• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.1692-1697
• /
• 2012

We report a glycoside hydrolase (GH)-118 ${\beta}$-agarase from a strain of Agarivorans, in which we previously reported recombinant expression and characterization of the GH-50 ${\beta}$-agarase. The GH comprised an open reading frame of 1,437 base pairs, which encoded a protein of 52,580 daltons consisting of 478 amino acid residues. Assessment of the entire sequence showed that the enzyme had 97% nucleotide and 99% amino acid sequence similarities to those of GH-118 ${\beta}$-agarase from Pseudoalteromonas sp. CY24, which belongs to a different order within the same class. The gene corresponding to a mature protein of 440 amino acids was inserted, recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity with affinity chromatography. It had maximal activity at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 and had 208.1 units/mg in the presence of 300 mM NaCl and 1 mM $CaCl_2$. More than 80% activity was maintained after 2 h exposure to $35^{\circ}C$; however, < 40% activity remained at $45^{\circ}C$. The enzyme hydrolyzed agarose to yield neoagarooctaose as the main product. This enzyme could be useful for industrial production of functional neoagarooligosaccharides.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2015

The objective of the current study is to determine cross-sectional profile of intermediate dies in order to improve the plastic strain homogeneity which directly affects not only the dimensional accuracy but also the mechanical properties of final product by redesigning the intermediate dies using the conventional electric field analysis (EFA) method. Initially, the multi-pass shape wire drawing was designed by using the equivalent potential lines from EFA. The area reduction ratio was calculated from the number of passes in multi-pass shape wire drawing but constrained by the capacity of the drawing machine and the drawing force. In order to compensate for a concentration of strain in a region of the cross section of the wire, the process for multi pass wire drawing from initial round material to an intermediate die was redesigned again using the electric field analysis. Both drawing process designs were simulated by the finite element method in which the strain distribution and standard deviation plastic strain of the cross section of drawn wires were examined.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.1349-1356
• /
• 1999

Freeze dried products of lactic acid bacteria fermented food prepared from milk or egg white powder(EWP) were stored at $28^{\circ}C.\;5^{\circ}C$ and $-18^{\circ}C$ for 20 weeks. Properties of stored, freeze dried product and viable cell count. pH and organoleptic properties of stored, reconstituted product were investigated. (1) The viable cell count of reconstituted milk or EWP product stored at $5^{\circ}C\;or\;-18^{\circ}C$ was not changed markedly. However, the viable cell count of milk or EWP product stored at $28^{\circ}C$ was reduced during storage and it was changed substantially between 4 weeks and 5 weeks. However, pH of all samples stored at three different temperature was not changed. (2) Color of freeze dried product prepared from EWP became clearly brown at 16 weeks. (3) Appearance of reconstituted milk product stored at $5^{\circ}C\;or\;-18^{\circ}C$ for 20 weeks was not changed. However, homogeneity and solubility of reconstituted milk product stored at $28^{\circ}C$ for 20 weeks were reduced. Taste, odor and texture of reconstituted milk product stored at $28^{\circ}C$ for 20 weeks were markedly changed. (4) Viscosity of reconstituted EWP product stored for 20 weeks was slightly reduced. Solubility of reconstituted EWP product stored at $28^{\circ}C$ for 20 weeks was reduced and its taste and odor were markedly changed. Texture of reconstituted EWP product stored at $28^{\circ}C$ became rough.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.1656-1662
• /
• 2013

The ternary phase $EuZn_xIn_{4-x}$ has been identified as the main product of reactions of Eu, Zn, and In by using the In-flux method and characterized by both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure belongs to the common $BaAl_4$-type (tetragonal space group I4/mmm, Pearson code tI10) with lattice parameters of a = 4.5610(9) ${\AA}$, c = 12.049(3) ${\AA}$ for composition $EuZn_{1.10(12)}In_{2.90}$ and a = 4.5463(3) ${\AA}$, c = 12.028(2) ${\AA}$ for composition $EuZn_{1.18(2)}In_{2.82}$, respectively. In this structure, the Eu atoms are situated at the center of 18-vertex Fedorov polyhedra made of Zn and In atoms, where the 4d site is preferentially occupied by In and the 4e site is occupied by randomly mixed Zn and In atoms. Theoretical investigations using tight-binding linear muffintin orbital (TB-LMTO) method provide rationale for the observed site preferences and suggest potentially wider homogeneity range than the experimentally established for $EuZn_xIn_{4-x}$ ($x{\approx}1.1$).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2001

NTR1 gene of Brassica campestris L. ssp. perkinensis encodes a floral nectary-specific methyltransferase. In this study, the NTR1 cDNA was expressed in E. coli to examine the enzymatic characteristics of the protein product. The GST-NTR1 fusion protein was purified to near homogeneity, showing that the size of NTR1 was 44 kDa. The protein reacted specifically with jasmonic acid (JA), consuming methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). GC-MS analysis revealed that the compound produced was authentic methyl jasmonate (MeJA), suggesting that NTR1 is an S-adenosyl-L-methionine: jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase. Km values of NTR1 for JA and SAM were 38.0 and $6.4{\mu}M$, respectively. Optimal activity of the NTR1 was observed at $20^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, in the presence of 100-150 mM KCl. Thus, kinetic properties, thermal characteristics, optimal pH, and ion-dependency of the NTR1 activity were almost identical to those of Arabidopsis JA methyltransferase JMT, indicating that these two proteins are orthologues of each other.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.471-479
• /
• 2013

The present study was conducted to judge the applicability of field quality control by children's goods manufacturers by assessing the contents of heavy metals such as Pb and Cd in outdoor play goods for children through measurement using Portable XRF and comparing the results through detailed analyses using ICP. Heavy metal contents of 711 part samples of 505 products were measured using XRF. According to the results, the ratio of products that exceeded the Pb and Cd content standards specified under the Quality Management and Safety Control of Industrial Products Act were 2.4% and 2.6%. Many products certified for self-regulated safety exceeded the standards and thus it was considered that harmful chemical material centered safety management systems would be necessary. Detailed ICP analyses of some products were compared and the results showed deviations of 0.9~80.8% from XRF results. The reasons for this are deviations in the characteristics of measured cross sections and the homogeneity of samples resulting from sample preparation methods, etc. Therefore, it is considered that field quality control will be applicable if measuring methods are efficiently established based on product characteristics and calibration curve preparation methods are established through quality control.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.344-350
• /
• 2006

Thermoplasma acidophilum is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that grows optimally at $59^{\circ}C$ and pH 2. Along with another thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus solfataricus, it is known to metabolize glucose by the non-phosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff (nED) pathway. In the course of these studies, the specific activities of glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase and glycerate kinase, two enzymes that are involved in the downstream part of the nED pathway, were found to be much higher in T. acidophilum than in S. solfataricus. To characterize glycerate kinase, the enzyme was purified to homogeneity from T. acidophilum cell extracts. The N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme was in exact agreement with that of Ta0453m in the genome database, with the removal of the initiator methionine. Furthermore, the enzyme was a monomer with a molecular weight of 49kDa and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with $K_m$ values of 0.56 and 0.32mM for DL-glycerate and ATP, respectively. The enzyme also exhibited excellent thermal stability at $70^{\circ}C$. Of the seven sugars and four phosphate donors tested, only DL-glycerate and ATP were utilized by glycerate kinase as substrates. In addition, a coupled enzyme assay indicated that 2-phosphoglycerate was produced as a product. When divalent metal ions, such as $Mn^{2+},\;CO^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Ca^{2+},\;and\;Sr^{2+}$, were substituted for $Mg^{2+}$ the enzyme activities were less than 10% of that obtained in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$. The amino acid sequence of T. acidophilum glycerate kinase showed no similarity with E. coli glycerate kinases, which belong to the first glycerate kinase family. This is the first report on the biochemical characterization of an enzyme which belongs to a member of the second glycerate kinase family.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.511-516
• /
• 2007

A glutathione S-transferase (GST) related to the phi (F) class of enzymes only found in plants has been cloned from the Oryza sativa. The GST cDNA was cloned by PCR using oligonucleotide primers based on the OsGSTF5 (GenBank Accession No. $\underline{AF309382}$) sequences. The cDNA was composed of a 669-bp open reading frame encoding for 223 amino acids. The deduced peptide of this gene shared on overall identity of 75% with other known phi class GST sequences. On the other hands, the OsGSTF5 sequence showed only 34% identity with the sequence of the OsGSTF3 cloned by our previous study (Cho et al., 2005). This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli with the pET vector system and the gene product was purified to homogeneity by GSH-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The expressed OsGSTF5 formed a homo-dimer composed of 28 kDa subunit and its pI value was approximately 7.8. The expressed OsGSTF5 displayed glutathione conjugation activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane and glutathione peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide. The OsGSTF5 also had high activities towards the herbicides alachlor, atrazine and metolachlor. The OsGSTF5 was highly sensitive to inhibition by S-hexylGSH, benastatin A and hematin. We propose from these results that the expressed OsGSTF5 is a phi class GST and appears to play a role in the conjugation of herbicide and GPOX activity.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.57-77
• /
• 2016

This paper analysis spatial correlation applying commercial activating factor and categories clusters among have homogeneity in garosu street which are rising commercial issue in residential district. Based on this research we can draw several implications. Firstly, Garosu street are forming unique space around fassion feature like clothes and food and Beverage stores are supporting main functions. secondly, in terms of utilization of semi-public space in individual buildings, main Street are using display goods and put product.Also restaurants and cafes are using public space as terrace seats. These results mean principal road emphasizes displaying and passing but inner road emphasizes taking a break and staying. Third, repetitive action between high rising vacancy and new building cause negative effects city decline and lossing identity. So residents and merchants should cooperate and make communities for sustainable district.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.670-677
• /
• 2010

An alkaline pectate lyase, Bsp165PelA, was purified to homogeneity from the culture broth of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5. The enzyme showed a specific activity as high as 1,000 U/mg and had optimum activity at pH 11.5 and $50^{\circ}C$. It was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 42 kDa deduced from SDS-PAGE, and its isoelectric point was around pH 6.0. It could efficiently depolymerize polygalacturonate and pectin. Characterization of product formation revealed unsaturated digalacturonate and trigalacturonate as the main products. The pectate lyase gene (pelA) contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,089 bp, encoding a 36-amino acids signal peptide and a mature protein of 326 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 35.943 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence from the pelA ORF exhibited significant homology to those of known pectate lyases in polysaccharide lyase family 1. Some conserved active-site amino acids were found in the deduced amino acid sequence of Bsp165PelA. $Ca^{2+}$ was not required for activity on pectic substrates.