• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 2004

Farm economy is getting worse because of the free trade trends in agriculture sector and unreasonable application of market economy principles to agricultural products. And The worldwide issues of environmental pollution as well as want of food, water and energy make human future be anxious. In addition, consumers raise questions in argument about safety of foods produced by traditional farming or imported. So I propose the urban-rural living community movement(URLCM) as an alternative plan for sustainable domestic agriculture. URLCM based on environmentally friendly agriculture and community consciousness will be able to solve many of present issues on agriculture and rural society through incessant interchanges between urban and rural community. This URLCM has to be basically founded on principles of symbiosis-coexistence and life circulation. So those that have to be driven forward arc organizing producers and consumer cooperatives, making environmentally friendly rural region and products, combining with consumer cooperatives, training the participants and so forth.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.468-479
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• 2012

In this paper, by a simple example it is shown that existing market-based criteria alone cannot completely and correctly evaluate the transmission network expansion from market view. However criteria congestion cost (CC) and social welfare (SW) together are able to correctly evaluate transmission network from market view and so they are adopted for the market-based transmission expansion planning. To simply indicate the limits of CC and SW social welfare percentage (SWP) and congestion cost percentage (CCP) are defined. To consider uncertainty in bids of market producers and consumers, and also indeterminacy in the acceptable boundaries of the SWP and CCP and their priorities, fuzzy assessment approach is used. In this approach, appropriate fuzzy sets and a fuzzy rule base are provided to evaluate the acceptability of an expansion plan. Then, the least-investment cost plan, which is acceptable in all probable scenarios, is searched. The proposed method is applied to an 8-bus system.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2004

To elucidate the trophic relationships within a subtropical wetland, the profile of fatty acids in producers, consumers and sediments of the mangrove forest and intertidal mudflat was studied. Results indicated a close relationship in fatty acid profiles between the mangrove plants Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina and the sesarmid crab Sesarma bidens, and between the fiddler crab Uca arcuata and diatoms. The fatty acid profile of the mudskippers Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Periophthalmus cantonensis, however, showed a mixed diet of diatoms, macroalgae, protozoa and crabs. Seasonal changes in fatty acid profiles in mangrove plants, sediments and sesarmid crabs were noted. The implication of using fatty acids as tracer of trophic relationships was discussed.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1996

Food-borne illnesses remain a world-wide public heath problem, Codex food standards, codes of practice and other guidelines protect consumers from unsafe food. Codex Alimentarius helps to reach this goal by combining consumer protection with food production and trade. Codex provides reassurance to anyone anywhere that foods produced according to its codes of hygienic practice and complying with its standards are safe and nutritious and offer adequate health protection. The Codex Alimentarius Commission is a science-based, international organization. Its standards, guidelines and recommendations are recognized world-wide for their vital role in protecting the consumer and facilitation international trade. At the same time they allow food producers, processors and traders access to markets by breaking down artificial nontariff barriers to trade.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1135-1148
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• 2003

A commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) component is an implementation of common functionality among family members, where an in-house component implements an organization-specific functionality. Typically, a COTS component has a producer and aset of potential consumers. Consumers evaluate COTS components thoroughly before they purchase, because these components are developed by third party producers and most consumers have ‘not-invented-here’ syndrome. Hence, evaluating the quality of COTS components becomes an important prerequisite to a successful component-based application development. In this paper, we identify the characteristics of COTS components, and derive a practical quality model for components, C-QM, which consists of quality factors, criteria and metrics and a qualify certification system, C-QCS. The top design goal of C-QM is set to provide a practically applicable comprehensive quality model which can be effectively applied in assessing the various quality aspects of COTS components.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.410-416
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• 2023

Fungi are cosmopolitan and they occupy diverse niches as consumers, producers, and decomposers. They play critical roles in the environment by enabling nutrient cycling and generating a plethora of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to identify and characterize fungal strains isolated from diverse sources on Muui Island, Republic of Korea. In 2023, a total of 86 fungal strains were collected and examined. Investigation of the morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of multiple barcode loci identified one putative novel species and two species previously unrecorded in the Republic of Korea: Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum guizhouense, and Fusarium brachygibbosum. This study provides a comprehensive description of their molecular phylogenies and morphological characteristics. These findings will contribute to the existing knowledge about fungal species in the Republic of Korea and future research on the fungal diversity on Muui Island.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.745-758
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• 2011

An Economic Sentiment Indicator(ESI) is a composite indicator of business survey indices(BSI) and consumer survey indices(CSI). The ESI designed to reflect economic agents' (this includes producers and consumers) overall perceptions of economic activity in a one-dimensional index. The European Commission has published an ESI since 1985. This paper demonstrates the construction of an ESI for the Korean economy. The BSI and CSI components (having a high correlation and a leading feature with respect to GDP) are selected to construct the ESI and they are aggregated using a weighted average and then scaled to have a long-term average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. Thus values greater than 100 indicate an above-average economic sentiment and vice versa. The newly constructed Korean ESI that extends to January 2003 shows a good tracking performance of GDP and adequately reflects the overall perception of economic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.67-84
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• 1996

This study examined two laws protecting consumer's safety, the 'Product Liability Law' and 'Legal Regulations on Recall Service.' and investigated the need for and importance of the laws. Second, the requirements regarding the procedures for implementing these laws were reviewed. Regarding the 'Product Liability Law', the study considered how the damage and injury of consumers caused by defects in production would be compensated and under what conditions. Regarding the law to regulate Recall service, this study reviewed when and how producers must recall their products because of their defects. Finally, the directions for enacting these laws were suggested, and several difficulties arising from their enactment were considered. Several suggestions were made to enact these two raws in order to enhance comsumer safety, consumer sovereignty, and consumer well-being.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

The production, processing, sale and service of food materials are not subject to attainment via a single country. In accordance with internationalization of the world, issues related to food safety have emerged as critical international concerns and they are closely associated with the health and interest of domestic consumers, producers, manufacturers, and distributors. As a third party certification standards, ISO 22000 is in progress International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and the Draft International Standard(DIS) has already been presented on December 2004. The purpose of this study is to analyze the international standards, guidelines and legislation in regard of Food Safety Management System(FSMS) including ISO 9001, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP) and Product Liability(PL) so as to present Korean-model Food Safety Management System requirements and system establishment model.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.527-536
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to consider the characteristics of fashion paradigm on contemporary fashion in pursuit of social change towards 'slowness'. As for the research methodology, literature survey has been undertaken. The results of this study can be summarized as followings. First, eco-friendly ethics towards sustainability is in taking action. The concept of 'cradle-to-cradle' is realized through reuse, recycle, organic material, and no use of chemical. Second, local diversity is revolving quality and longevity. Good quality of fashion made by artisans and specificity in local area is to be kept last. Third, people are recast in roles from simple consumers to self-made producers of their clothes. Users of clothes are more active and skilled role in practice of handmade, reform, DIY, and open-source design. In Conclusion, the fashion paradigm of 'slowness' is about designing, producing, consuming and living better to combine ideas for sense of nature's time, culture's time and people's time.