plasma level of thrombin antithrombin (TAT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 were measured using an enzyme linked immunoassay. Results: The plasma TAT was markedly elevated in COPD patients ($10.5{\pm}19.8{\mu}g/L$) compared with those of the control ($3.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}g/L$) (p<0.01). However, the plasma PAI-1 in COPD patients ($29.6{\pm}20.7ng/mL$) was similar to that in the controls. The plasma TAT showed a significant inverse relationship with the RVEF measured by the cardiac MDCT in COPD patients (r=-0.645, p<0.01). However, the plasma PAI-1 did not show a relationship with the RVEF (r=0.022, p=0.92). Conclusion: These results suggest that the coagulation system in COPD patients is markedly activated, and that the plasma level of TAT might be a marker of a right ventricular dysfunction in COPD patients.

The Effect of Ginseng Saponins on the Biosynthesis of Prostaglandins (인삼 Saponin이 Prostaglandin 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Park C.W.;Lee S.H.
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 1988.08a
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    • pp.77-80
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    • 1988
  • The effects of ginseng saponins and some phenolic acids on the in vitro biosynthesis of prostaglandins was examined in order to identify the role of some ginseng components on the regulaion of arachidonic acid metabolism. The productions of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2).$ prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}(PGF_2{\alpha}).$ thromboxane $B_2(TxB_2)$ and 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_1{\alpha}(6-keto-PGF_1{\alpha})$ from $[^3H]-arachidonic$ acid were evaluated with rabbit kidney microsome. human platelet homogenate and bovine aortic microsome. The amounts of the total cyclooxy-genase products from arachidonic acid did't show significant changes in the presence of ginseng saponins. Panaxadiol. panaxatriol and all of the ginsenosides used in these experiments reduced the formation of $TxB_2.$ while increased the $6-keto-PGF_1{\alpha}$ production dose dependently. Ginseng saponins did't inhibit the ADP($10{\mu}M$) induced platelet aggregation. but sodium arachidonate (0.5 mM) induced platelet aggregation. but sodium arachidonate (0.5 mM) induced platelet aggregation was signiticantly inhibited. These findings suggest that ginseng saponins seem to playa role in the regulation of the arachidonate metabolism. probably by affecting the divergent biosynthetic pathway of prostaglandins from endoperoxide.

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Callus formation and multiple shoot induction of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (헛개나무의 캘러스 형성 및 multiple shoot 유기)

  • Eom, Seung-Hee;Kang, Won-Hee;Shin, Dong-Yong;Heo, Kwon;Choi, Won-Cheol;Lee, Hyeon-Yong;Yu, Chang-Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.237-242
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    • 2002
  • Loaves, stems, cotyledons, and roots of Hovenia dulcis Thunb grown in test tube were cultured on media containing different concentrations of single or combined growth regulators. In MS media containing 2mg/ι BA, the shoot formation rate was 95.5% and it was the highest frequency of shoot formation. MS media showed most efficiency in the shoot formation at 0.01mg/ι TDZ for the callus formation, but the color of callus changed to brown at a higher concentration of TDZ. Callus formation was 89.% at 0.5mg/ 2.4-D, but IAA, IBA, and NAA were not effective on the formation of callus. Calli were formed only on wound area when IAA, IBA, and NAA were added into MS media. Combined growth regulators (BA + auxin) were more effective in roots and nodes than leaves and cotyledons on the formation of shoot. More than 97% of shoot formation was obtained on MS media containing BA and auxin. For the production of multiple shoot, nodes of Hovenia dulcis were used and effect of growth regulators on the formation of multiple shoot was evaluated on MS media. Highest shoots (5.3) of Hovenia dulcis were induced on MS media supplied with 0.1mg/ι BA and 0.1mg/ι NAA, and an average of 6.4 shoots per explant were obtained in 1/2 MS media containing same concentration and growth regulators. An average of 7 shoots per explant after 4 weeks of culture from nodes of Hovenia dulcis was produced on a woody plant medium(WPM) containing 0.1mg/ι BA and 0.1mg/ι NAA. Shoot length was 6.0 cm in average.

Effect of Temperature and Various Pre-treatments on Germination of Hippophae rhamnoides Seeds (갈매보리수나무 종자의 온도 및 여러 가지 전처리에 따른 발아반응)

  • Choi, Chung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.132-141
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to test seed germination responses to temperatures and pre-treatments in Hippophae rhamnoides, which has many abilities in antioxidant activity, soil improvement and erosion control. H. rhamnoides seeds were placed at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ under light condition. As the results, germination percentage (GP) was the highest at 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, and mean germination time (MGT), germination rate (GR) and germination value (GV) were the highest at $25^{\circ}C$. Quadratic and linear regression model were used to determine the cardinal temperatures such as base ($T_b$), maximum ($T_m$) and optimum ($T_o$) temperature for germination. In quadratic regression model using PG, $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ was estimated as 0.6, 36.4 and $18.5^{\circ}C$, respectively, and temperature range for germination was $35.8^{\circ}C$. In linear regression model using GR, $T_b$, $T_m$ and $T_o$ was estimated as 8.3, 35.4 and $25.3^{\circ}C$, respectively, and temperature range for germination was $27.2^{\circ}C$. Germination properties were investigated after H. rhamnoides seeds were treated by prechilling (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), stratification (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks), solid matrix priming (seed : carrier : water = 5 : 1 : 7, 8, 9 and 10), osmo-priming (-0.25, -0.5, -1.0 and -1.5 MPa) and calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) -priming (100, 200, 300 and 400 mM). The highest GP was observed in $CaCl_2$ 300 and 400 mM treatments, and MGT was the shortest in stratification 6 and 8 weeks treatments. GR and GV were the highest and GP was the second highest when seeds were prechilled for 1 and 2 weeks. Consequently, prechilling 1 or 2 weeks treatment was considered as the appropriate method when we contemplate qualitative and quantitative effects in seedling production.

Estimation of Optimum Raate of Cattle Slurry Application for Forage Production Using Idled Rice Paddy I. The Effect of cattle slurry application on annual dry matter yield in reed canarygrass. (유휴 논토양에서 조사료 생산을 위한 적정 액상구비 시용수준의 추정 I. 액상구비의 시용이 Reed Canarygrass의 연 건물수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 이주삼;조익환;김성규;안종호
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.50-56
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    • 1994
  • This study was investigated for the purposes of securing forage resource using idled rice paddy recently increased in accordance to a current trend of farm products' liberalization and also of presevation of environment by using cattle sluny as liquid manure, which is seriously increasing these days. In this study, mean annual dry matter yield and its seasonal variation with reed canarygrass, and a optimum rate of cattle sluny application were investigated. The results are as follows: 1. According to the conditions of cutting frequencies(3, 4 and 5 cutting per year), mean annual dry matter yield was recorded from 8.9 tons to 10.9 tons per hectare and was the highest at 3 cutting frequency. 2. The use of cattle sluny with the levels of between 300 and 360 kg N per hectare showed a significantly higher mean annual dry matter yield than that of the control (non-fertilization). 3. The treatments with 3 and 4 cutting frequencies(90 kg Nhdyear, 120 kg Nhdyear) recorded higher dry matter yields than the control of the former level by 1.23 tons and 2.34 tons respectively and in the treatment of 5 cutting frequency, the second level with cattle sluny of 300 kg Nhdyear showed an increased dry matter yield of 2.11 tons compared to the former level(l50 kg Nhdyear). With regards to nitrogen efficiency, one kg of nitrogen is applied to 13.7, 19.4 and 14.1 kg of dry matter yields in the conditions of 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies respectively. 4. In view of seasonal variance of annual dry matter yield, the second cut in 3 cutting frequency, the third cut in 4 cutting frequency and the third in 5 cutting frequency showed the highest ratio as 42, 37 and 32% respectively compared to the total. 5. Under the conditions of this study, the 'Input-Output curve' from 5 cutting frequency was the closest to sigmaformed process(i=0.9993) of various cutting frequencies, and the maximum marginal yield in the treatment was obtained at the level of 250 kg Nha with cattle sluny. The economic level of cattle sluny was between 371.0 and 402.2 kg N and the highest dry matter yield was obtained at 489.3 kg Mdyear in the same treatment

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