• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2020

The bio-oil produced from the fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass contains a high amount of oxygenates, causing variation in the properties of bio-oil, such as instability, high acidity, and low heating value, reducing the quality of the bio-oil. Consequently, an upgrading process should be recommended ensuring that these bio-oils are widely used as fuel sources. Catalytic fast pyrolysis has attracted a great deal of attention as a promising method for producing upgraded bio-oil from biomass feedstock. In this study, the fast pyrolysis of tulip tree was performed in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor under different reaction temperatures, with and without catalysts, to investigate the effects of pyrolysis temperature and catalysts on product yield and bio-oil quality. The system used silica sand, ferric oxides (Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄), and H-ZSM-5 as the fluidized-bed material and nitrogen as the fluidizing medium. The liquid yield reached the highest value of 49.96 wt% at 450 ℃, using Fe₂O₃ catalyst, compared to 48.45 wt% for H-ZSM-5, 47.57 wt% for Fe₃O₄ and 49.03 wt% with sand. Catalysts rejected oxygen mostly as water and produced a lower amount of CO and CO₂, but a higher amount of H₂ and hydrocarbon gases. The catalytic fast pyrolysis showed a high ratio of H₂/CO than sand as a bed material.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.340-344
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• 2007

Catalytic upgrading of pyrolytic bio-oil produced from Japanes Larch was carried out over MCM-41 catalyst. Oil with enhanced stability was produced by the MCM-41 catalyst due to transform oxygen known as a main cause for the instability of bio-oil into $H_2O$, CO and $CO_2$. In addition, the MCM-41 catalyst produced the larger amount of phenolic compounds in the pyrolytic bio-oil product compared with that in the bio-oil produced without catalyst. Especially, the catalytic activity of Al-MCM-41 for the bio-oil upgrading was higher than that of Si-MCM-41 because Al-MCM-41 has the larger amount of acid sites. Also, the better reforming result was obtained when pyrolytic bio-oil vapor passed through catalytic layer rather than Japanese Larch was mixed with catalyst directly.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.865-875
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• 2018

Selection of optimum reaction conditions during deoxygenation process of palm oil is essential factor to obtain the maximum yield of bio-jet fuel. In this context, the deoxygenation of palm oil was carried out in a fixed bed reactor with an internal diameter of 1 inch loaded with a 1 wt.% $Pt/Al_2O_3$ catalyst. The composition of the organic liquid product(OLP), which can be utilized as a transportation fuel through the upgrading process, was analyzed by a gas chromatography method. The palm oil/hydrogen ratio and hydrogen pressure in the feed affected the decarboxylation(DCB) and hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) reactions, resulting in a change in the composition of the OLP. As the reaction temperature increased, the continuous cracking reaction of the deoxygenation product was promoted and the product composition in the $C_5{\sim}C_{14}$ region was increased. Thus, the results can help to understand the characteristics of deoxidation reaction of palm oil as well as the subsequent process, hydro-upgrading, to obtain the maximum yield of bio-jet fuel.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

The study attempts to investigate the causes of Sino-U.S. trade friction in recent years and provides countermeasures accordingly. The import and export volume of two countries, the product structure of China's export, the 337th Act lawsuits related to China, the industries involved in trade friction, and the G-L Index of Sino-U.S. Products are analyzed in detail. The causes of Sino-US trade frictions are discussed from the aspect of mercantilism and trade protectionism, interest groups and governments' trade policies, Chinese product structure, intellectual property protection in China, and performance of Chinese enterprises in litigation. Based on these, countermeasures are put forward. China needs to implement industrial upgrading, increasing the added value of products, and improving intellectual property protection. A trade friction warning system also needs to be constructed. The Chinese government needs to carry out strategic dialogue and international negotiation.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.75-93
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• 2017

Recently, global competition in the manufacturing sector is driving firms in the manufacturing sector to conduct product innovation projects to maintain their competitive edge. The key points of product innovation projects are 1) what the purpose of the project is and 2) what expected results in the target market can be achieved by implementing the innovation. Therefore, this study focuses on the performance of innovation projects with a business viewpoint. In this respect, this study proposes the "achievement rate" of product innovation projects as a measurement of project performance. Then, this study finds the best strategies from various innovation activities to optimize the achievement rate of product innovation projects. There are three major innovation activities for the projects, including three types of R&D activities: Internal, joint and external R&D, and five types of non-R&D activities - acquisition of machines, equipment and software, purchasing external knowledge, job education and training, market research and design. This study applies decision tree modeling, a kind of data-mining methodology, to explore effective innovation activities. This study employs the data from the 'Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) 2014: Manufacturing Sector.' The KIS 2014 gathered information about innovation activities in the manufacturing sector over three years (2011-2013). This study gives some practical implication for managing the activities. First, innovation activities that increased the achievement rate of product diversification projects included a combination of market research, new product design, and job training. Second, our results show that a combination of internal R&D, job training and training, and market research increases the project achievement most for the replacement of outdated products. Third, new market creation or extension of market share indicates that launching replacement products and continuously upgrading products are most important.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.17-20
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• 2017

Purpose - This paper will go deep into the analysis of Korean Cultural industry development, and the result of the analysis shows that the cultural value of cultural product, competitive product lines and mature Market Mechanism are core competences of Korean Cultural industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This is a case study in the era of knowledge based economy, Cultural industry has become a new increasing point of economic development. Cultural industry, commonly regarded as an industry with high-ended value, is occupying more important role in economic development and social welfare promotion process. Results - Moreover the increasingly important role of cultural industry will hopefully help to promote industrial upgrading process and finally become a driving force for economic growth and technological innovation. During the process of cultural development, improving core competence of Cultural industry is a key consideration to help the development of Cultural industry in a positive way. Conclusions - From the study above, we find that in order to ensure sustainable development of Cultural industry, emphasis should be put on finding and improving core competence. Core competence of Korean Cultural industry is important and inspiring to the development of Chinese Cultural industry and regional integration in the East Asian area.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2019

Spent coffee is one of biomass sources to be converted into bio-oil. However, the bio-oil should be further upgraded to achieve a higher quality bio-oil because of its high oxygen content. Deoxygenation under hydrotreating using different catalysts (catalytic hydrodeoxygenation; HDO) is considered as one of the promising methods for upgrading bio-oil from pyrolysis by removal of O-containing groups. In this study, the HDO of spent coffee bio-oil, which was collected from fast pyrolysis of spent coffee ($460^{\circ}C$, $2.0{\times}U_{mf}$), was carried out in an autoclave. The product yields were 72.16 ~ 96.76 wt% of bio-oil, 0 ~ 18.59 wt% of char, and 3.24 ~ 9.25 wt% of gas obtained in 30 min at temperatures between $250^{\circ}C$ and $350^{\circ}C$ and pressure in the range of 3 to 9 bar. The highest yield of bio-oil of 97.13% was achieved at $250^{\circ}C$ and 3 bar, with high selectivity of D-Allose. The carbon number distribution of the bio-oil was analyzed based on the concept of simulated distillation. The $C_{12}{\sim}C_{14}$ fraction increased from 22.98 wt% to 27.30 wt%, whereas the $C_{19}{\sim}C_{26}$ fraction decreased from 24.74 wt% to 17.18 wt% with increasing reaction time. Bio-oil yields were slightly decreased when the HZSM-5 catalyst and dolomite were used. The selectivity of CO was increased at the HZSM-5 catalyst and decreased at the dolomite.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.69-71
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• 2018

Looking at Korea's manufacturing industry, there are many old manufacturing plants. In fact, the manufacturing process of the product inventory management and the unit price of the product are all created by using Excel, and the factory is operated by using it. Also, the operator can not predict the failure of the equipment in order to produce the product at work. Problems related to this may result in the loss of the documents during the instruction and work process between the manager and the worker, and the communication between the manager and the worker can not be properly performed, There is appear a situation in which the operation is continued by using the equipment without recognizing in the failure. In this paper, we propose a method for upgrading the aging manufacturing plant to improve the productivity and productivity of the product by predicting the efficient inventory management, unit price management, production volume, and the operator's failure prediction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 2004

This study for Customer Satisfaction(Customer Focus) by Profit security' in the field Process improvement activity and man-power upgrade in the learning of organization activity or upgrading ability of each peoples. This thesis study on the focus of KAPEC which introduce Toyota system can apply to VM, 3jeong, Right Box and Right Position), 5S, JIT(Just In Time), KAlZEN, KANBAN System, CIM, ERP, DAS an output of Factory. For strategic changes to take place in industry 3 key important factors need to be included ; integration of tasks functions and process, decentralization of information and responsibility and finally simplification of products and product structures. These describes how CIM can be implemented using these factors. This study for (1)System Integration, (2) Help Logistic Problems, (3) Partly facilitated growth. (4) Improved production planning (5) Real-time management. (6) Fast reporting (7) Productivity. Quality. Delivery Up, Cost reduction and Autonomy management, FMS in the Plant etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Drying, which is the oldest and most energy-intensive process, is an essential process for treatment of solid product. The specific procedure to design and evaluate the dryers, which are a rotary kiln dryer and a flash dryer, in case of drying the high-moisture coal was described. From determination of size to the heat and mass balance in one-dimensional model were conducted to evaluate the performance of dryers. Heat consumption, inlet gas temperature and size of the dryers were compared between a rotary kiln dryer and a flash dryer. Further considerations to evaluate the reactor elaborately were also discussed. Performance simulation of dryers along with the design procedure described here will provide helpful basis for understanding the concept of reactor design.