• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2006

The Lowry method was used in this study to measure protein in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines (polyribosylibitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid; PRP-TT) using deoxycholic acid (DOC) to induce protein precipitation. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) did not induce precipitation adequately from the Hib conjugate bulk and the freeze-dried Hib conjugate product. Its yield was approximately 50%. The matrix structure of Hib conjugate inhibits precipitation by TCA. Although the Lowry method can be carried out without precipitation in Hib conjugate bulk when no residual impurities (adipic acid dihydrazide [ADH], 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide-HCI [EDAC], phenol and cyanogens bromide [CNBr], etc.) are present, it cannot be used for Hib conjugate products that contain sucrose 8.5%, because 8.5% concentration of sucrose enhanced the protein concentration. DOC- and HCl-induced precipitation is an alternative method for evaluating the protein content of the Hib conjugate bulk and the Hib conjugate product. The precipitation was optimal with a final concentrate of 0.1% for DOC at $4^{\circ}C$ and pH 2. This Lowry method, using DOC/HCI precipitation to induce protein precipitation, was confirmed a consistent, reproducible, and valid test for proteins in Hib conjugate bulk and its freeze-dried product.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2016

UV exposure induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes expression. We studied the protective effect of Rubus occidentalis seed against UVB-generated skin photoaging using human fibroblast cells (CCD-986sk). We used an ELISA kit to measure the supernatents of procollagen type I and MMP-1 in CCD-986sk cells after they were exposed to UVB irradiation. The CCD-986sk cells that were used with RC-E/E after the UVB irradiation caused higher levels of type I procollagen and lesser levels of MMP-1 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the RC-E/E treated group showed lesser MMP-1 levels and higher procollagen type I levels than the untreated counterpart. Therefore, it can be concluded that Rubus occidentalis seed can prevent from skin photoaging.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제30권8호
• /
• pp.1263-1274
• /
• 2006

Consumers' store loyalty and brand loyalty are closely related in apparel product purchase decision making process. The purpose of this study was to identify consumers' composite loyalty orientation considering both store loyalty and brand loyalty. As for the method of the research, in-depth face-to-face interviews were carried out. 20 interviewees were asked to describe apparel product purchase decision making process related to store choice and brand choice. Store loyalty and brand loyalty were combined to identify composite loyalty orientation. In this process, 6 types of loyalty orientation were identified; single-store type loyal/convenient brand loyal, single-store type loyal/low brand involved, multi-store type loyal/affected brand loyal, multi-store type loyal/economic multi-brand loyal, multi-store type loyal/value-seeking multi-brand loyal, multi-store type loyal/brand non loyal. The characteristics of each loyalty orientation were compared.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.591-608
• /
• 2005

Some new reverses of Bessel's inequality for orthonormal families in real or complex 2-inner product spaces are pointed out. Applications for some Gruss type inequalities and for determinantal integral inequalities are given as well.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한안전경영과학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.235-239
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop an insurance system for product quality liability(PQL) by reviewing some legal issues concerning the product liability It is concluded that the purpose and the function of PQL insurance have to be considered with robust experience data for the life of product, quality system of the company, size of company, the number and amount of products produced by a company and the type of company etc. And this article reviews some problems of policy including the possibility of anti-selection and reverse selection.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제19권1_2호
• /
• pp.363-370
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we obtain a new fixed point theorem in complete probabilistic ${\Delta}$-inner product space. As an example of applications, we utilize the results of this paper to study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for linear Valterra integral equation.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.951-960
• /
• 2010

We provide the set of left-invariant minimal unit vector fields on the semi-direct product $\mathbb{R}^n\;{\rtimes}_p\mathbb{R}$, where P is a nonsingular diagonal matrix and on the 7 classes of 4-dimensional solvable Lie groups of the form $\mathbb{R}^3\;{\rtimes}_p\mathbb{R}$ which are unimodular and of type (R).

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2015년도 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.910-913
• /
• 2015

자바스크립트는 웹 페이지를 제어하기 위한 표준적인 스크립트 언어로 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 최근 웹 앱이나 서버사이드 응용 프로그램을 자바스크립트로 작성하게 되면서, 자바스크립트 프로그램을 더욱 빠르게 동작하도록 만드는 것이 중요한 이슈가 되었다. 본 논문에서는 암시적인 동적 타입 시스템을 사용하는 자바스크립트 언어에 Cartesian Product Algorithm을 적용하여 타입을 추론하고, 이 정보를 바탕으로 정적 타입 시스템인 C++ 코드로 변환하는 컴파일러의 구조와 알고리즘을 제시한다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.852-866
• /
• 2015

This study analyzes the form of sleeve heads, which is an important internal element that affects the appearance of jacket sleeves. It characterized sleeve head forms by investigating angles, materials, and a combination of formations for 50 sleeve heads. It conducted an appearance evaluation by comparing and analyzing the results. This paper develops a sleeve head appropriately for sleeve construction. The study results are as follows. First, the product was divided into three parts: based on, force receiving, and sleeve cap parts. There were four types of man's sleeve head: straight, arc, and curve A and B types. The woman's sleeve head had two types: straight and curve B type. Second, the feature of each type of sleeve head was analyzed. A straight type emphasized the based on part. An arc type highlighted the force receiving part while the based on part decreased. The sleeve cap part, force receiving part, and based on part were emphasized in the arc type sleeve head. Third, as a result of the appearance evaluation, each type was rank as straight type < arc type ${\leq}$ curve A < curve B. The straight type did not get positive results as it had extra ease when the sleeve head was attached to a Jacket Sleeve. The arc type was evaluated poorly due to an inappropriate sleeve cap composition. The curve type received an excellent overall outcome as it fit into the sleeve cap part well and highlighted the force receiving part in order to minimize front and back wrinkles. Therefore, the curve type made the resemblance of the jacket appearance perfect and closest to the sleeve pattern.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2014

This study looked into the scarcity effect based on the consumers' self-regulatory modes and determined the effect that such a regulatory mode and that quantity-scarcity messages would have on evaluations of fashion products. To that end, the study used a 2 (regulatory mode: assessment mode/locomotion mode)${\times}2$ (message type: quantity-scarcity message/non-scarcity message) between-subjects factorial design in which buying impulsiveness was presented as a mediator variable that showed differences in product evaluations depending on the message type and on the presence of a self-regulatory mode. The results of this study showed that locomotion-oriented consumers evaluated products more positively compared to assessment-oriented consumers when the quantity-scarcity message was presented. When a non-scarcity message was presented, no significant difference was observed in product evaluations based on the consumers' self-regulatory modes. In addition, buying impulsiveness in consumers served a mediator role in the evaluations of fashion products. The results of this study imply that a clear understanding of consumers is a prerequisite for maximizing the scarcity effect and that companies need to differentiate in terms of the way they use scarcity messages based on consumers' self-regulatory modes.