• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.381-385
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• 2015

This research aims to investigate critical factors of the government's role in achieving success in Public Private Partnership (PPP) toll road projects in Indonesia according to government and private sectors' perceptions. A preliminary interview Subsequently a questionnaire survey was also conducted involving 143 respondents across the two sectors from eight operating toll were five critical factors of the government's roles in achieving success in PPP toll road projects, namely; "Active involvement in overall project stage activities", "Establishment of good bureaucracy", "Provision of conducive environment", "Appropriate project planning and competitive tendering" and "Provision of appropriate government support and supervision". This research finding is expected to assist the government in defining clear roles and underlying responsibilities in development of PPP toll roads in Indonesia.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

In order to find methods to encourage active private participation for efficient road maintenance, this study examined the status of the road improvement project and the development of the private capital utilization improvement project. Based on this, the study conducted a case study and a financial feasibility study that applied the new business method and selected the applicable business method. As a result, it is analyzed that the method of using Crowd Funding is more advantageous than the private scheme of the private capital utilization improvement project. This is because it will be highly effective in raising funds from users of highway users, especially users of improvement projects. In addition, it can also mean that the road users who suffer from inconvenience due to the construction can return the toll profit of road construction to the user.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.674-694
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• 2007

Recently private procurement projects for urban infrastructure have been emphasized and introduced by government(both central and local) as an important method to supplement public budget shortage and to improve creativity and efficiency in its construction and operation, and hence to promote regional development. But these private procurement projects seem to be implemented under the neoliberal condition of urban policy for private capital to extend its sphere of investment and to ensure its opportunity of profit. Such private procurement projects for urban infrastructure have been legislated and widely applied since 1994 in S. Korea, but in recent years they have triggered out a variety of serious problems. In results of this study on the private procurement for construction and operation of Burnan Road in Daegu, it can be pointed out, it has led serious problems such as overestimation of traffic volume in plan, over-appropriation of construction cost and appurtenant business, irYational operation and account of the operating firm, problem in refinancing and change in contents of practical agreement, and over-compensation of minimum operation revenue. Some measures that can be considered as alternatives to resolve those problems and to operate more rationally the Buman Road include those of increasing traffic revenues, of reducing supports of public financing, and withdrawal of (part or whole of) operational right from the private firm.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.519-529
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• 2024

Vehicle toll discounts on private roads are categorized into two types: non-sunset and sunset. Sunset types refer to provisions in which all or part of a law loses its effect upon a specific legislator-set deadline. Vehicles eligible for 'sunset' discounts include cargo vehicles operating late at night and eco-friendly vehicles powered by electricity or hydrogen. Korean government has subsidized all reduced toll fees for vehicles classified as non-sunset types on private roads to operators, but no subsidies have been provided for toll reductions on sunset vehicles. The rapid increase in electric hydrogen vehicles escalates the burden of reduced toll revenue on private road operators. This study analyzed traffic volume and toll reduction data from eight private road operators nationwide as of the end of 2023 to propose the necessity and method of supporting sunset-type toll reduction subsidies. In 2022, the subsidy for non-sunset types amounted to 87.5 billion won, or 18.6 % of total traffic revenue. The toll exemption and reduction ratio under the concession agreement ranged from 4.0 % to 5.65 % of total traffic volume for each operator. Although the proportion of vehicles exempted from sunset traffic increased from 0.85 % in 2017 to 2.79 % in 2022, the reduction amount ratio reached 4.2 % (KRW 25.5 billion) of total traffic revenue in 2022. The escalating number of registered eco-friendly vehicles is gradually causing operating profit losses on private roads. In alignment with the government's policy to expand eco-friendly vehicles, it is imperative to consider including vehicles eligible for toll reductions listed under the sunset category for subsidy payments. The study established a minimum ratio for toll reduction assistance at 4.0 %, agreed upon between the road authorities and private operators. Three policy alternatives were proposed to ensure preservation of amounts exceeding this threshold for sustaining adequate toll revenue for private road operators.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 1997

This paper is concerned with an estimation of optimal investment of road sector in 1996-2005. The main method is a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model for Korea in which the optimal solution is derived in a recursively dynamic path. The model is composed of three main modules: the supply, the demand and the price. In this paper, the investment demand for the road is optimized with subject to national economic growth and price inflation. If the annual inflation level and the economic growth rate during 1996-2005 are set to 4.5%-5.0% and 6.0%-6.5% respectively, the optimal demand for the road investment is estimated as 155.1-180.1 trillion Won or 3.33%-3.89% of the GDP for ten years. It implies that the additional increase of the road investment by 0.61%-1.15% of the GDP is required for sustainable economic development, since the share of the road investment in the GDP of the latest 5 years has stayed around 2.27%. However, it is necessary to reduce construction investments on housing as well as to promote private financing of the road in order to maximize an efficiency of resource allocation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.158-159
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• 2001

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest the Influence of road capital to industry and productivity growth in South Korea. METHODS : Based on the literature review, The relevant policy questions addressed in this report are : cost reduction and Scale elasticities of road, effect of road capital stock on demand for labor, capital and materials, marginal effect of road, industry TFP growth decomposition. RESULTS : The marginal benefits of the road capital at the industry level were calculated using the estimated cost elasticities. Demand for the road capital services varies across industries as do the marginal effects. The marginal benefits are positive for the principal industries. This suggests that for these industries the existing stock of road capital may be under supplied. The contribution of road capital to TFP growth is positive in principal industries. The main contribution of road capital is in the manufacturing industries ; the magnitudes of contribution varies among industries. These results indicate that growth in exogenous demand is most important contributor to TFP growth. CONCLUSIONS : The road capital have a significant effect on employment, private capital and demand for materials inputs in all industries. At a given level of output, an increase in road capital lead to variety to demand for all inputs in all industries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-27
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• 1996

It is very costly to construct transportation facilities such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and public parking lots mainly because land price is very high in metropolis like Seoul. Private car oweners use these facilities more extensively than public transportation users. However, the government does not impose proper charges for using these facilities. Such improper charge causes traffic congestion and then decreases social welfare in efficiency and equity. To solve problem, many traffic demand management policies are used. Traffic management policies which are currently used or under consideration by the City Government of Seoul include the imposition of road tolls, increase of parking fees in public parking lots, increase of gasoline taxes, expanded implementation of bus only lanes, and shippujae, which requires one(1) non-driving day for 10 calendar days. This study examined the impacts of such policies on the different income classes using simulation analysis. We found that the impacts of market-oriented policies such as the imposition of road tolls and the increase of gasoline taxes is regressive. Also, we found that while the low and middle income private car users have incentive have incentive for public transportation use, the high income private car users have no incentive for public transportation use in many cases.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.262-265
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• 2008

We design level 1 traffic thematic map for common data structure. Level 1 means the road that can passing cars. If public office and private company use this form, they can save amount of money from overlapping update. And widely use of traffic analysis, navigation and traffic information system. For design common data structure we compared several data structure(traffic thematic map, ITS standard node/link, Car navigation map), and generalization these characteristic data. After generalization we considered about application parts. It can use of public part(traffic analysis, road management, accident management) and private part(car navigation, map product, marketing by variable analysis) etc.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to classify the building layout and plan types according to the urban location, use and function of civil and to analyze the characteristics by the type classified. After constructing a framework (Mathia type, Nagaya type, Detached House type) for analyzing Modern Private Housing Architecture in Gunsan, the research was conducted on 30 representative buildings, and a plot plan, a floor plan and elevation were created. After analyzing the relationship between the lot of land and the urban street, we classified the type of arrangement into Mathia type and Nagaya type which directly enter the building from the road, and derived the Detached House type which indirectly enters from the road. When we look at the use of the derived arrangement types, most of the Mathia type are commercial and residential buildings, and some of them are specially designed for commercial buildings. The Nagaya type appears in the form of commercial and residential house or residential private house, and the Detached House type is classified as residential style. As a relation with the urban street, the Mathia type and the Nagaya type are generally located on the main urban street, whereas the Detached House type is located on the small urban street. As a result of analyzing, the floor plan was changed according to the plot plan. The plan of the Mathia and Nagaya type are arranged to enter directly from the street, with commercial space being mainly located on the street, and the residential space being composed on the back or the second floor. the plan of the Detached House is a type that enters indirectly into the interior through a separate space (Courtyard), and forms an organic space between the residential interior and the front and rear yard. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Characteristics of a plot plan and a floor plan of Modern Private Housing Architecture in Gunsan by means of analysis considering the urban street, Uses of buildings, Construction method and the yard through actual measurement.