• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

Herniorrhaphy of Indirect inguinal hernia (IIH) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in children. The overall incidence of inguinal hernias in childhood ranges from 0.8 to 4.4 %. The incidence is up to 10 times higher in boys than girls, especially much higher in premature infants. IIHs in children are basically an arrest of embryologic development rather than an acquired weakness, which explains the increased incidence in premature infants. In normal development, the processus vaginalis closes, obliterating the peritoneal opening of the internal ring between 36th and 40th week of gestation. This process is often incomplete, leaving a small patent processus in many newborns. However, closure continues postnatally, and the rate of patency is inversely proportional to age of the child. The presence of a patent processus vaginalis is a necessary but not sufficient variable in developing a congenital IIH. In other words, all congenital IIHs are preceded by a patent processus vaginalis, but not all patent processus vaginalis go on to become IIHs. The overall incidence of IIH in population is approximately 1 to 2 % and the incidence of a processus vaginalis is approximately 12 to 14%, clinically appreciable IIH should develop in approximately 8 to 12 % of patients with a patent processus vaginalis. Although the classic open inguinal hernia repair remains the gold standard for most pediatric surgeons, laparoscopic repair is being performed in many centers. Like open technique, laparoscopic technique is fundamentally a high ligation of the indirect hernia sac with or without internal ring ligation. The advantages of laparoscopic approach include the ease of examining the contralateral internal ring, the avoidance of access damage to vas and vessels during mobilization of cord, decreased operative time, and an ability to identify unsuspected direct or femoral hernias. Almost all groin hernias in children are IIHs and occur as a result of incomplete closure of processus vaginalis. The treatment is repair by high ligation of hernia sac, which can be done by an open or laparoscopic technique. The contralateral side can be explored by laparoscopy or left alone, open exploration is no longer indicated due to potential risk of infertility.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1989

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a well established method of treating end stage renal failure, and is commonly used as an alternative to hemodialysis. Several complications have been observed. These include catheter malfunction, abdominal and inguinal hernia, and peritonitis. A relatively frequent complication is swelling of external genitalia, due to bowel fluid passing through a patent processus vaginalis. Special diagnostic procedures are necessary to determine the nature of the abnormality and to guide the surgical correction. We reported two cases of patent processus vaginalis in patient on CAPD proved by radionuclide peritoneal scintiscan using Tc-99 m-tin colloid.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.143-146
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• 2012

The processus vaginalis within the inguinal canal forms the canal of Nuck, which is a homolog of the processus vaginalis in women. Incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis causes indirect inguinal hernia or hydrocele of the canal of Nuck, a very rare condition in women. Here, we report 2 cases of hydrocele of the canal of Nuck that were diagnosed with ultrasonography in both cases and magnetic resonance imaging in 1 case to confirm the sonographic diagnosis. High ligation and hydrocelectomy were conducted in both patients. In 1 patient, 14 months later, the occurrence of contralateral inguinal hernia was suspected, but did not require surgery. The other patient had a history of surgery for left inguinal hernia 11 months before the occurrence of right hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. In both cases, the occurrence of an inguinal hernia on the contralateral side was noted.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.86-90
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• 2023

Pyocele in infants is rarely described in the literature, but it is an emergent condition that requires rapid recognition and treatment to prevent testicular loss. If peritonitis due to gastrointestinal perforation occurs, abdominal contamination may spread through a patent processus vaginalis in an infant, which may lead to pyocele. We report the cases of three infants with scrotal pyocele due to the spread of infection or inflammatory material from the intraperitoneal cavity through a patent processus vaginalis. Two infants were surgically treated, while the other was treated with percutaneous aspiration and intravenous antibiotic administration. Although rare, pyocele should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum in infants, especially in infants who previously had peritonitis due to gastrointestinal perforation.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2007

Migration of a peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt into the scrotum is a rare complication. We treated a case of catheter migration in the scrotum. A 12-year old boy, who had had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt at the age of 4 months due to neonatal hydrocephalus, visited the outpatient clinic because of a right inguinal hernia. On physical examination, a firm mass was found in the left scrotum. Pelvic X-ray demonstrated a coiled catheter in the left scrotum. The catheter was successfully removed by exploring the left patent processus vaginalis after high ligation of the hernia sac. This case suggests a suction action of the patent processus vaginalis and the possibility of catheter migration long after shunt catheter insertion.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2000

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt(VP shunt) for hydrocephalus is thought to inhibit the closure of processus vaginalis and promote inguinal hernia by increasing intraabdominal pressure. To estimate the patency rate of processus vaginalis and the incidence and characteristics of the inguinal hernia, 262 cases of VP shunt in early childhood between January 1980 and May 1998 at Seoul National University Children Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Inguinal hernia developed in 28 cases(10.7 %), but six patients had an inguinal hernia before the VP shunt was placed. Patients who had a VP shunt before 6 months of age developed inguinal hernia in 16.2 %(12/74) of cases, patients shunted between 6 months and 2 years had an incidence of 12.4 %(11/89) and only 5.1 %(5/99) of patients operated upon after 2 years of age developed hernias. Twenty-two patients out of 256 cases (8.6 %) developed inguinal hernia after VP shunt, with male predominance(M : F=4.5:1). Eight patients developed inguinal hernia bilaterally(36.4 %). It is suggested that at least 14% of processus vaginalis is patent until 2 years old.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2014

Purpose: Laparoscopic hernia repair in children is still controversial. The aim of this study was to report our long-term results of the laparoscopic hernia technique, which is based on the same surgical principles as conventional open herniotomy. Methods: Five hundred fourteen pediatric patients with inguinal hernia were included in this study under informed consent. All patients underwent a laparoscopic technique of sac transection and intracorporeal ligation. The asymptomatic contralateral inguinal ring was routinely explored and repaired if a patient had patent processus vaginalis on the contralateral side. Patients were prospectively followed for 5 years. Those who were lost to follow-up were excluded from the study. Perioperative complications and recurrences were evaluated. Results: The mean follow-up period was 29 months. Mean operation time was 27.5 minutes. Forty one percent of the patients had contralateral patent processus vaginalis. Only one hernia recurred (0.19%). We had one case of contralateral metachronous hernia (0.21%) during follow-up period. Conclusion: The long-term follow-up results of our study revealed that laparoscopic hernia sac transection and ligation can be a safe and effective alternative for conventional herniorraphy.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2007

저자들은 2000년 3월부터 2005년 9월까지, 건양대학교병원 외과에서 반대측에 대한 잔존 복막 초상돌기 개폐 여부를 복강경으로 확인한 환자 280명을 포함하여, 서혜부 탈장으로 고위 결찰술을 시행받은 만 15세 이하의 환자 601명을 대상으로 임상분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 환자의 성비는 3.8:1로 남아에서 호발하였고, 진단 당시의 발생부위는 오른쪽이 57.7%, 좌측이 32.1%, 양측이 10.1%였으며, 복강경으로 반대측 잔존 복막 초상돌기를 확인한 군의 결과도 유사하였다. 복강경으로 복막 초상돌기의 개방을 확인한 결과, 1세 이하에서는 25%, 1세에서 5세 이하에서는 29%, 5세 이상에서는 18%로, 복막 초상돌기의 자연 폐쇄를 확인 할 수 없었다. 편측 서혜부 탈장 수술 후 반대측 탈장이 생긴 경우는 14명(2.5%)이었으며, 복강경으로 반대측 잔존 복강 초상돌기의 개폐 유무의 확인이 가능했던 2003년 3월 이후에는 발견되지 않았다. 추적 기간 중 반대측 탈장이 생긴 경우, 1세 이하에서 증상이 나타난 경우와, 첫 증상이 왼쪽에서 생겼을 때가 통계적으로 유의하였으며 이는 일반적인 반대측 탈장 발생의 고위험군과 일치하는 결과이다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2002

초음파 검사는 수술 전 탈장 진단을 위한 안전하고 간편한 진단방법으로 본 연구에서는 서혜부 탈장의 진단 시 초음파 검사의 정확도와 잠복 탈장에 대한 초음파의 진단적 의의를 확인하고자 하였다. 1999년 3월부터 2000년 1월까지 경북대학교 일반외과학 교실에서 이학적 검사상 서혜부 탈장이 의심되어 술 전 확인을 위해 초음파 검사를 실시한 82명의 남아 (편측성 70예, 양측성 12예)를 대상으로 하였다. 서혜부 탈장 확진을 위한 초음파 검사의 진단 기준은 1)장관 탈장, 2)교통성 음낭수종, 3)초상돌기 확장, 즉 내서혜륜 부위에서 초상돌기의 너비가 4 mm 이상되는 경우로 하였다. 서혜부 탈장의 임상적 증상이 있었던 94개서의 서혜부에 대한 초음파 검사 결과, 장관 탈장 31개 (33%), 교통성 음낭수종 18개 (19%), 초상돌기 확장 38개 (41%), 탈장이 없는 경우가 7개 (7%)였다. 임상적 증상이 없었던 70개소의 서혜부는 초음파 검사상 장관 탈장 4개 (6%), 5개 (7%), 교통성 음낭수종, 초상돌기 확장 11개 (16%), 탈장이 없는 경우가 50개 (70%) 였다. 편측성 탈장의 증상을 가진 환아 중 20예 (28%) 가 초음파 검사에서 이학적 검사상 발견되지 않은 반대측 탈장이 발견되었으며 이들 중 5 개 (7%)는 탈장 없는 것으로 진단되었다. 양측성 탈장을 가진 12예 중 2예가 초음파 검사상 편측성 탈장으로 진단되었다. 초음파 검사상 서혜부 탈장으로 진단된 모든 예에서 서혜부 탈정 교정수술을 시행하였다. 164개소의 서혜부 중 이학적 검사에 의해 137개가 정확하게 진단되었으며 27개가 오진이었으므로 이학적 검사의 정확도는 83.5%였다. 탈장 교정수술을 시행한 107개의 서혜부 중 초음파 검사상 탈장으로 정확하게 진단된 경우는 104개이고 오진된 경우는 3예로 초음파 검사의 정확도는 97.2% 였다. 초상돌기 확대의 경우는 탈장의 증상이 있었던 38개소 중 36개, 증상이 없었던 11개 중 10개로 잠복 탈장의 경우 초음파 진단의 민감도는 93.8%였다. 서혜부 탈장의 진단에 있어 초음파 검사는 비침습적이며 높은 정확도를 가진 진단 방법으로 이미 임상적 검사상 확진된 탈장의 경우 간과하고 지나갈 수 있는 반대측 서혜부 탈장의 진단에 유리하며 본 연구와 같이 내서혜륜의 정상 직경의 상한을 4 mm로 정하면 술 전에 잠복 탈장을 비교적 쉽게 진단할 수 있어 불필요한 반대측 탈장 교정 수술을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이에 서혜부 탈장이 의심되는 환아에 있어 상용 검사로 초음파 검사를 제안하는 바이다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.792-807
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• 2022

소아와 청소년에서 서혜부와 음낭 질환들은 비교적 흔하며, 영상은 이들 질환의 진단과 감별진단에 매우 유용하다. 때문에 이 질환들의 영상 소견을 알고 있는 것이 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 이 질환들을 크기가 작은 고환, 잠복고환, 남아있는 초상 돌기, 급성 고환통, 외상, 종양, 그 외로 분류하고 이 질환 들의 특징적인 소견에 대해 기술하고자 한다.