• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2013

In this study, the protective effects of EGCG on L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced oxidative cell death in catecholaminergic PC12 cells, the in vitro model of Parkinson's disease, were investigated. Treatment with L-DOPA at concentrations higher than $150{\mu}M$ caused cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, as determined using the 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry detection. The apoptotic ratio was similar in cells treated with $100{\mu}M$ EGCG plus $150{\mu}M$ L-DOPA (5.02%) and the control (0.96%) (P > 0.05), and was lower than that of cells treated with L-DOPA only (32.24%, P < 0.05). The generation level of ROS (% of control) in cells treated with EGCG plus L-DOPA was lower than that in cells treated with L-DOPA only (123.90% vs 272.32%, P < 0.05). The optical density in production of TBARS in cells treated with L-DOPA only was higher than that in the control ($0.27{\pm}0.05$ vs $0.08{\pm}0.04$, P < 0.05), and in cells treated with EGCG only ($0.14{\pm}0.02$, P < 0.05), and EGCG plus L-DOPA ($0.13{\pm}0.02$, P < 0.05). The intracellular level of GSH in cells treated with EGCG plus L-DOPA was higher than that in cells treated with L-DOPA only ($233.25{\pm}16.44$ vs $119.23{\pm}10.25$, P < 0.05). These results suggest that EGCG protects against L-DOPA-induced oxidative apoptosis in PC12 cells, and might be a potent neuroprotective agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1570-1579
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• 2019

The fungal products dibenzodioxocinones promise a novel class of inhibitors against cholesterol ester transfer protein (CEPT). Knowledge as to their biosynthesis is scarce. In this report, we characterized four more dibenzodioxocinones, which along with a previously described member pestalotiollide B, delimit the dominant spectrum of secondary metabolites in P. microspora. Through mRNA-seq profiling in $g{\alpha}1{\Delta}$, a process that halts the production of the dibenzodioxocinones, a gene cluster harboring 21 genes including a polyketide synthase, designated as pks8, was defined. Disruption of genes in the cluster led to loss of the compounds, concluding the anticipated role in the biosynthesis of the chemicals. The biosynthetic route to dibenzodioxocinones was temporarily speculated. This study reveals the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of dibenzodioxocinone in fungi, and may facilitate the practice for yield improvement in the drug development arena.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2001

Growth and yield of licorice were investigated under the different conditions of photoperiod and shading in order to establish its cultural practice for the domestic production with the aim to substitute the import. The photoperiod was adjusted to 8,10, and 12 h by shielding plants from the light with blackout curtain. Large seedlings(11-20g) appeared to be affected by photoperiod since around 65 days. Most of growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaf, fresh and dry weight of plant and root, were the highest in 12 h photoperiod among all the photoperiod levels, excepting stem diameter which was the highest in 10 h photoperiod(4.5mm). Each photoperiod was similar to each other in root length and diameter. Small seedlings(4-l0g) showed a similar trend to large seedlings. The results from field photoperiod experiment demonstrated that 12 h photoperiod was also the best among three photoperiod treatments in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf, root length, fresh and dry weight of plant and root. The effect of shading was tested under the three levels of control (0%), half-shading (55%), and full shading (90%). Shading remarkably suppressed the growth and yield, compared to no-shading. Although plant height and root length were little affected by the shading, stem and root diameters were heavily reduced.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.464-468
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• 2015

Our government has performed to support the nation-wide application of customized fertilizer based on soil-testing results and crop nutrient balance in order to promote the environment-friendly agriculture and to respond the global environment guide-line since 2010. This study was performed at the selected local paddy fields (Hwaseong-si, Uiseong-gun and Miryang-si) with different soil chemical properties in 2012. The contents of amino acids measured showed an increasing trend with fertilization, and glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid followed by aspartic acid, leucine and alanine. However, valine, isoleusine, tyrosine and lysine were not significantly affected by fertilization. The significant differences in grain N, expressed as a crude protein, and amino acids dose was observed between experimental sites (p<0.001), treatments (p<0.01 to 0.001) and interaction of both factors (p<0.01 to 0.001). In our experiment the following order of carbon skeleton backbones to produce amino acids was observed irrespective of experiment sites and fertilization: ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate > oxalate > pyruvate > 3-phosphoglycerate > phosphoenolpyruvate. In conclusion, customized fertilizer had no difference in amino acids compared to the conventional-NPK practice which was higher than in no fertilization, and also the normal paddy represented slightly higher amino acids compared to the reclaimed. Further study based on the present results is required to investigate what is main factor to amino acids between genetic and environmental factors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.433-446
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• 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the case of the transparent PET bottle resource circulation project of BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd., present implications, and propose ways to spread it in the future. Methods: In this study, the logic of the Double Diamond Model is applied to analyze the development process of sustainable fashion made from BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd.'s PET Bottle Resource Circulation System. Results: The K-rPET Resource Circulation Project of BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. is recognized as a best example for its contribution to eco-friendly activities, solving social problems, raising consumer awareness, and sharing recycling habits. Before the plastic bottle becomes a garment, five steps are taken (discharge of PET bottle → collection of PET bottle → recycling of PET bottle → fabrication of yarn → production of the finished product out of the fabric). BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. has successfully commercialized it by recycling reverse-recovery PET bottles by making solutions to problems that have not been solved at each stage. Conclusion: In addition to efforts to find and strengthen weak links presented in the Theory of Constrains (TOC), it appears to have systematically carried out activities to convert stakeholder discomforts into a package of gain points. As shown in the slogan "We are all in!" the proposal and implementation for the completion of a true environmental system is judged to have truly performed ESG management well for the company's business. ESG management activities at BYN Black Yak Co., Ltd. are expected to continue.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.102-121
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• 2021

Financial geography is an evolving subdiscipline in economic geography. This paper identifies and reviews three important 'waves' constitutive of the current state of financial geography: including the 'first' wave before 1990s when finance was regarded as a byproduct of the over-accumulation process in production sphere in the Marxist geographical political economy tradition; the 'second' wave in the mid-1990s during which financial geography was firmly established as a subdiscipline, influenced by the cultural turn and poststructuralist thoughts; and the most recent 'third' wave after the 2008~2009 global financial crisis that urged financial geographers to take power and politics more seriously and 're-politicize' with the analytical ideas of governmentality and financial subjectification from a neo-Foucauldian perspective. These waves have helped financial geography become a practice-oriented academic discourse, in which different philosophical thoughts, foci of analytical level and object, renditions of the subject, perceptions of power and politics, and geographies of finance and financialization coexist and also compete and contest one another.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.269-291
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• 2012

Analyzing EU trade laws and institutional systems, the trade policy of EU has been founded, undoubtedly, on common interests for EU members. EU trade policy leaves room for 'Collective Protectionism' by permitting legal persona or interesting group to raise anti-dumping procedures. The anti-dumping policy of EU has shown a protectionism itself and has been affected by political motives. Investigation against anti-dumping can easily open and also there exists a wide range of political involvements. Furthermore, anti-dumping policy could be misused for protecting declining industries, which lost comparative advantage in global market. Economic theories show that anti-dumping measures divert import from outsider into insider members, which finally results in increasing intra-production of EU. This is exactly the reason why the anti-dumping policy has become attractive trade policy.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.603-622
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• 2018

Precast concrete structures are erected from individual prefabricated components, which are assembled on-site using different types of connections. In the present design of these structures, beam-to-column connections are assumed pin jointed. Bolted billet beam to-column connections have been used in the precast concrete industry for many years. They have many advantages over other jointing methods in component production, quality control, transportation and assembly. However, there is currently limited information concerning their detailed structural behaviour under vertical loadings. The experimental work has involved the determination of moment-relative rotation relationships for semi-rigid precast concrete connections in full-scale connection tests. The study reported in this paper was undertaken to clarify the behaviour of such connections under symmetrical vertical loadings. A series of full-scale tests was performed on sample column for which the column geometry and bolt arrangements conformed to successful commercial practice. Proprietary hollow core floor slabs were tied to the beams by 2T25 tensile reinforcing bars, which also provide the in-plane continuity across the connections. The contribution of the floor strength and stiffness to the flexural capacity of the joint is currently neglected in the design process for precast concrete frames. The flexural strength of the connections in the double-sided tests was at least 0.93 times the predicted moment of resistance of the composite beam and slab. The secant stiffness of the connections ranged from 0.94 to 1.94 times the flexural stiffness of the attached beam. In general, the double-sided connections were found to be more suited to a semi-rigid design approach than the single sided ones. The behaviour of double sided bolted billet connection test results are presented in this paper. The behaviour of single sided bolted billet connection test results is the subject of another paper.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.102-122
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• 2001

Uymsikdimibang(음식디미방) - a book written around 1670 and implying the methods of understanding the taste of food and drink - records many kinds of alcoholic drinks. it is obviously a practical problem to explain the process of brewing alcoholic drinks. However, if we intend to approach the alcoholic drinks on the practical aspect, we can not explain why many kinds of alcoholic drinks were brewed. I acknowledge only that it was true to have brewed rice wine easily on the basis of the increase of the production of rice and the two-crop farming system of rice and barley in a paddy field as well as, for many kinds of alcoholic drinks to have increased as a result of the development of brewage since the middle and second half of Chosun. It is not until we approach the alcoholic drinks of those days on the level of meaning, value, and symbol that we can get a correct answer as to why Uymsikdimibang records many kinds of alcoholic drinks. In the second half of Chosun, confucian ideology was firmly established in country village societies, the idea of clan rules was instituted, and patriarchal system was organized. Such a social atmosphere was to emphasize the practice of confucian moral principle such as performing religious service on one's ancestors and receiving a guest, and in the course of it, the alcoholic drinks were recognized as important materials all the more. It seems that the subdivision and elaborateness of the meaning of the alcoholic drinks were in progress. As a result, I think that the alcoholic drinks would vary in kind and be graded. From ancient times, the alcoholic drinks were men's favorite foods, and the significance of the authority and prestige given to the alcoholic drinks was increasingly promoted by the rise of the social position of men in the second half of Chosun under the influence of confucian ideology. Subsequently, the alcoholic drinks became symbols which represented even the family's tradition and dignity. Therefore, men born of the nobility(Yangban) tried to brew the various and dignified alcoholic drinks relatively. Through the brewage such as this, they endeavored to maintain their privilege. I think that the diversification of alcoholic drinks was developed in the process of a series of social-institutional change.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2017

In order to satisfy the graduation requirements, the graduation work should be presented as an engineering dissertation system of the produced work and an outline of the procedure made by the major unit in accordance with the graduation thesis submission rules, and suggests necessary matters for improvement. The design content relates to a small unmanned aerial vehicle configuration for detecting personnel or objects in a disaster area. It is equipped with an infrared sensor and a GPS in the drone, the drone is control by using Blutooth communications. The drones detect the target and use the GPS to determine the location. As a result of the experiment, it was possible to detect the structure object within the range of 3~4 m, confirm the transmission of the position value in real time, and increase the communication distance by using RF communication.