• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2008

양계 산업에서 살모넬라에 의한 질병들 중 가장 중요한 원인체는 S. Gallinarum, S. Purollum, S. Enteritidis로 간주된다. 생화학적 검사에 의한 직접적인 균 분리.동정과 같은 이들 질병에 대한 종래의 진단법은 많은 시간이 소요되며, 특이성 또한 낮다. 본 연구는 3종의 살모넬라균에 의해 야기되는 이들 질병에 대한 빠르고 정확한 진단을 위한 효율적인 진단법에 초점을 두었다. 먼저 종래의 생화학적 검사를 대신하여 새로 고안된 ITSF/ITSR PCR primer를 이용하여 살모넬라균임을 확인하였으며, 증폭된 phase 1 flagellin (fliC) 유전자를 BpmI 또는 BfaI 제한 효소로 처리하여 S. Gallinarum, S. Purollum, S. Enteritidis를 상호 용이하게 감별하였다. 이상의 결과는 3종의 살모넬라균을 효율적으로 진단하기 위해 신속하게 검출하고 감별할 수 있는 유용한 진단법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 정보기술응용연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.133-147
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• 2001

본 논문에서는, 문자와 그림을 포함한 컬러 영상에서 낮은 명도의 색상으로 인쇄된 문자를 효율적으로 추출하기 위하여, 컬러 영상에 대한 2치화와 잡음을 제거하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 컬러 영상에 포함된 문자를 추출하기 위한 컬러 영상의 2치화는, 입력영상의 배경후보영역과 문자후보영역의 화소수 비에 따라 이 두 영역간의 컬러 관계성을 구하고, 이 관계성과 예비임계값에 의해 계산된 임계값에 의하여 이루어진다. 예비임계값은 입력 영상에 대한 RGB 히스토그램의 분석에 의하여 구하며, 입력영상의 배경후보영역과 문자후보영역의 기준이 된다. 제안한 임계값은 잡음의 양에 따라 동적으로 계산되므로, 문자정보는 최대한 유지하고, 잡음은 효과적으로 제거할 수 있다. 또, 본 연구에서는 2치화 영상에 포함된 잡음의 효과적 제거를 위하여, 다양한 컬러 영상의 2치화 영상에 포함된 잡음패턴을 분석하여 잡음패턴 테이블을 만들었다. 2치화 영상에 포함된 잡음은 잡음패턴 테이블과 템플릿 매칭을 하여 잡음의 분포도가 계산되고, 이 분포도에 의하여 잡음의 난이도를 3단계로 분류하였다. 잡음의 제거는 분류된 난이도에 따라 별개의 처리 과정을 두어 수행하므로, 잡음제거의 효율을 높였고, 처리시간을 줄였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.374-380
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• 2006

저염 굴비의 가공 방법을 모색하고자 염장 기간을 달리하여 식염 농도가 상이한 굴비의 건조 및 저장 중 지질 과산화물인 malonaldehyde의 함량 및 지방산의 조성 변화를 분석 비교하였다. 천일염으로 염장 기간을 5시간과 5일로 달리하여 천일건조와 저장을 거치는 동안 수분의 함량은 각 가공 단계 및 저장 기간의 경과와 더불어 점차 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 염도는 5시간 염장 시료와 5일 염장 시료간에 약 10배의 차이가 있었으며, 수분과 상반되게 건조와 저장 과정을 거치면서 점차로 증가하는 경향을 보였고, pH는 저장 기간에 따른 차이가 미미하였다. Malonaldehyde는 5시간 염장 시료에 비하여 5일 염장한 시료에서, 근육부분보다는 표피 부분에서 더 높은 함량으로 정량되었으며 가공 과정을 거치면서 계속적으로 증가하는 경향이었다 지방산은 oleic acid $(C_{18:1})$, palmitic acid$(C_{16:0})$, docosahexaenoic acid$(C_{22:6})$의 함유 비율이 높았으며 가공을 거치면서 포화 지방산은 증가하고 불포화 지방산은 감소하는 경향이었다. 저장 21일에 5시간 염장 시료와 5일 염장 시료의 불포화 지방산 잔존율은 각각 1.39와 0.99로 굴비 가공 중 불포화 지방산은 첨가 식염의 농도가 높을수록, 가공보다는 저장 동안에 급격히 변화함을 알 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2003

오늘날 해운산업분야에서 해상의 인명$.$재산, 해양환경보호에 가장 큰 관심을 기울이고 있다. 국제해사기구(IMO)에서는 해상에서 선박운항으로 인하여 발생하는 충돌, 좌초, 침몰 등 해양사고에 대한 위험성을 정량적으로 평가하여, 그에 대한 제어방안을 마련하고 합리적인 안전규정을 제$.$개정하기 위한 절차적 수단으로 FSA(Frnnal Safety Assessment)를 도입하여 과학적이고 체계적인 대응방안을 마련하고자 노력하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 FSA평가시스템을 이용하여 사고발생빈도와 사고로 인한 인적, 물적, 환경오염 피해가 막대한 선박충돌사고의 발생위험성을 분석하였다. 또한 선박충돌사고 발생에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 위해요소(Hazard)인 인적요소(Human Factor)에 대해서 전문가집단의 의견을 수렴하여 FSM법을 이용하여 각 위해요소를 계층화하고, 요소 상호간의 관련성을 분석하여 선박충돌사고를 예방하기 위한 적절한 제어방안을 제시 하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7757-7761
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• 2014

Aim: To report long term outcomes of laser conization for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Thai women. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients undergoing laser conization due to abnormal cervical cytology suggesting neoplasia during 1989 to 1994 and having follow-up data until December 2010. Conization was performed under colposcopy using a 0.5-mm $CO_2$ laser beam with power density of $18,000-20,000watts/cm^2$, and the surgical base was vaporized using a low power defocused beam. The follow-up protocol included cervical cytology and colposcopy. Long term outcome measures were failure rate (persistence and recurrence), post-conization status of transformation zone, and obstetric outcomes. Results: Of 104 patients undergoing conization, 71 had therapeutic conization for high grade CIN and were followed up for a median time of 115 (range 12-260) months. There was one case of persistent and one of recurrent disease comprising a failure rate of 2.8%. The post treatment transformation zone was well visualized in 68.3% of 63 patients with an intact uterus. Sixteen patients achieved 25 pregnancies; none had second trimester miscarriage. The obstetric outcomes were unremarkable. Conclusions: Laser conization under colposcopic visualization for the treatment of high grade CIN in Thai women has a low failure rate of 2.8%. The post-conization transformation zone could not be evaluated completely in approximately 30% of cases; therefore the follow-up protocol should include both cytology and colposcopy. Obstetric outcomes are not adversely affected by this therapeutic procedure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6311-6314
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• 2013

Background: While 5-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy is standard practice, efforts have been focused in developing a single port surgery for cosmetic reasons. However, this is still in the pioneering stage considering the challenging nature of the surgical procedures. We have therefore focused on reduced port surgery, using only 2-ports. In this study, we compared 2-port laparoendoscopic radical prostatectomy (2-port RP) and conventional 5-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for clinically localized prostate carcinoma and evaluated the potential advantages of each. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to December 2010, all 23 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent LRP. Starting November, 2010, when we introduced the reduced port approach, we performed this procedure for 22 consecutive patients diagnosed with early-stage prostate cancer (cT1c, cT2N0). The patients were matched 1:1 to 2-port RP or LRP for age, preoperative serum PSA level, clinical stage, biopsy and pathological Gleason grade, surgical margin status, pad-free rates and post-operative pain. Results: There was a significant difference in operative time between the 2-port RP and LRP groups ($286.5{\pm}63.3$ and $351.8{\pm}72.4$ min: p=0.0019, without any variation in blood loss (including urine) ($945.1{\pm}479.6$ vs $1271.1{\pm}871.8ml$: p=0.13). The Foley catheter indwelling period was shorter in the 2 port RP group, but without significance ($5.6{\pm}1.8$ vs $8.0{\pm}5.6$ days: p=0.057) and the total perioperative complication rates for 2 port RP and LRP were comparable at 4.5% and 8.7% (p=0.58). There was an improvement in pad-free rates up to 6 months follow-up (p=0.090), and significantly improvement at 1 year (p=0.040). PSA recurrence was 1 (4.5%) in 2-port RP and 2 (8.7%) in LRP. Continuous epidural anesthesia was used in most of LRP patients (95.7%) and in early 2-port RP patients (40.9%). In these patients, average total amount of Diclofenac sodium was 27.8mg/patient in 2-port RP and 50.0mg/patient in LRP. Conclusions: Thus the reduced port approach is as efficacious as LRP in terms of many outcome measures, with significant cosmetic advantages and reduction in post surgical pain. This method can be readily performed safely and therefore can be recommended as a standard laparoscopic surgery for prostate cancer in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6693-6696
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• 2013

Background: Cold knife conization is a surgical procedure that allows both diagnosis and treatment of cervical lesions at the same time. It is mainly performed for indications of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of cases without CIN in cold knife conization specimen, following a high-grade lesion (CIN2/3) in cervical biopsy. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral hospital between January $1^{st}$ 2008 and August $1^{st}$ 2012. Cases that underwent cold knife conization for CIN2/3 within the study period were included. Cone-negative (Group 1) and cone-positive (Group 2) cases were analyzed for various clinical parameters, and were compared in the 1-year post-conization period for histological recurrence and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status. Results: A total of 173 women underwent cold knife conization for CIN2/3 within the study period. Twenty-two cases (12.7%) were included in Group 1 and 151 cases (87.3%) in Group 2. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gravidity, parity, menopausal status and HPV-DNA status (pre-conization and 1 year post-conization) (p>0.05). Recurrence rates were also similar between the groups (9.1% vs 9.9%, p>0.05). Conclusions: Clinical outcomes were similar in terms of histological recurrence and HPV persistence after 1 year of follow-up between cone-negative and cone-positive cases. Clinical follow-up of cone-negative cases should therefore be performed similar to cone-positive cases.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

ATM-PON(Passive Optical Network)에서 OLT(Optical Line Termination)가 ONU(Optical Network Unit)에게 동적으로 대역폭을 할당하기 위하여 MAC(Medium Access Control) 프로토콜이 필요하다. 이를 통하여 OLT는 ONU의 정보를 수집하고 각 ONU에게 효율적으로 승인을 제공한다. MAC 프로토콜의 두 가지 중요한 기능은 승인 요청 절차와 승인 분배 알고리즘이다. 후자는 TC(Transmission Convergence) 기능모듈에서 연산 량이 가장 많은 부분이며, 칩 면적에서 비교적 큰 부분을 차지하고, 전체 동작 속도를 제한하는 요소가 되기도 하며, 각 트래픽에 대한 서비스 품질을 보장할 수 있도록 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 MAC을 FPGA를 이용하여 구현하며, 이것은 활동중인 ONU의 수와 큐 길이 정보에 따라 동적으로 대역폭을 할당하며, 각 ONU의 셀 지연변이를 최소화하기 위하여 승인을 등 간격으로 배분한다. 동적인 대역할당을 위하여 MAC 스케쥴러의 구조는 프로그램 가능한 look-up 테이블을 가지고 있다. 또한 이 구조는 단순하면서도 적은 칩 면적과 적은 지연시간을 가지고 있다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

1. Objectives : This study aimed to provide practical insights on the development of traditional Korean medical tourism and maximize the satisfaction of foreign patients. The main objectives of this study were also to evaluate Sasang Constitutional Medicine(S.C.M.) diagnosis cost from foreigners' perspectives. 2. Methods : For this study, the data were collected from tourists to Korea between January 3, 2010 to February 20, 2010. The sample used in this study was mainly composed of Japanese, Chines and US/Canada, because they are the major national visitor origin group to Korea. The primary data were collected by questionnaire survey using a standardized instrument with a convenience sampling procedure, and efforts of the interviews involved an on-site, self-administrated questionnaire to those sitting or visiting tourist attractions. The total size of the sample was 276 of which 275 showed no missing value against the factors needed for final analysis and were for analysis as an effective sample. SPSS 13.0 for window was used to analyze the collected data on which descriptive statistics and the Limited Dependent(LIMDEP) 8.0 program was used in estimating the willingness-to-pay(WTP) for traditional Korean medical tourism through the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM). A dichotomous choice question form of a CVM was applied to estimating the value. 3. Results and Conclusion: 1. There was significant statistical relationship between attributes when considering medical tourism destination and socio-demographic profiles such as age group, nationality, educational level and occupation. 2. In the level of recognition on Korean medicine, north Americans showed low level of recognition compared to other nationalities. In addition, in terms of age group, 20's and 30's showed low level of recognition on Korean medicine, 3. In relation to the level of interest on Korean medicine, Japanese respondents had higher interesting level on Korean medicine. Also singles had higher level of interest. 4. Regarding preferred Korean medical treatment program, there found significant statistical relationship between Korean medical treatment program and socio-demographic characteristics. 5. The estimating result of the logit model showed that the variables affecting the WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis were offered price and potential ability of medical tourism destination. 6. In relation to WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis, Japanese respondents showed a WTP of USD 62.69 and Chinese respondents showed USD 57.09. On the other hands, respondents from north America and other countries showed a WTP of USD 65.50. In conclusion, from this study, the results found that the opportunities in tradition Korean medical tourism are immense and the possible rewards are numerous. It is time to continue to promote 'Sasang Constitutional medicine' and make the Korean medical tourism programs considering on nationalities, age group, gender and WTP.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1995

Bone mass accretion during puberty appears to be critical in the development of peak bone mass. Although bone density of females in Korea has been studied, only a few studies have related bone mass with anthropometric patterns or puberty in the pubescent girls. This study was conducted as part of a study of major determinants of bone development during puberty. Subjects were aged 14∼16 yr(mean 14.97), and had no history of disorders or dedication use likely to influence bone or calcium metabolism. Bone mineral density and content were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Lunar DPX+Scanner (Lunar Madison, WI). Also, total body fat, and total lean body mass were assessed using a Lunar DPX dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer, Pubertal status was assessed according to the Marshall and Tanner guidelines. Serum levels of osteocalcin was measured by RIA using a commercial kit assay. Skinfold measurements were taken with a skinfold caliper(Lange Caliper, USA). Data were analyzed using the regression and GLM procedure of the statistical package SAS. The results indicated that the observed means for lumbar spine BMD and femoral BMD correspond to approximately 91% and 96% of the means for young adult females, respec tively. All subjects were menarchal, with the majority being in the middle to end stages of pubertal development. Total body BMD was positively related to fat mass(P<0.001), lean body mass and time since menarche, and negatively related to urine pyridinoline, serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The data indicate that girls who reported lower age for menarche had significantly higher bone densities than girls who reported higher age for menarche. Attaining peak skeletal bone mass during puberty may reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in later life. this finding suggests that early menarche may augment peak bone mass, influencing the extent of bone loss later in adulthood. The results suggest that good nutrition in childhood appears to be needed not for growth and development, but possibly also to assure an optimal peak of bone mass and thus greater latitude for the maintenance or skeletal integrity in the face of bone losses. Troeps skinfold thickness was a better predictor of total BMD and total BMC than was any other skinfold thickness. The study did not find a relationship between total BMD and body fat %, but total fat was significantly positively related to total BMD(r=0.49) and total BMC(r=0.60). It supports earlier report that there was a significant correlation between TBMD and body weight. Conclusively, total fat, lean body mass and pubertal development could influence BMD in pubescent girls. Clearly, longitudinal studies are required to assess the effect of puberty on peak bone mass, and to define further the potential determinants of peak bone mass.