• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2012

This paper proposes a distributed autonomous control method of swarm robot behavior strategy based on artificial immune system and an optimization strategy for artificial immune system. The behavior strategies of swarm robot in the system are depend on the task distribution in environment and we have to consider the dynamics of the system environment. In this paper, the behavior strategies divided into dispersion and aggregation. For applying to artificial immune system, an individual of swarm is regarded as a B-cell, each task distribution in environment as an antigen, a behavior strategy as an antibody and control parameter as a T-cell respectively. The executing process of proposed method is as follows: When the environmental condition changes, the agent selects an appropriate behavior strategy. And its behavior strategy is stimulated and suppressed by other agent using communication. Finally much stimulated strategy is adopted as a swarm behavior strategy. In order to decide more accurately select the behavior strategy, the optimized parameter learning procedure that is represented by stimulus function of antigen to antibody in artificial immune system is required. In this paper, particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to this learning procedure. The proposed method shows more adaptive and robustness results than the existing system at the viewpoint that the swarm robots learning and adaptation degree associated with the changing of tasks.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.197-216
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• 2002

Cooperativeness within an organization can be conceptualized as the degree of members' willingness to work with others. The simulation study investigates the relationships of cooperativeness with team performance at different levels of information redundancy by using a multi-agents model called Team-Soar. The model consists of a group of four individual Al agents situated in a network, which models a naval command and control team consisting of four members. The study used a $9{\times}3$ design in which agent cooperativeness was manipulated at nine levels by gradually replacing selfish team members with increasing numbers of neutral and cooperative members, while information redundancy was controlled at three different levels(i.e., low, medium, and high). Results of the Team-Soar simulation show that cooperation has positive impacts on team performance. Further, the results reveal that the impact of agent cooperativeness on team performance depends on the amount of information needed to be processed during the decision making process.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.489-489
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• 2000

Recently, Reinforcement Learning(RL) methods have been used far teaming problems in Partially Observable Markov Decision Process(POMDP) environments. Conventional RL-methods, however, have limited applicability to POMDP To overcome the partial observability, several algorithms were proposed [5], [7]. The aim of this paper is to extend our previous algorithm for POMDP, called Labeling Q-learning(LQ-learning), which reinforces incomplete information of perception with labeling. Namely, in the LQ-learning, the agent percepts the current states by pair of observation and its label, and the agent can distinguish states, which look as same, more exactly. Labeling is carried out by a hash-like function, which we call Labeling Function(LF). Numerous labeling functions can be considered, but in this paper, we will introduce several labeling functions based on only 2 or 3 immediate past sequential observations. We introduce the basic idea of LQ-learning briefly, apply it to maze problems, simple POMDP environments, and show its availability with empirical results, look better than conventional RL algorithms.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2000

Modern manufacturing systems should cope with the frequent changes in a product model and disturbances in manufacturing process. The control system of such systems must cover a constant adaptation and high flexibility. Holonic Flexible Manufacturing Cell(HFMC) is introduced to handle these issues more successfully. It is based on the concept of autonomous co-operating agent, called 'Holon', which is a building block of a manufacturing system for transforming, transporting, storing and/or validating information and physical objects. In this paper the basic structure of the HFMC is represented by using Unified Modeling Language and Open architecture cell controller is developed for effective integration components of a manufacturing system. Also a new control model, called MuLOM(Multi-Layered Operation Model), is suggested to represent the control behaviour for a holonic flexible manufacturing cell control system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3949-3956
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• 2022

Kori Unit 1 is planning a system decontamination project to reduce radiation exposure of decommissioning workers, prevent the spread of contamination and down-grade the level of classification of radioactive waste. The system decontamination range for Kori Unit 1 will be the entire primary system, including RCS, CVCS and RHRS. Some system design modifications are required for the system decontamination operation. In this paper, major system design modifications were evaluated based on the conditions that system restoration is needed after completion of system decontamination. The major system design modifications are CIDF connection location to system, system decontamination operating pressure control, RCP seal water injection and formation of letdown flow. It was evaluated that there was no negative effect on the system due to the system design modifications. However, as the RCP seal water is injected into the system in the oxidation process, the concentration of the oxidizing agent is diluted. Therefore, the oxidizing agent injection and system decontamination operation procedures should be developed to address the dilution effect of the oxidizing agent. The system design modifications dealt in this paper will be finally confirmed through on-site investigation in the future, and if necessary, the system design modifications will be re-evaluated.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.673-684
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 인간 교사를 모사하는 "컴퓨터 교사" 역할을 하는 애니메이션 된 튜터링 다이얼로그 에이전트를 구현하고 초등학교 과학과 교수-학습 자료와 통합시켜서 자연어를 기반으로 한 일대일 대화를 통한 교수 학습이 이루어지는 교수-학습 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 교수용 다이얼로그 에이전트는 학습자의 대답을 분석하고, 웹 코스웨어를 학습한 후에 초등과학 학습과제에서 요구되는 성취 수준과 비교하여 적절한 질문이나 대답을 제공하는데, TTS(Text-to-Speech) 기능을 이용하여 학습자에게 구어체로 질문이나 대답을 주는 기능을 갖고 있으며 애니메이션 된 인간 교사의 얼굴을 통하여 학습자에게 피드백을 제시할 수 있도록 하였다. 구현된 대화형 인터페이스는 6학년 초등학생 64명에게 현장 실험을 하였다. 현장 실험 결과 비교집단보다 실험집단의 학습 성취도가 평균 10.797점이 향상됨을 보여주었다. 이러한 학습효과는 기존의 웹 코스웨어와 달리 "묻고-답하는" 과정과 인간 교사의 감정을 담은 애니메이션 된 캐릭터를 통하여 학습자들의 호기심을 자극하여 보다 쉽게 교수-학습 과정에 몰입하게 함으로서 학습 효과를 증진시킨 결과로 판단된다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2001

고가용 E-Business 모델을 위해 구축된 다중 분산 웹 클러스터 모델은 구조적 특성상 내부 시스템 노드들이 노출되어 있으며, 불법적인 3자에 의한 고의적인 방해와 공격으로 정상적인 작업수행이 불가능할 가능성을 지니고 있다. 따라서 구성된 시스템 노드들을 보호하고 불법적인 사용자로부터의 정보유출과 부당한 서비스 요구를 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 보안 시스템이 필요하다. 제안한 분산 침입 탐지 시스템은 SC-Server의 공유메모리를 기반으로 SC-Agent간의 유기적인 제어를 통하여 개방된 네트워크 상에 분산되어 있는 시스템 노드에 대한 불법적인 요구나 자원 접근을 탐지하는 기술이다. 분산 침입 탐지시스템은 불법적인 침입을 탐지하기 위하여 일차적으로 Detection Agent를 이용한 작업요구 패킷의 검사를 수행하며, 이후 작업이 진행되었을 때 Monitoring Agent를 통하여 작업과정을 관찰하며 허용되지 않는 자원의 접근 및 요구가 발생하였을 때, 다른 시스템 노드와의 긴밀한 협조작업을 통해 침입여부를 판단한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.14
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• 2020

Objectives: To minimize the tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching, many dentists use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and topical desensitizing gels containing potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these substances on inflammation and the expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pulp nerve fibers. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: GI, control; GII, only dental bleaching; GIII, only ibuprofen; GIV, ibuprofen administered 30 minutes before and after the bleaching treatment and every 12 hours until the analysis; GV, only topical application of a desensitizing agent; and GVI, topical application of a desensitizing agent before dental bleaching. Placebo gel was applied to the upper left jaw and the bleaching agent was applied to the upper right jaw in all groups. Subsequently, the groups were divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of analysis: 0, 24, and 48 hours after bleaching (n = 8). The rats were euthanized and the maxillae were processed and evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). Results: In the bleaching groups, the inflammatory process and expression of neuropeptides decreased over time. The animals in which a desensitizing agent was applied showed better results within 24 hours. Conclusions: The use of a desensitizing agent had positive effects on inflammation and pain-related neuropeptide expression, minimizing the painful effects of dental bleaching treatment.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2015

White ledger usually includes white office paper, computer paper, and copy machine paper. Because these grades need high optical properties, fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are widely used in the papermaking process. FWAs are the most powerful and effective chemical used to obtain high CIE whiteness and ISO brightness in papers. The rising demand for white or ultra-white papers has increased the use of FWAs. However, FWAs used in white ledger can restrict its use, even though white ledger is widely used as a raw material in paperboard mills. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to control FWAs from white ledger to increase its use in paperboard mills. In this study, the behaviors of disulpho fluorescent whitening agent (D-FWA), tetrasulpo fluorescent whitening agent (T-FWA), and hexasulpho fluorescent whitening agent (H-FWA) during the recycling process were identified as a first step to remove FWAs from white ledger. We prepared four types of papers (dyed with D-FWA, T-FWA, and H-FWA), disintegrated these papers, and made handsheets. This recycling process was carried out three times in a laboratory. After each round of recycling, the hand-sheets' CIE whiteness and fluorescence index were measured, and the distribution of FWAs in the Z-direction was observed using CLSM images. FWA reductions in the model papers were calculated using fluorescence indices as a function of the number of recycling. FWAs in handsheets containing T-FWA and H-FWA decreased linearly as a function of the number of recycling, but D-FWA did not show a significant reduction in the fluorescence index after recycling. T-FWA and H-FWA showed similar distributions of D-FWA after recycling. Therefore, as much T-FWA and H-FWA as possible must be detached in the early processes of papermaking at paperboard mills.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.975-976
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• 2006

The present paper is a parameter study of zinc flake production using a Simoloyer CM01 horizontal high energy rotary ball mill. The manufactured flakes have a dimension in thickness (t) < $1{\mu}m$ and diameters (d) 5-100 ${\mu}m$, consequently a ratio d/t up to 200. The flake geometry is mainly controlled by the variation of process parameters such as rotary speed of the rotor, ratio of powder/ball charge, load ratio of the system, process temperature, operating model and the quantity of process control agent (PCA). The Zn flakes were characterized by SEM, tap densitometry, laser diffraction and water coverage measurement.