• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2015

본 연구는 홍삼추출물(홍삼단)과 생약복합추출물(헤모힘)이 주요 기능성분은 다르지만 면역활성이라는 생리활성 측면에서 동일한 효과를 인정하고 있어서 이들의 병용 처리가 면역세포에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 면역활성능에 관한 평가를 진행하기 위하여 마우스의 골수에서 분리한 미분화 골수세포를 선천면역에서 중요한 역할을 수행하는 대식세포 및 수지상세포로 분화시킨 후 홍삼추출물과 생약복합추출물을 병용 처리하였을 때 대식세포 및 수지상세포의 세포 증식능 및 사이토카인의 분비능이 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 활성화된 탐식(면역)세포의 세포 표면에서 발현되는 CD80과 CD86의 발현과 탐식(면역)세포의 항원제시에 밀접한 관련이 있는 주 조직적합성 복합체(MHC class II)의 발현이 홍삼추출물과 생약복합추출물의 병용 처리구에서 유의적으로 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 후천면역에서 중요한 역할을 수행하는 면역 T 세포가 다량으로 분포하는 비장 조직으로부터 비장세포를 분리하여 홍삼추출물과 생약복합추출물을 병용처리하였을 때 세포 증식능 및 면역활성을 유도하는 Th1 세포가 분비하는 사이토카인의 함량이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 홍삼추출물과 생약복합 추출물의 병용 처리는 선천면역뿐만 아니라 후천면역에 관여하는 다양한 면역세포의 활성화에 직 간접적으로 다양한 상승작용을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Objectives : Gamisoyosan (GMS) is a useful prescription for treating insomnia, dysmenorrhea and infertility induced by a stress. Also, GMS has been used traditionally to improve systemic circulation and biological energy production. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-oxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Gamisoyosan Formulation (Soft extract, GMS-SE). Methods : The biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were measured through cell line-based in vitro assay. We investigated the anti-oxidant properties of GMS-SE on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, contents of total flavonoid and polyphenol. GMS-SE compared to butyl hydroxy anizole (BHA). Furthermore, based on this result the anti-inflammatory effects of GMS-SE have verified by mechanism from LPS- treated Raw264.7 macrophages. Results : The anti-oxidant activities of GMS-SE increased markedly, in a dose-dependent manner. The GMS-SE showed significant scavenging activity (GMS-SE $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $32.77{\pm}1.65%$, GMS-SE $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $45.06{\pm}1.04%$ and BHA $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $39.25{\pm}2.41%$ for DPPH assay). and, The total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents of GMS-SE were $73.93{\pm}6.87{\mu}g/mg$ and $698.75{\pm}6.78{\mu}g/mg$. GMS-SE which is LPS has diminished in the LPS-induced release of inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, COX2 and PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$) from the RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, GMS-SE inhibited the activation of phosphorylation of p38 and ERK MAPKs by induced LPS. Conclusion : The present results indicate that GMS-SE has an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, therefore may be beneficial in diseases which related to oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.86.1-86.1
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• 2015

As the feature size of Si-based semiconductor shrinks to nanometer scale, we are facing to the problems such as short channel effect and leakage current. One of the solutions to cope with those issues is to bring III-V compound semiconductors to the semiconductor structures, because III-V compound semiconductors have much higher carrier mobility than Si. However, introduction of III-V semiconductors to the current Si-based manufacturing process requires great challenge in the development of process integration, since they exhibit totally different physical and chemical properties from Si. For example, epitaxial growth, surface preparation and wet etching of III-V semiconductors have to be optimized for production. In addition, oxidation mechanisms of III-V semiconductors should be elucidated and re-growth of native oxide should be controlled. In this study, surface preparation methods of various III-V compound semiconductors such as GaAs, InAs, and GaSb are introduced in terms of i) how their surfaces are modified after different chemical treatments, ii) how they will be re-oxidized after chemical treatments, and iii) is there any effect of surface orientation on the surface preparation and re-growth of oxide. Surface termination and behaviors on those semiconductors were observed by MIR-FTIR, XPS, ellipsometer, and contact angle measurements. In addition, photoresist stripping process on III-V semiconductor is also studied, because there is a chance that a conventional photoresist stripping process can attack III-V semiconductor surfaces. Based on the Hansen theory various organic solvents such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolydone, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzyl alcohol, and propylene carbonate, were selected to remove photoresists with and without ion implantation. Although SPM and DIO3 caused etching and/or surface roughening of III-V semiconductor surface, organic solvents could remove I-line photoresist without attack of III-V semiconductor surface. The behavior of photoresist removal depends on the solvent temperature and ion implantation dose.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2020

Karyotype analysis is a major work in the process of triploid abalone production for the purpose of productivity and quality improvement. However, the metaphase spreads for karyotype analysis have been prepared just from the larvae at trochophore stage, which has restricted the spectrum of sample correction inhibiting more efficient analysis. Here, we investigated the feasibility of preparing metaphase spreads from the larvae at veliger stage that is the next developmental stage of trochophore. For this, diploid and triploid larvae at trochophore and veliger stages from Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) were subjected to metaphase spread preparation and its efficiencies were measured and compared each other. As the results, although the efficiencies of metaphase spread preparation were significantly lower in the larvae at veliger stage compared to the ones at trochophore stage regardless of ploidy status, we found that the preparation of metaphase spreads, which showed the clear chromosomal images containing the normal number of chromosomes, was possible from the veliger stage larvae. On the other hands, all larvae used in this study regardless of developmental stage and ploidy did not show colchicine sensitivity. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in cell cycle distribution of the cells comprising larvae between two developmental stages regardless of ploidy status. These suggested that the details of protocol to prepare metaphase spreads from abalone larvae should be optimized depending on its developmental stages. Taken together, we demonstrated the feasibility of preparing metaphase spreads from H. discus hannai veliger stage larvae for karyotype analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.643-648
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• 2005

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly used as a rapid, accurate method of evaluating some chemical constituents in cereal grains and forages. If samples could be analyzed without drying and grinding, then sample preparation time and costs may be reduced. This study was conducted to develop robust NIRS equations to predict fermentation quality of corn (Zea mays) silage and to select acceptable sample preparation methods for prediction of fermentation products in corn silage by NIRS. Prior to analysis, samples (n = 112) were either oven-dried and ground (OD), frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground (LN) and intact fresh (IF). Samples were scanned from 400 to 2,500 nm with an NIRS 6,500 monochromator. The samples were divided into calibration and validation sets. The spectral data were regressed on a range of dry matter (DM), pH and short chain organic acids using modified multivariate partial least squares (MPLS) analysis that used first and second order derivatives. All chemical analyses were conducted with fresh samples. From these treatments, calibration equations were developed successfully for concentrations of all constituents except butyric acid. Prediction accuracy, represented by standard error of prediction (SEP) and $R^2_{v}$ (variance accounted for in validation set), was slightly better with the LN treatment ($R^2$ 0.75-0.90) than for OD ($R^2$ 0.43-0.81) or IF ($R^2$ 0.62-0.79) treatments. Fermentation characteristics could be successfully predicted by NIRS analysis either with dry or fresh silage. Although statistical results for the OD and IF treatments were the lower than those of LN treatment, intact fresh (IF) treatment may be acceptable when processing is costly or when possible component alterations are expected.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.450-455
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• 1997

The preparation of Bacillus coagulans is used as a therapeutics for human intestinal disorders. However, the bacterium in the preparation is very susceptible to rifampic in and fluoroquinolones. When the preparation is taken with rifampicin or fluoroquinolones, its therapeutic effect can not be expected. So B. coagulans RFR17 resistant to rifampicin was obtained by treating the parent B. coagulans with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. B. coagulans OFR17 was produced by serial passage of B. coagulans RFR17 on agar with 2-fold minimal inhibitory concentration of ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin. B. coagulans OFR17 was resistant to fluoroquinolones up to 16~64 fold higher than that for the original strain. B. coagulans OFR17 also exhibited identical characteristics with the parent strain when they were tested for lactic acid production and growth inhibition of E. coli MB4-01 and Shigella sonnei MB4-10411. From in vitro test, it was also identified that rifampicin and ofloxacin are not inactivated by certain factors of B. coagulans OFR17. Conclusively, B. coagulans OFR17 can be regarded as a promising strain which can be developed as the preparation for the treatment of the intestinal disorders of the tuberculosis patients under rifampicin and ofloxacin therapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2015

Herein, we established a repeated-batch process for ethanol production from glycerol by immobilized Pachysolen tannophilus. The aim of this study was to develop a more practical and applicable ethanol production process for biofuel. In particular, using industrial-grade medium ingredients, the microaeration rate was optimized for maximization of the ethanol production, and the relevant metabolic parameters were then analyzed. The microaeration rate of 0.11 vvm, which is far lower than those occurring in a shaking flask culture, was found to be the optimal value for ethanol production from glycerol. In addition, it was found that, among those tested, Celite was a more appropriate carrier for the immobilization of P. tannophilus to induce production of ethanol from glycerol. Finally, through a repeated-batch culture, the ethanol yield (Y_e/g) of 0.126 ± 0.017 g-ethanol/g-glycerol (n = 4) was obtained, and this value was remarkably comparable with a previous report. In the future, it is expected that the results of this study will be applied for the development of a more practical and profitable long-term ethanol production process, thanks to the industrial-grade medium preparation, simple immobilization method, and easy repeated-batch operation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.378-384
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• 1999

Protopectinase (PPases) are heterologous group of enzymes that degrade pectin from the insoluble protopection which is constituent of the middle lamella and primary cell wall of higher plants by restricted depolymerization. From the previous report[6], enzymatically separated plant cells, which are produced from plant tissues by PPases treatment, showed well-conserved cellular components with their rigid cell wall and this characteristic is applicable to preparation of novel food material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of medium composition of PPase production from Bacillus subtilis EK11 which was selected as a PPase producer. Various carbon sources and concentrations on PPase production were studied and corn starch at 0.7% was the most effective for production of PPase. Among the nitrogen sources, yeast extract was the most effective for PPase production and the effect of (NH4)2SO4 was notable as inotganic nitrogen source. Inorganic compounds such as KH2PO4, K2HPO4, Na3-citrate.2H2O and MgSO4 were optimized for PPase production. PPase activity was inhibited by the adition of Ba2+ or Zn2+. The optimal medium for PPase production was devised: 0.7% corn starch, 0.3% yeast extract, 1.4% KH2PO4, 0.6% K2HPO4, 0.1% Na3-citrate.2H2O and 0.02% MgSO4. PPase production by using the optimum medium was carried out with shaking cultivation at 37$^{\circ}C$. The maximum PPase activity of 256unit/ml could be obtained after the cultivation for 48hrs. The activity was increased about 2.2timesthan the activity, 112 unit/ml, in basal medium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1568-1574
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• 2017

Objective: The effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase enzyme on fermentation quality, microorganism population, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of sorghum silages were studied. Methods: Commercial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum Chikuso 1 (CH), local selected strain Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) TH 14 and Acremonium cellulase (AC) were used as additives in sorghum silage preparation. Results: Prior to ensiling Sorghum contained $10^4LAB$ and $10^6cfu/g$ fresh matter coliform bacteria. The chemical compositions of sorghum was 26.6% dry matter (DM), 5.2% crude protein (CP), and 69.7% DM for neutral detergent fiber. At 30 days of fermentation after ensiling, the LAB counts increased to a dominant population; the coliform bacteria and molds decreased to below detectable level. All sorghum silages were good quality with a low pH (<3.5) and high lactic acid content (>66.9 g/kg DM). When silage was inoculated with TH14, the pH value was significantly (p<0.05) lower and the CP content significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to control, CH and AC-treatments. The ratio of in vitro methane production to total gas production and DM in TH 14 and TH 14+AC treatments were significantly (p<0.05) reduced compared with other treatments while in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production did not differ among treatments. Conclusion: The results confirmed that L. casei TH14 could improve sorghum silage fermentation, inhibit protein degradation and decrease methane production.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2022

전립선암 환자의 전이성 질환 진단을 위해 사용되는 양전자 방출 단층촬영용 [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11 주사액은 자동화 생산 방법을 통해 높은 재현성과 우수한 방사화학적 수율 및 순도를 얻을 수 있으며 제조 시 작업자의 방사선 피폭을 최소화할 수 있다. 이를 위해 적용한 비 카세트 방식과 카세트 방식의 자동 합성 방법을 소개하고 비교하고자 한다. [⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11 주사액의 자동화 생산을 위해 ⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generator 50 mCi(iThemba LABS, Johannesburg, South Africa), 주사기 펌프 NE-1000(New Era Pump System, New York, USA)을 사용하였으며, 자동 합성 장치는 비 카세트 방식의 TRACERlab FXN pro(GE Healthcare, Liege, Belgium)와 카세트 방식의 BIKBox(BIK THERAPEUTICS Inc., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea)를 사용하였다. 0.6 N 염산 용액 6 mL의 주사기가 장착된 실린지 펌프를 ⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generator의 inlet-line과 연결하고 outlet-line은 자동 합성 장치와 연결한 후 자동 합성장치와 동시에 작동하였으며, 2 mL/min의 속도로 ⁶⁸Ga을 용출하였다. 초기 약 1.7 mL은 waste vial로 용출 시켰고, 그 후 2.5 mL은 반응용기로 용출하여, 방사능 농도가 높은 2.5 mL의 용액만 표지 과정에 이용하였다. 반응 용액의 pH를 HEPES buffer 용액으로 조절한 후 전구체와 95 ℃에서 15분간 반응하였으며, C18 light 카트리지를 이용, 분리·정제 하였다. 50% 에탄올/생리식염수 희석액으로 최종 화합물을 용출하고 생리식염수를 추가한 후 멸균 필터 함으로써 제조를 완료하였다. 각각의 자동 합성 장치에서 제조된 [⁶⁸Ga] PSMA-11 주사액의 품질관리를 시행하고 장단점을 비교하였다. 총 합성 시간은 각각 25±3분(비 카세트 방식), 23±3분(카세트 방식)이 소요되었으며, 방사화학적 수율은 멸균 필터 후 비 카세트 방식이 65.5±5.7%(n=45, non-decay corrected), 카세트 방식이 61.6±4.8%(n=98, non-decay corrected)였다. 비 카세트 방식은 장비 세척과 시약 준비 시간으로 인해 합성 전 준비 시간이 약 120분 소요되었고, 카세트 방식은 세척과 시약 준비 과정이 없어 합성 전 준비 시간은 약 20분 소요되었다. 비 카세트 방식 자동 합성 방법은 방사화학적 수율과 비용적 측면에서 카세트 방식 대비 높은 장점을 가지나, 제조 준비 단계에서의 편의성과 장비 유지 보수 측면에서는 카세트 방식이 장점을 가진다.