• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.927-937
• /
• 2018

In this paper the comparative study of the consonants of Pyongyang and Seoul dialects of Korean is performed from the perspective of the signal processing which can be regarded as the basis of engineering applications. Until today, the most of speech signal studies were primarily focused on the vowels which are playing important role in the language evolution. In any language, however, the number of consonants is greater than the number of vowels. Therefore, the research of consonants is also important. In this paper, with the vowel study of the Pyongyang dialect, which was conducted by phonological research and experimental phonetic methods, the consonant studies are processed based on an engineering operation. The alveolar consonant, which has demonstrated many differences in the phonetic value between Pyongyang and Seoul dialects, was used as the experimental data. The major parameters of the speech signal analysis - formant frequency, pitch, spectrogram - are measured. The phonetic values between the two dialects were compared with respect to /시/ and /씨/ of Korean language. This study can be used as the basis for the voice recognition and the voice synthesis in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2021.05a
• /
• pp.611-613
• /
• 2021

Recently, research and development of quantum computers, which exceed the limits of classical computers, have been actively carried out in various fields. Quantum computers, which use quantum mechanics principles in a way different from the electrical signal processing of classical computers, have various quantum mechanical phenomena such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement. It goes through a very complicated calculation process compared to the calculation of a classical computer for performing an operation using its characteristics. In order to utilize each element efficiently and accurately, it is necessary to visualize the data before driving the actual quantum computer and perform error verification, optimization, reliability, and verification. However, when visualizing all the data of various elements configured inside the quantum computer, it is difficult to intuitively grasp the necessary data, so it is necessary to visualize the data selectively. In this paper, we visualize the data of various elements that make up a quantum computer, and hierarchically visualize the internal circuit components of a quantum computer that are complicatedly configured so that the data can be observed and utilized intuitively.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2022

After the corona virus, as non-face-to-face services are activated, domain services that guarantee integrity by embedding sensing information of the Internet of Things (IoT) with block chain technology are expanding. For example, in areas such as safety and security using CCTV, a process is required to safely update firmware in real time and to confirm that there is no malicious intrusion. In the existing safe security processing procedures, in many cases, the person in charge performing official duties carried a USB device and directly updated the firmware. However, when private blockchain technology such as Hyperledger is used, the convenience and work efficiency of the Internet of Things environment can be expected to increase. This article describes scenarios in how to prevent vulnerabilities in the operating environment of various customers such as firmware updates and device changes in a non-face-to-face environment. In particular, we introduced the optimal blockchain technique for the Internet of Things (IoT), which is easily exposed to malicious security risks such as hacking and information leakage. In this article, we tried to present the necessity and implications of security management that guarantees integrity through operation applying block chain technology in the increasingly expanding Internet of Things environment. If this is used, it is expected to gain insight into how to apply the blockchain technique to guidelines for strengthening the security of the IoT environment in the future.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2022

Recently, the image processing industry has been activated as deep learning-based technology is introduced in the image recognition and detection field. With the development of deep learning technology, learning model vulnerabilities for adversarial attacks continue to be reported. However, studies on countermeasures against poisoning attacks that inject malicious data during learning are insufficient. The conventional countermeasure against poisoning attacks has a limitation in that it is necessary to perform a separate detection and removal operation by examining the training data each time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a technique for reducing the attack success rate by applying modifications to the training data and inference data without a separate detection and removal process for the poison data. The One-shot kill poison attack, a clean label poison attack proposed in previous studies, was used as an attack model. The attack performance was confirmed by dividing it into a general attacker and an intelligent attacker according to the attacker's attack strategy. According to the experimental results, when the proposed defense mechanism is applied, the attack success rate can be reduced by up to 65% compared to the conventional method.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2022

This study briefly compares the first-cycle certification of nursing hospitals with the second-cycle certification, reviews the changes and achievements of the second-cycle certification and the third-cycle certification, and examples of challenges and solutions in the process of preparing the third-cycle certification. In this study, it is suggested as follows. First, in order to see the practical effect of certification intended by the government, the exhibition is prepared in a short period of time before certification. Second, after the implementation of the nursing hospital certification system, research on the hospital performance of the medical institution certification system is insufficient in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore, in order to see the effect on the certification system, various research support is also required so that research on this can be actively conducted. Third, design certification standard guidelines from a long-term perspective so that the standard guidelines for certification do not change significantly, and certify not only the guidelines but also individual standards and forms that can be used by medical institutions. Fourth, in the four-cycle certification, accurate and realistic guidelines for infection control and quarantine ward operation support should be developed. The importance of managing infectious diseases will be highlighted in the future due to COVID-19. Fifth, medical institutions can improve the quality of medical care in nursing hospitals and have competitiveness if their daily activities, not short-term certification preparation, are carried out in accordance with certification standards, which affects performance. Sixth, when preparing for certification, nursing hospital officials have problems in organizing documents or processing administratively in the short term as in the past. This is also based on the certification criteria for the usual business process.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2022

In a smart factory environment in a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) environment, sensors and actuators operating on actual manufacturing lines, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to manage them, human-machine interface (HMI) to control and manage such PLCs, and consists of operational technology server to manage PLCs and HMI again. PLC and HMI, which are in charge of control automation, perform direct connection with OT servers, application systems for factory operation, robots for on-site automation, and production facilities, so the development of security technology in a smart factory environment is demanded. However, smart factories in the SME environment are often composed of systems that used to operate in closed environments in the past, so there exist a vulnerable part to security in the current environment where they operate in conjunction with the outside through the Internet. In order to achieve the internalization of smart factory security in this SME environment, it is necessary to establish a process according to the IEC 62443-4-1 Secure Product Development Life cycle at the stage of smart factory SW and HW development. In addition, it is necessary to introduce a suitable development methodology that considers IEC 62443-4-2 Component security requirements and IEC 62443-3 System security requirements. Therefore, this paper proposes an application plan for the IEC 62443 based development security process to provide security internalization to smart factories in an SME environment.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.12
• /
• pp.505-518
• /
• 2023

3D point cloud semantic segmentation is a computer vision task that involves dividing the point cloud into different objects and regions by predicting the class label of each point. Existing 3D semantic segmentation models have some limitations in performing sufficient fusion of multi-modal features while ensuring both characteristics of 2D visual features extracted from RGB images and 3D geometric features extracted from point cloud. Therefore, in this paper, we propose MMCA-Net, a novel 3D semantic segmentation model using 2D-3D multi-modal features. The proposed model effectively fuses two heterogeneous 2D visual features and 3D geometric features by using an intermediate fusion strategy and a multi-modal cross attention-based fusion operation. Also, the proposed model extracts context-rich 3D geometric features from input point cloud consisting of irregularly distributed points by adopting PTv2 as 3D geometric encoder. In this paper, we conducted both quantitative and qualitative experiments with the benchmark dataset, ScanNetv2 in order to analyze the performance of the proposed model. In terms of the metric mIoU, the proposed model showed a 9.2% performance improvement over the PTv2 model using only 3D geometric features, and a 12.12% performance improvement over the MVPNet model using 2D-3D multi-modal features. As a result, we proved the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed model.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.119-131
• /
• 2024

Understanding accurate traffic performance is crucial for ensuring efficient highway operation and providing a sustainable mobility environment. On the other hand, an immediate and precise estimation of highway traffic performance faces challenges because of infrastructure and technological constraints, data processing complexities, and limitations in using integrated big data. This paper introduces a framework for estimating traffic performance by analyzing real-time data sourced from toll collection systems and dedicated short-range communications used on highways. In particular, this study addresses the data errors arising from segmented information in data, influencing the individual travel trajectories of vehicles and establishing a more reliable Origin-Destination (OD) framework. The study revealed the necessity of trip linkage for accurate estimations when consecutive segments of individual vehicle travel within the OD occur within a 20-minute window. By linking these trip ODs, the daily average highway traffic performance for South Korea was estimated to be248,624 thousand vehicle kilometers per day. This value shows an increase of approximately 458 thousand vehicle kilometers per day compared to the 248,166 thousand vehicle kilometers per day reported in the highway operations manual. This outcome highlights the potential for supplementing previously omitted traffic performance data through the methodology proposed in this study.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2024

This paper proposes an IoT-based indoor autonomous driving system that applies SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) and Navigation techniques in a ROS (Robot Operating System) environment based on TurtleBot3. The proposed autonomous driving system can be applied to indoor autonomous wheelchairs and robots. In this study, the operation was verified by applying it to an indoor self-driving wheelchair. The proposed autonomous driving system provides two functions. First, indoor environment information is collected and stored, which allows the wheelchair to recognize obstacles. By performing navigation using the map created through this, the rider can move to the desired location through autonomous driving of the wheelchair. Second, it provides the ability to track and move a specific logo through image recognition using OpenCV. Through this, information services can be received from guides wearing uniforms with the organization's unique logo. The proposed system is expected to provide convenience to passengers by improving mobility, safety, and usability over existing wheelchairs.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.239-248
• /
• 2024

VTS operators monitor movements of vessels within their jurisdiction and provide necessary information to ensure safe navigation. This involves communication with vessels within the VTS area. Contents of these communications are manually recorded in logbooks. However, manual logging faces limitations due to its inability to document details comprehensively and the challenge of constant recording amidst various duties. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the workload associated with manual logkeeping by examining eye movements of VTS operators. Eye-tracking devices were used to measure gaze patterns of VTS operator at the Busan Port. Results indicated that approximately 65% of the VTS operators' gaze was directed towards the operation consoles, which were focal points for marine traffic information. In contrast, only about 9% of their gaze was directed towards logbooks. These findings suggest that while VTS operators predominantly focus on areas related to information gathering and dissemination, logbooks, being information-recording zones, receive minimal attention. For effective traffic management, the primary focus should be on information processing and provision rather than manual documentation.