• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.12spc
• /
• pp.544-548
• /
• 2021

Scientific and technical development, as well as the emergence of new types of contracts, which do not have their expression in current legislation, force us to explore the issues of contract law to adapt to change. In this context, the principle of freedom of contract is fundamental, which states that each person has the right to enter into a contractual relationship at his discretion. However, such freedom is not absolute, because the freedom of one person should not violate the freedom of another. Together with the conflict of private and public interests, these phenomena are a field for the study of topical issues of theory and application of the principle of freedom of contract in practice. Research methods are philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods, in particular, system-structural, formal-legal, hermeneutic; methods of analysis, synthesis, etc. As a result of the research, the main characteristics of the principle of freedom of contract, its role for private law regulation of contract law are given; approaches to understanding the restriction of contract freedom are analyzed; typical examples and means of such restrictions are identified; demonstrated how contract freedom is embodied in the use of IT tools, which types of contracts are most common in the digital environment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.673-676
• /
• 2016

Background: In the maxillofacial region, giant cell granulomas occur in 2 clinical forms, central and peripheral. Despite histopathological similarity between these 2 forms totally different clinical behaviors have been reported. The present study was undertaken to compare mast cell and vascular concentrations in these pathologic lesions. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 20 pathological samples of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and 20 samples of peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) were selected and examined through toluidine blue staining for mast cell assessment and immunohistochemical staining by VEGEF antibody for comparing the number of mast cells. T-test, chi-squared test and backward multivariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis using SPSS 20. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: This study showed significantly greater VEGF expression and mast cell concentrations in CGCG compared to PGCG cases. Also there was a significant correlation between VEGF expression and the concentration of mast cells. No relation was found between age, sex and site of the lesion and concentration of mast cells or VEGF expression. Conclusions: It is feasible that higher concentrations of mast cells in CGCG versus PGCG samples might lead to more aggressive clinical behavior via vascular proliferation and angiogenesis. However, other biologic mechanisms should be considered in this situation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2012

This study aims to investigate what degree do the hospital buildings carry out their role in regional scenery. To carry out this study the existing theoretical and field survey was conducted to the 44 private hospitals in small and medium-sized cities - Jeonju city, Kunsan city and Iksan city in Jeonlabukdo district. The contents of the survey are the general aspect of the polled, the image of the buildings, that of medical treatment parts, the relations to the regional scenery. And they are questionnaire surveyed to the 44 private hospital buildings. In questionnaire survey, the 35 professional architects who major architecture and related design and 118 citizens who doesn't major architecture are participated. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Those surveyed who answered those private hospital buildings which have their functional images are barely 20%. Some of 27% answered they have images of the commercial building. Especially in professional architects, 5% of them answered thet have their hospital images. It showed that they don't have their identity in the architectural expression in the processof architectural design. 2. The architectural facade elements that express their images in surveyed buildings are answered that architectural building form is 62%, architectural color is 27% and architectural material is 10% in turn. And the architectural elements that express their images in surveyed buildings are answered that building wall is 56%, architectural decoration is 32%. In this article, the reason why the ratio of the architectural decoration is high is that they don' have their identity in building itself. And they expressed their identity by their decoration, sign system not their buildings. 3. As the preference level for their images, some of the 49% of the total surveyed answered common. The general surveyed answered a little preference. But the architect professional group answered preference is 14%, not preference is 29%. The reason of this article is that the general surveyed are familiar with their buildings. So the questionnaire of the harmony with the surrounding scenery, 25% of the general surveyed answered that they are in harmony with surrounding but 22% of them answered that they are not in them. But In professional group, they answered 6% oh them are positive 37% of them are negative. This results suggests that the identity of the private hospital buildings are established in the process of archiectural design.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.1076-1084
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive behavioral anger management intervention in order to increase self-consciousness and decrease anger among Korean military men, Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. Ninety two soldiers were screened for unhealthy anger expression using a questionnaire. Among them, 26 soldiers who showed unhealthy anger expression were selected for this study. They were matched by rank and assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the intervention three consecutive times, once a week and for 120 minutes per session. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention for anger (the State-Trait Anger Scale) and self-consciousness (Self-consciousness Scale). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcox on signed rank test. Results: There was no statistically significant decrease in anger or increase in self-consciousness between the two groups following treatment. However, there was a significant increase in private self-consciousness in the treatment group after the intervention(p=.006). Conclusion: The cognitive behavioral anger management program improves private self-consciousness in soldiers. However, Additional research is needed to explore whether long-term intervention is more effective for anger control in the military setting. The findings from this study suggest that more attention should be given to mental health care for Korean soldiers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.3321-3324
• /
• 2016

Background: Androgen receptors (ARs) are expressed in more than 70% of breast cancers (BCs) and have been implicated in BC pathogenesis. Some triple negative (TN)BC tumors express AR and may benefit from AR-targeted therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival and the prevalence of AR expression and its correlation with other risk factors in triple negative BCs in women from Western Iran. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study between 2009-2015, 41 patients with TNBC were referred to the Private Clinic of Oncology, Kermanshah city, Iran. ER, PR and AR-positive expression was defined as ${\geq}10%$ nuclear staining and also HER2 (2+), FISH was performed. Nuclear staining was considered representative for Ki67 and P53. The mean follow-up for the patients was 25 months. In this time, 5 patients died and 4 lost to follow-up were censored from survival analysis. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 46.9 years (range, 24-71 years) and all patients were female. The OS rates for AR-positive and AR-negative patients were 90% and 85.1%, respectively, and the mean OS was 26.3 and 23.2 months. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the two groups (Hazard ratio: 0.580, 95% CI: 0.086-3.893, P=0.575). Conclusions: In TNBC patients, evaluation of AR status may provide additional information on prognosis and treatment. The results of studies showed that the prevalence AR expression may differ in the world and probably ethnicity can be an influencing factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.100-111
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate fashion advertisements portraying ambiguous sex phenomena, including homosexuality codes and to analyze the meaning of these advertisements in order to develop effective fashion advertisements strategies. The method of this study was to observe the readings about ambiguous sex theory, including homosexuality, and analyze fashion advertisements that express this through the Internet and fashion journals. The ambiguous sex expression seen in fashion advertisements meet various consumers' needs which is what the latest advertisement market requires, and offer competitive brand image by fresh appeal. In the background, there are various complex factors like the change of contemporary spirit, and designers' tastes and values about homosexuality. The kinds of ambiguous sex expression techniques portrayed in fashion advertisements can be divided as the ambiguity of physical codes and the ambiguity of sex role identity. These advertisements do play a role as a public campaign for a change in society from the sociocultural point of view. And, from the economical viewpoint, they approach the consumer as a fresh marketing strategy. From the esthetic viewpoint, they express new esthetic sense named “edge” And seen from the designers' viewpoints, they express designers' private sexual identities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2008

In the Western and Oriental architecture, corridor and stairs have not been important from the whole architectural composition. The purpose of this study is to analyze their elements from theoretical viewpoint of modern architecture. The subject of analysis are Yangjindang and Daesanru of the Mid-Chosun Dynasty in Sangju. The conclusions are the followings : First, the moving line in the Western and Oriental architecture has the linear axis, and in general moving axis is straighten in Hanok architecture. But unlike common traditional architecture, the two buildings are right-angled in the moving axies. Second, Toenmaru in Yangjindang is the element of visual experience in the whole architectural space as promenade architecture called by Le Corbusier. On the other hand, Toenmaru in Daesanru plays a role the space of thinking in extending a visual field to the nature than its pure function. Third, the stairs of Yangjindang is diagonal shape with a role of entrance, but that of Daesanru was concealed in the wall as interior step. Yangjindang has two different stairs. One is broad and shallow stairs with ceremonial or public expression, and the other is narrow and steep stairs with unstable or private expression. This paper intends to show the latent architectural possibility of our traditional architecture.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.40
• /
• pp.45-79
• /
• 2007

This study explored three questions: (1) what are the motives of producing and using user-created contents (UCC, video clips which are produced and uploaded at various web sites by individuals), (2) what are the gratifications that users obtain from UCC, and (3) what are the differences of gratifications according to individual uses of UCC. A survey was conducted to 258 UCC users and data were factor-analyzed to find the dimensions of motives and gratifications. As for the motives of UCC uses, six factors were constructed: self-expression, private life, participation, information retrieval, rest, and entertainment, among which self-expression showed the largest variation. As for the gratifications, five factors were constructed: self-expression, rest, information retrieval, socializing, and entertainment.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the view of housing of Korean and Japanese female university students. The view of housing was investigated in four stages-housing consciousness, resident opinion, ideal housing and housing needs-in this study. The data was collected through the self-entry questionnaire designed for this study and the sample of 400 in total, 200 cases form Korea and 200 cases form Japan. The results are as follows : The major findings of the housing consciousness were that Japanese female university students preferred the detached in the future. The resident opinion of Korean and Japanese female university students showed that the group space was more important than the private space. In the ideal image, they wanted psychological and physical comfort from their houses. In the housing needs, Korean have considered the distance of friend and family and been satisfied with interior design, whereas Japanese have considered the expression of social level and been satisfied with outdoor design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.14 no.2 s.49
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2005

In modern days when architectural materials have grave impacts on overall design expression, materials for architecture, modern architecture into the service facility for business, education, religion, cultural assembly and residence, and evaluates each finishing material mainly used in exterior, lobbies and entrances of the building since the 1970's. When being applied social images into firstly selected materials, the scopes for material selection will be more narrowed down in more practical way. High tensity materials are suitable for public and active space and low tensity are for private and static area. This principle enables us to use architectural materials as one of the important elements which express the whole characteristics of the area.