• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.14-24
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• 1999

In this study, the product complexity is evaluated quantitatively considering the disassembly process of the product. To evaluate complexity of the product, we analyze the characteristics of the product and the disassembly process. And we determine factors, which influence on the complexity of the product in the main-disassembly and sub-disassembly. Considering each characteristics of part and subassembly. Evaluations criteria of complexity are determined. Using evaluation criteria of the complexity can be determined the complexity grade of the product, and then we show the total complexity of the product considering the disassembly process.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.5 s.98
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• pp.132-144
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• 1999

In this study, the complexity of the product was evaluated quantitatively considering the product structure, assembly process and disassembly process. To evaluate the complexity of the product, subassemblies of automobile were analyzed and then characteristics of part and subassembly were determined according to product structure, assembly process and disassembly process. Evaluation criteria of complexity were determined considering each characteristics of part and subassembly. Experiential evaluation was accomplished by classified evaluation criteria and time-motion evaluation was accomplished by the relational motion factor with characteristics of part and subassembly in MTM(Methods Time Measurement) and WF(Work Factor). The total complexity of product was determined by experiential evaluation and time-motion evaluation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1702-1721
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• 2019

A workflow process (or business process) management system helps to define, execute, monitor and manage workflow models deployed on a workflow-supported enterprise, and the system is compartmentalized into a modeling subsystem and an enacting subsystem, in general. The modeling subsystem's functionality is to discover and analyze workflow models via a theoretical modeling methodology like ICN, to graphically define them via a graphical representation notation like BPMN, and to systematically deploy those graphically defined models onto the enacting subsystem by transforming into their textual models represented by a standardized workflow process definition language like XPDL. Before deploying those defined workflow models, it is very important to inspect its syntactical correctness as well as its structural properness to minimize the loss of effectiveness and the depreciation of efficiency in managing the corresponding workflow models. In this paper, we are particularly interested in verifying very large-scale and massively parallel workflow models, and so we need a sophisticated analyzer to automatically analyze those specialized and complex styles of workflow models. One of the sophisticated analyzers devised in this paper is able to analyze not only the structural complexity but also the data-sequence complexity, especially. The structural complexity is based upon combinational usages of those control-structure constructs such as subprocesses, exclusive-OR, parallel-AND and iterative-LOOP primitives with preserving matched pairing and proper nesting properties, whereas the data-sequence complexity is based upon combinational usages of those relevant data repositories such as data definition sequences and data use sequences. Through the devised and implemented analyzer in this paper, we are able eventually to achieve the systematic verifications of the syntactical correctness as well as the effective validation of the structural properness on those complicate and large-scale styles of workflow models. As an experimental study, we apply the implemented analyzer to an exemplary large-scale and massively parallel workflow process model, the Large Bank Transaction Workflow Process Model, and show the structural complexity analysis results via a series of operational screens captured from the implemented analyzer.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.77-84
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• 2018

Biomimicry architecture has been highlighted in recent years for the innovative ideas from the nature have provided main developments in many areas. The related studies in Korean architecture is entering the first step and are needed close attentions for its vitalizations. This study starts with the acknowledgement of necessity to establish the architectural application process. First of all, it is named as a 'Passive Cycle' if a problem-solving or a project has been through the analysis of process complexity and biomimicry application process in other areas. Then, the basic frame is structured as a 'Process-Cooperation,' which integrates process complexation with process circulation. The cooperative relationship starts from the beginning of the design with not only professionalists related with architecture but also ones in various areas when it is issued a difficult problem or high environmental performance not found in common architectural design processes. To make the architectural application good progress, the characteristics of bio-mimetic architectural applications are categorized as three areas; the expected effect, the application level, and application method. As a result, the organic complexity should be prioritized to have bio-mimetic application effectively while accessing the principles. Therefore, the process for the architectural application of biomimicry is suggested as 'Organic Cycle-Cooperation.'

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.10C
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• pp.887-901
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• 2002

Software management model divided into the software project model and design estimation model, software matrices model, reliability growth model, process improvement model(or process maturity model) etc. Among these software management models, software complexity model make an estimated of the product software. For a practice of software managed, need to guideline of the static analysis of software. Especially, Software complexity model introduced for the estimation of software quantity and program complexity. In case of measurement the software matrices, its need for us to analysis of software quality and products. On the other hand, we known that complexity program include many defects and consuming of source cost. So, we apply to complexity model using of the program complexity, control structure and volume matrices, interface metrics, process complexity metrics method. In this paper, we represent that the analysis of fault data detected during the system test. Also, we analysis of program control structure and interface, volume matrices in various aspect of switching software. Others, their results utilized similar of project and system development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2021

The human performance issues and increased automation issues in advanced Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are critical to numerous stakeholders in the nuclear industry, due to the undesirable implications targeting the Man Machine Interface Systems (MMIS) complexity of (Generation IV) SMRs. It is imperative that the design of future SMRs must address these problems. Nowadays, Multi Agent Systems (MAS) are used in the industrial sector to solve multiple complex problems; therefore incorporating this technology in the proposed innovative SMR (I-SMR) design will contribute greatly in the decision making process during plant operations, also reduce the number MCR operating crew and human errors. However, it is speculated that an increased level of complexity will be introduced. Prior to achieving the objectives of this research, the tools used to analyze the system for complexity reduction, are the McCabe's Cyclomatic complexity metric and the Henry-Kafura Information Flow metric. In this research, the systems engineering approach is used to guide the engineering process of complexity reduction concept of the system in its entirety.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.5-27
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• 2021

This paper seeks to suggest user satisfaction model of digital signage to see how new in-store technology can effectively lead to customers' shopping satisfaction in fashion retails. Authors in particular focus on technological complexity, which is expected to serve a subtle role in using digital signage. This study employed a scenario-based online survey. Interactive digital signage with virtual try-on and video-captures functions was used as stimuli. Data were collected from 320 respondents and 307 useable responses were analyzed to examine a proposed model. Research model compares dual paths of motivators: the extrinsic motivation route that leads from usefulness to shopping outcome satisfaction and intrinsic motivation route that leads from enjoyment to shopping process satisfaction. Technological complexity of digital signage indirectly and negatively influences shopping outcome and process satisfaction, mediated by usefulness and enjoyment, but directly and positively affects shopping process satisfaction. In omni-channel environments, the findings have implications for fashion retail managers in using digital signage to maximize customer satisfaction and to counterbalance the advantages and disadvantages of technological complexity.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.272-286
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• 2013

Mass customization is a marketing strategy to meet consumer needs for variation and uniqueness of products. Although there are quite a few studies quantitatively investigated the options provided by mass customization process, scholarly work related to mass customization has provided mixed results on consumer perception of complexity and their responses. The purpose of the study is to derive the factors that influence consumer complexity perception in online apparel mass customization process and consumers' needs to enhance mass customization services. Data were collected by conducting focus group interviews of which 29 participations in 4 groups. The results of the study suggested that consumers perceived complexity through mass customization process due to too many choice options. However, the effect of number of options on respondents' complexity perception was different depending on consumer characteristics such as consumer expertise and fashion involvement, and the characteristics of consumer preference development. Shopping context such as shopping purpose is another moderating factor. This study also suggests that a variety of marketing strategies which can enhance mass customization services affect the relationship between the number of options and consumers' complexity perception. The findings of the study provide academic and managerial implications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

During the development of a weapon system, the concept of maintainability is used for quantitatively predicting and analyzing the maintenance time. However, owing to the complexity of a weapon system, the standard maintenance time predicted during the system's development differs significantly from the measured time during the operation of the equipment after the system's development. According to the analysis presented in this paper, the maintenance time can be predicted by considering the system's complexity on the basis of the military specifications, and the procedure can be Part B of Procedure II and Method B of Procedure V. The maintenance work elements affected by the system complexity were identified by the analytic hierarchy process technique, and the system-complexity-reflecting weights of the maintenance work elements were calculated by the Delphi method, which involves expert surveys. Based on MIL-HDBK-470A and MIL-HDBK-472, it is going to present a Korean-style maintainability prediction method that reflects system complexity of weapons systems.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.635-646
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• 2011

In distributed video coding, low complexity encoder can be realized by shifting encoder-side complex processes to decoder-side. However, not only motion estimation/compensation processes but also complex LDPC decoding process are imposed to the Wyner-Ziv decoder, therefore decoder-side complexity has been one important issue to improve. LDPC decoding process consists of numerous iterative decoding processes, therefore complexity increases as the number of iteration increases. This iterative LDPC decoding process accounts for more than 60% of whole WZ decoding complexity, therefore it can be said to be a main target for complexity reduction. Previously, HDA (Hard Decision Aided) method is introduced for fast LDPC decoding process. For currently received parity bits, HDA method certainly reduces the complexity of decoding process, however, LDPC decoding process is still performed even with insufficient amount of parity request which cannot lead to successful LDPC decoding. Therefore, we can further reduce complexity by avoiding the decoding process for insufficient parity bits. In this paper, therefore, a parity request estimation method is proposed using bit plane-wise correlation and temporal correlation. Joint usage of HDA method and the proposed method achieves about 72% of complexity reduction in LDPC decoding process, while rate distortion performance is degraded only by -0.0275 dB in BDPSNR.