• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.123-142
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• 2022

In 2000, North Korea developed and published a two-volume, <Classification-Search Term Dictionary> and is currently used throughout North Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine the development process of the classification schemes of the North Korea after liberation and to understand the contents, composition, and principles of the <Classification-Search Term Dictionary> published in 2000 and revised in 2014. Until now, all the studies of the North Korean classification schemes were studies on the <Book Classification Scheme> published in North Korea in 1964, and there has been no discussion on North Korea's classification schemes since then. The first volume of the <Classification-Search Term Dictionary> consists of 'classification symbols - search terms', and the second volume consists of 'search terms - classification symbols'. Volume 1 is based on the <Books and Bibliography Classification Scheme (1996)>, and there are a total of 41 main classes in five categories. Volume 1 allocates 1 main class (11/19) to 'revolutionary ideas and theories', 8 main classes (20~27) to 'natural sciences', 19 main classes (30~69) to 'engineering technology and applied sciences', 12 main classes (70~85) to 'social sciences', and 1 main class (90) to 'total sciences'. Volume 2 is similar to subject-headings. North Korea's <Classification-Search Term Dictionary> is the first classification scheme introduced in South Korea and is expected to be the starting point for future studies on the establishment of the standard unification classification schemes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

In order to prepare a basis for ecological restoration of the Seoul Metropolitan area, ecological diagnoses on soil physico-chemical properties and vegetation structure were carried out. Land use patterns, actual vegetation, and biotope patterns were also investigated based on aerial photograph interpretation and field checks. I formulated landscape elements overlaying those data and evaluated the ecological value of each element. Soil pollution was evaluated by analyzing soil samples collected in each grid on the mesh map, divided by 2km $\times$ 2km intervals. Soil samples were collected in forests or grasslands escaped from direct human interference. Soil pollution evaluated from pH, and SO$_4$, Ca, Mg, and Al contents of soil was more severe in the urban outskirts than in the urban center. Those soil environmental factors showed significant correlation with each other. Vegetation in the urban area was different in species composition from that in suburban areas and showed lower diversity compared with that in the suburban areas. Successional process investigated by population structure of major species also showed a difference. That is, successional trend was normal in suburban areas, but that in urban areas showed a retrogressive pattern. The landscape ecological map of Seoul indicates that the urban center lacks vegetation and greenery space is restricted in urban outskirts. Such an uneven distribution of vegetation has caused a specific urban climate and thereby contributed to aggravation of air and soil pollution, furthermore causing vegetation decline. From this result, it was estimated that such uneven distribution of vegetation functioned as a trigger factor to deteriorate the urban environment. I suggested, therefore, a restoration plan based on landscape ecological principles, which emphasizes connectivity and even distribution of green areas throughout the whole area of the Seoul to solve this complex environmental problem. In this restoration plan, first of all, I decided the priority order for connection of the fragmented greenery spaces based on the distances from the core reserves comprised of green belt and rivers, which play roles as habitats of wildlife as well as for improvement of urban environment. Next, I prepared methods to restore each landscape element included in the paths of green network to be constructed in the future on the bases of such preferential order. Rivers and roads, which hold good connectivity, were chosen as elements to play important roles in constructing green network by linking the fragmented greenery spaces.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.71-91
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• 2015

This study is a process to study the life drawing teaching method considering professional characteristics in animation and has a study objective to design the model and teaching method which applies the strategies considering the creative mechanism of the brain. Recently, study results about integrated teaching method are being announced which apply brain based learning principles as the alternative arguments about teaching methods in each area based on creativeness. In other words, integrated education based on creative mechanism in the brain is applied not only to fine arts and drawing education, but also to the entire areas of the arts. Life drawing is an area which demands comprehensive teaching method that vivid expressions could be skillfully obtained by understanding the communication methods with the objects through cognitive senses, creativeness and movements beyond the structural knowledge about human body. Therefore in this study, the strategies and methods for the skillfulness of life drawing and consequently arranged education model structure drawing are to be designed based on the creativeness, study materials and content factors which were analyzed in previous stages of this study. In order to combine the content factors based on creativeness and study materials of the brain which are the results of previous studies, the conclusion has been reached that 5 step cognitive strategy stages to wake brain senses, flexibilize the brain, purify the brain, integrate the brain and become the master of the brain. Strategic methods to execute this were designed with brain gym, right brain energization drawing and HSP(high-level cognizance) training. Teaching and learning model structure diagram which is designed based on this is to be continued to teaching and learning guidelines during the relevant semesters after the research.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.648-659
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• 2000

Through this study I would like to examine the meaning system of the symbolized codes related with real costume figures of the abstract concept of the style of the mourning ceremonial dress in Chosun Dynasty as a variable cause of communication through non-language method by the structural analysis of coding of the ceremonial dress style and the meaning system of the codes centering on the traditional book of funeral etiquette dealing with hueneral cereony in the period. To achieve this purpose, I have used the symbolic theory of constructive concept by F. de Saussure, cultural notation theory of Roland Barthes & Umberto Eco, and structural style of costumes by Myung-Sook Han. The result of the study is as follows. 1. As Chosun Dynasty was a society in which people considered courtesy so much important and practiced the basic Confucian ideas of the three bonds and five moral disciplines in human relations, the characteristic of funeral rites in Chosun Dynasty consists in expression of the thoughts of moral ethics & relative systems and systems of clan rules, etc which was a langue determining the symbols of mourning ceremony dress because the mourning ceremony dress in the period should have the feature of a langue. The mourning ceremonial dresses in the period had five grades of the consume and the grades were determined to be classified into five levels according to the clan system of the chief mourner with sang, ha bang. And the method of the association of the mourning ceremonial dress codes had the six principles of Chinchin, Jonjon, Myoungboon, Chulip, Changyu, and Jongbok. 2. Regarding the mourning ceremonial costumes in Korean society, the meaning of funeral ceremony was expressed by the signifier and materials of the mourning costumes in the society. During the process of the funeral, the intangible feeling of condolence was the expression of mourning and the tangible mourning ceremonial dress was the signal with the lamentation meaning. Especially, characters and patterns were removed from the mourning ceremonial dresses in spite of their function of symbols and the styles of costumes were emphasized. Especially the meaning of condolences was symbolized by attachment of some small pieces of cloth on the upper garments. Hemp was mainly emphasized to be the material of the costumes and some different meanings showed according to the quality of the material hemp. The mourning ceremonial dresses were distinguished from ordinary dresses, which were emphasized because they gad some symbolic meaning of the mourning. 3. Considering the association of the synthetic relations of the costumes from the viewpoint that the mourning ceremonial dresses would be classified according to a system, the symbolization of them were avaliable by sex according to how to combine them and there were no distinction between social classes in the society.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.365-376
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• 2019

Now, our urban space is composed of all kinds of sculptures that lost its individual charm in trend flows and street furniture standardized by the integrated design of standardized franchises and similar architectures per each region and autonomous districts. This study was to introduce the concept called the 'community furniture' in the urban environment that there is no an identity of the regional culture and a sense of place because of the mostly similar street environment. The purpose of this study is to propose the concept called the 'community furniture' referred to as public facilities that imply specific identities of some regions that have became the community art expanded into necessary facilities of urban composition as bus shelter's universal convenience and functionality have been preferentially handled and its regional identities are reflected. For doing this, this study fulfilled application alternatives of community furniture design's basic principles after examining the storytelling process of local cultural heritages and analyzing domestic and foreign cases of bus shelters. Results of this study are as follows. First, convergent synergy effects in information and culture and art sectors could be expected as bus shelters visually deliver storytelling factors that imply locally related images. Second, space and place's characteristics and sustainable design concepts embody local characteristics. They can suggest directions for vitalizing urban environment designs by being in harmony with surrounding environments. Third, it is expected that realizing distinctive places is possible as bus shelters with local communities' aesthetic consciousness and regionality are composed of new street spaces.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.48
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• pp.210-252
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• 2016

Community creates, receives and preserves the records, which made the community members and the entire society remember their history. As for community archives, archival appraisal is very political activity because appraisal of community records means whose memory remain alive in history. This study aims to analyze archival appraisal theories from the perspective of community and community archives, and suggest appraisal model for community archives. This study begins with examining the meaning of community archives and appraisal related issues including; i) community identity and independence of archives, ii) struggle of memory and multiple narratives, iii) uniqueness of each community and its archives, and iv) community archives as memory process and social inclusion. At the next stage, it deals with the archival theories from Schellenberg's archival values theory to macro-appraisal, to investigate possible application of theories for community records appraisal. It finds that the societal approach of macro-appraisal have advantage to appraise the community records. This study finally suggests the appraisal model for community archives by modifying the macro-appraisal components as well as by complying the principles of community archives. The model consists of the purpose and object of appraisal, principle and basis of valuation, and cooperation model between mainstream repository and community.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-68
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• 2022

This study was conducted to design a financial system for the sustainable life of mankind. Human society faces a constant crisis and leads a life while overcoming it. The polarization is intensifying in the process of overcoming the economic crisis or crisis caused by the virus. In a society adopting the capitalist economic system, it is a common phenomenon that polarization intensifies with the passage of time, but since the intensification of polarization can destroy human society as a community, active countermeasures are required. The purpose of this study was to prevent the deepening of polarization by redesigning important financial-related systems from the perspective of human life and maintenance of human society. Through the history of mankind, monetary and financial systems related to sustainable society have been analyzed, and a financial system model that is ideal for the modern and future society and is sustainable in the long term has been derived. The conditions for a long-term sustainable financial system should be a model that can solve the problems of the current system, such as deepening polarization, and a model that is faithful to the characteristics of the modern economic society and the essence of sustainable life. And it can be sustainable only if it is based on the common principles of human society. It should be a model that guarantees core values such as growth and equality that human society demands. After analyzing the problems of the current economic system and analyzing the conditions required for the new system, the basic axioms that the new financial system should be based on were presented, and a desirable model was derived based on this. The structure of the derived model and the specific operation model were presented. In the future, follow-up studies are needed to concrete this model.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2023

There are differing opinions among scholars as to whether "chuseo" (ugly writing) should be considered as one of the schools in modern calligraphy. Those who do not recognize "chuseo" argue that it lacks traditional rules for stroke formation and therefore loses its distinctiveness. However, the existence and development of "chuseo" are closely related to the constant exploration and reform of modern calligraphy, as well as the increasing aesthetic awareness and changing aesthetic standards of calligraphers with changing times. As a result, there are now more people who recognize "chuseo" as a legitimate form of calligraphy. Calligraphers who lead the times learn and accumulate experiences by adhering to traditional calligraphic principles. However, there are calligraphers who discard the traditional Confucian concept of "chungyong" (中庸) and display "ugliness" in their works. Ok Heung-hwa and Jeung Sang are two such calligraphers who created their own style by incorporating ancient oracle bone inscriptions as their main focus and folk calligraphy as their bloodline. This paper aims to explore and study the definition and formation process of "chuseo" by analyzing the works of Ok Heung-hwa and Jeung Sang. At the same time, it aims to summarize the characteristics and aesthetic beauty of "chuseo".

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.28
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• pp.207-241
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• 2017

In the scripture of Daesoon Jinrihoe, the expression 'Dosu (度數)' is frequently used and Jeungsan, Jeongsan, and Wudang also left behind many teachings related to Dosu. In this paper, the concept of Dosu is analyzed in detail and the achievement of an in-depth understanding of the concept of Dosu is attempted. The term Dosu is often used in traditional literature. In the classics, Dosu was used to mean institutions, standards, rules, law, figures, and the laws of heavenly bodies. In other words, Dosu is used to mean the laws of astronomy and the norms of human society. This meaning is expanded and used as the principle of the universe and nature. This concept of Dosu is related to the mathematical cosmological understanding of numbers as the principle of the universe. This type of mathematical cosmology was systematized by Shao Yong (邵雍). In the Joseon Dynasty, Seo Gyungduk (徐敬德) accepted it positively, and it thereby became an influential trend in Korean thought. In the world view of Daesoon thought, there exists the view that numbers as a principle of the universe, and of course this world view is connected to mathematical cosmology. In Daesoon thought, the concept of Dosu is based on the concept of traditional Dosu and adds an additional meaning which connects it to the Reordering of the Universe (Cheonjigongsa). Also, Dosu is used to mean the process of changing the principles and laws of cosmos through Jeungsan's Reordering of the Universe. It is especially the case that discourse about Dosu is widely used when describing the Reordering of the Universe. Jeungsan corrected, reorganized, and adjusted Dosu, as well as establishing new Dosu. Jeongsan, who succeeded Jeungsan, followed the Reordering of the Universe by Jeungsan, and also realized Dosu. In other words, Jeongsan acted and practiced according to the Dosu that had been enacted by Jeungsan. Also, Dosu means the process of the transformation of principle according to the Reordering of the Universe, and Wudang used the concept of Dosu to describe the historical process of Daesoon Jinrihoe. This means that the foundation of Mugeukdo, the change to Taegukdo, the establishment of Daesoon Jinrihoe, and the contruction of Yeoju headquarters are episodes in a divine history carried out through Dosu. Through this discourse, Daesoon Jinrihoe asserts a legitimacy that distinguishes itself from other sects, and believers can be inspired by the sacred meaning that they are participating in the Dosu of heaven and earth. This empowers their devotion and sincerity.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.610-623
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• 2005

This was a theoretical study of which the goal was to provide a foundation for developing and implementing earth science inquiry activities based on abduction as a scientific inquiry method. Through a review of relevant literature, the study examined the nature of earth science in terms of the goals of earth science inquiry and the characteristics of what is investigated in earth science. It also explored the forms and meanings of abduction, thinking strategies used in the abductive inference, and the abductive inquiry model. Abduction is the process of inferring certain rules (e.g., scientific facts, principles, laws) and providing explanatory statements or hypotheses in order to explain some phenomena. This method was found to be well-suited to the earth science inquiry which studies the causes and processes of natural phenomena in the earth and space environment. Abduction has the nature of ampliative, selective, evaluative, and creative inference, and several thinking strategies, including reconstruction of data, heuristic generalization, analogy, existential, conceptual combination, and elimination strategies, are employed for inferring rules and suggesting hypotheses. This study found the abductive inquiry model to be adaptable to earth science classrooms, and it is therefore suggested that earth science instructions should be based on the abductive method and that research work concerning the abductive inquiry in the classroom should follow.