• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the effect of soy protein hydrolysates (SPH) prepared by varying subcritical media on the physicochemical properties of pork patties. For resource of SPH, two different soybean species (Glycine max Merr.) of Daewonkong (DWK) and Saedanbaek (SDB) were selected. SPH was prepared by subcritical processing at 190℃ and 25 MPa under three different of media (water, 20% ethanol and 50% ethanol). Solubility and free amino group content revealed that water was better to yield larger amount of SPH than ethanol/water mixtures, regardless of species. Molecular weight (Mw) distribution of SPH was also similar between two species, while slightly different Mw distribution was obtained by subcritical media. For pork patty application, 50% ethanol treatment showed clear red color comparing to control after 14 d of storage. In addition, ethanol treatment had better oxidative stability than control and water treatment based on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) analysis. For eating quality, although 20% ethanol treatment in SDB showed slightly higher cooking loss than control, generally addition of SPH did not affect the water-binding properties and hardness of pork patties. Consequently, the present study indicated that 50% ethanol was the best subcritical media to produce SPH possessing antioxidant activity, and the SPH produced from DWK exhibited better antioxidant activity than that produced SDB.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2007

Solar energy conversion to hydrogen was carried out via a two-step thermochemical water splitting using metal oxide redox pair. To simulate the solar radiation, a 7 kW short arc Xe-lamp was used. Partially reduced iron oxide and cerium oxide have the water splitting ability, respectively. So, $Fe_3O_4$ supported on $CeO_2$ was selected as the active material. $Fe_3O_4/CeO_2$(20 wt/80 wt%) was prepared by impregnation method, then the active material was washcoated on the ceramic honeycomb monolith made of mullite and cordierite. Oxygen was released at the reduction step($1673{\sim}1823\;K$) and hydrogen was produced from water at lower temperature($873{\sim}1273\;K$). The result demonstrate the possibility of the 2-step thermochemical water splitting hydrogen production by the active material washcoated monolith. And hydrogen and oxygen was produced separately without any separation process in a monolith installed reactor. But the SEM and EDX analysis results revealed that the support used in this experiment is not suitable due to the thermal instability and coating material migration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.522-526
• /
• 1997

Soy isoflavones could be recovered with adsorption resin column chromatography from soybean cooking water produced during soymilk or tofu manufacturing process. The main isoflavones in the soybean cooking water were genistin and daidzin, and their concentration was $0.083{\pm}0.019$ and $0.11{\pm}0.017\;mM$, respectively. Their aglycones were not detected. pH of soybean cooking water was critical in this chromatographic process and the recovery of isoflavones, both genistin and daidzin, was maximum at pH 4.0. Adsorption of genistin on the resin was stronger than that of daidzin. Elution rate and height/diameter ratio also affected the recovery yield. Under the optimal conditions, about 85% of genistin and 70% of daidzin could be isolated from soybean cooking water. Soy saponins were also recovered with isoflavones.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.496-505
• /
• 2009

The influence of roasting time on antibacterial and antioxidative effects of methanol and water coffee extracts was investigated. Extract yield differed with roasting time. The maximum yield of methanol extract was 20.02% and 24.00% at respective roasting times of 12 and 20 min. The maximum yield of water extracts was 2.70% and 18.58% at 5 and 25 min roasting time, respectively. Antibacterial effects of each extract were determined by the classical minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) paper disc diffusion method. Methanol extracts of different coffee samples inhibited growth of various strains except Escherichia coli. Extracts obtained following roasting times of 12, 14, 16, 20, and 25 min in particular displayed the most potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Among these extracts, that obtained from 12 min roasted coffee samples produced a MIC of $16.125{\mu}g$/mL against S. aureus. Water extracts applied at $1,000{\mu}g$/mL were growth inhibitory except against Salmonella choleraesuis and Prevotella intermedia. However, growth inhibition by water extracts was weak, with inhibitory zones of only 6-8 mm diameter produced. Determinations of free radical elimination for the different coffee extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl were compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene positive controls. Methanol and water extracts of different coffee samples ($100{\mu}g$/mL) showed $67.1{\sim}92.3%$ and $66.4{\sim}93.3%$ radical scavenging activity, respectively. However, longer roasting time (especially >20 min) tended to somewhat lower free radical elimination using both extracts. Total phenol in different coffee samples measured by the Folin-Denis method revealed the highest level of phenol contents with non-roasted coffee, whereas phenol content differed with different roasting time, ranging from $87.{\sim}126.5\;mg/g$ in methanol extracts. In water extracts, the phenol content was maximum at 8 min roasting time, whereas in other samples the content was varied from $95.0{\sim}199.1\;mg/g$.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2024

Many dinoflagellates produce bioluminescence. To estimate the intensity of bioluminescence produced by populations of the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Noctiluca scintillans and Polykrikos kofoidii and autotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium mediterraneum in Korean waters, we measured cellular bioluminescence intensity as a function of water temperature and calculated population bioluminescence intensity with cell abundances and water temperature. The mean 200-second-integrated bioluminescence intensity per cell (BL_cell) of N. scintillans satiated with the chlorophyte Dunaliella salina decreased continuously with increasing water temperature from 5 to 25℃. However, the BL_cell of P. kofoidii satiated with the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum continuously increased from 5 to 15℃ but decreased at temperatures exceeding this (to 30℃). Similarly, the BL_cell of A. mediterraneum continuously increased from 10 to 20℃ but decreased between 20 and 30℃. The difference between highest and lowest BL_cell of N. scintillans, P. kofoidii, and A. mediterraneum at the tested water temperatures was 3.5, 11.8, and 21.0 times, respectively, indicating that water temperature clearly affected BL_cell. The highest estimated population bioluminescence intensity (BL_popul) of N. scintillans in Korean waters in 1998-2022 was 4.22 × 10¹³ relative light unit per liter (RLU L^-1), which was 1,850 and 554,000 times greater than that of P. kofoidii and A. mediterraneum, respectively. This indicates that N. scintillans populations produced much brighter bioluminescence in Korean waters than the populations of P. kofoidii or A. mediterraneum.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.337-346
• /
• 2015

Water body extraction based on backscatter information is an essential process to analyze floodaffected areas from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. Water body in SAR image tends to have low backscatter values due to homogeneous surface of water, while non-water body has higher backscatter values than water body. Non-water body, however, may also have low backscatter values in high resolution SAR image such as Kompsat-5 image, depending on surface characteristic of the ground. The objective of this paper is to present a method to increase backscatter contrast between water body and non-water body and also to remove efficiently misclassified pixels beyond true water body area. We create an entropy image using a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and classify the entropy image into water body and non-water body pixels by thresholding of the entropy image. In order to reduce the effect of threshold value, we also propose Water Body Texture Index (WBTI), which measures simultaneously the occurrence of repeated water body pixel pair and the uniformity of water body in the binary entropy image. The proposed method produced high overall accuracy of 99.00% and Kappa coefficient of 90.38% in water body extraction using Kompsat-5 image. The accuracy analysis indicates that the proposed WBTI method is less affected by the choice of threshold value and successfully maintains high overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient in wide threshold range.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.5 no.6
• /
• pp.771-778
• /
• 1996

The sediment in the highly contaminated Gamjeon brook was collected, mixed with the raw material of the tile, and then the commercial tile was produced using the mixture. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the mixture-before and after the tile was produced-were analyzed and the effects of the acid solution on the produced tile were examined. The production of the tiles was successful and the result of heavy metal analysis showed that the concentration of Fe was the highest and that of Cd was the lowest The amount of heavy metal in the sediment - the raw material of the tile mixture was more than that of the produced tile. The elution concentration of the heavy metal by the acid solution(pH : 4 - 7) was low and the quality of the produced tile was better than the commercial tile. The result of this study suggested that the contaminated sediment was removed to produce good tiles, therefore the water pollution and soil pollution were reduced.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.133-136
• /
• 2010

Stromatal fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cardinalis were successfully produced in cereals. Brown rice, German millet and standard millet produced the longest-length of stromata, followed by Chinese pearl barley, Indian millet, black rice and standard barley. Oatmeal produced the shortest-length of fruiting bodies. Supplementation of pupa and larva to the grains resulted in a slightly enhanced production of fruiting bodies; pupa showing better production than larva. 50~60 g of brown rice and 10~20 g of pupa mixed with 50~60 mL of water in 1,000 mL polypropylene (PP) bottle was found to be optimum for fruiting body production. Liquid inoculation of 15~20 mL per PP bottle produced best fruiting bodies. The optimal temperature for the formation of fruiting bodies was $25^{\circ}C$, under conditions of continuous light. Few fruiting bodies were produced under the condition of complete darkness, and the fresh weight was considerable low, compared to that of light condition.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2015

The physical and optical properties of polymers with 2-fluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline added, which can be used for hydrophilic ophthalmic lenses, were investigated in this study. The UV-blocking properties of 2- and 4-fluoroaniline were also investigated by measuring their UV transmissibility. 2- and 4-Fluoroaniline were used as additives for the basic combination of HEMA, 5% AA, and 1% MMA, and the materials were copolymerized with EGDMA as the cross-linking agent and AIBN as the initiator. The refractive index, water content, optical transmittance, tensile strength, and contact angle were measured to evaluate the physical properties of the produced hydrogel lens. The measured physical properties of the hydrogel contact lens produced with the copolymerized polymer showed a refractive index of 1.425-1.436; a water content of 36.95-44.65%; a visual light transmittance of 66.0-81.0%; a tensile strength of 0.138-0.281 kgf; and a contact angle of $55.02-57.87^{\circ}$. The UV transmissibility was significantly reduced, which indicates that 2-fluoroaniline and 4-fluoroaniline have UV-blocking properties. This study showed that 2- and 4-fluoroaniline are expected to be used as UV-blocking materials in hydrogel ophthalmic lenses whose physical properties, such as their refractive index and water content, do not change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
• /
• 2005.12a
• /
• pp.51-53
• /
• 2005

Disposal of waterwork sludge is important problem in WTP(water treatment plant). Purpose of this study is treated municipal waste water chemically using sludge that is produced in waterwork plant by link to reutilize waterwork sludge. Municipal waste water that use in an experiment used is produced at C university, and is SS 220 mg/L, BOD 145 mg/L, COD 160 mg/L, T-N 52 mg/L and T-P 2.6 mg/L. Used Alum, polymer coagulant and coagulant aid (diatomite, powered activated carbon) as CaO, coagulant as alkaline aid by chemical treatment medicine. In case of does slow speed agitation and stations after pours waterwork sludge in sewage and alkaline aid and coagulant at rapidly mixing the colloidal creation speed is fast and fine colloids concentration was high but settling time is shortened a little and removal rate of pollutant improved by $60{\sim}99%$.