• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

Purpose : This study aims to investigate into the change in muscle power, pain and muscle tension upon application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound (US) at trigger point (TrP) of the Scapular inter angle. Methods : In total of 24 human subjects that experience pain upon stimulation at the scapular inter angle were recruited. They were divided into three groups: control, ESWT and US group. Each group was subjected to appropriate stimulation three times per week for four weeks except the control group which had no restrictions in lifestyle. The ESWT group was subjected to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy with a 2 $cm^2$ head, 20 times at speed of application of 60 pulses/min and depth of intrusion of 25 mm Whereas the US group was subject to Ultra sound therapy with 1$cm^2$ head, 1 MHz in frequency, 1.5 W/$cm^2$ of strength with five minutes of continuous application. Measurements were performed immediately prior to and at the end of the experiment. Results : There was no statistical significance in the change in muscle tension and muscle power as well as the difference between both groups before and after the experiment. VAS and VRS, all of which indicates changes in pain level, had statistically significant differences between them in pretest posttest comparisons. However, ESWT was superior to US in terms of decreasing muscle tension and pain while increasing muscle power. Conclusion : This study has made it evident that ESWT is far more reasonable to apply to TrP.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.427-436
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine guardian's attitudes toward behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry. In this study, 117 guardians participated and the several behavior guidance techniques being used during actual pediatric dental treatment were explained to the guardians prior to writing a questionnaire. The behavior guidance techniques explained were: tell-show-do, voice control, protective stabilization by device, protective stabilization by staff, nitrous oxide sedation, sedation, and general anesthesia. For analysis, 106 completed survey forms were selected. Tell-show-do was rated as the most acceptable technique, followed (in order of decreasing acceptance) by: voice control; protective stabilization by staff; nitrous oxide sedation; protective stabilization by device; sedation; general anesthesia. Acceptance of each behavior guidance technique was not related to guardian age, gender, patient age, patient gender, patient dental experience, type of visit, and position of doctor. Within the limit of this study, the communicative guidance techniques (tell-show-do, voice control) were more acceptable than advanced behavior guidance techniques (protective stabilization, sedation, general anesthesia). The acceptability of general anesthesia was the lowest. The results of this survey may contribute to maintain optimal dentist - guardians communication in pediatric dentistry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2016

As the interest in entrepreneurship increases, entrepreneurship education programs for people that are preparing to start a business increased rapidly. Entrepreneurial supporting policy from the government has been diversified and because of increasing support of entrepreneurship education, the demand for entrepreneurship education has been rising. As of today, most educators of entrepreneurship education program are management major, expert or people who has the experience of starting a business. Lately, target of education has been diversified and as the demand of entrepreneurship education increases, the importance of systematic training for entrepreneurship educators have been raised. In the present study, we are going to take a look at the current situation of the training course for entrepreneurship educators in Korea and then do a comparative analysis of the cases overseas. And then we derived the improvement plan for the current situation of Korea. When our training courses for the entrepreneurship educators are compared to the courses overseas, we do not have a systematic and ongoing courses. Training for entrepreneurship educators is not something that can be done in a short period of time. The training of educators has to be done prior to the development of education programs. In accordance to the existing school system, we should strive to achieve educational infrastructure that cultivates specialized educators.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.55
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• pp.83-102
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the drinking behaviors of adult mentally retarded persons(N=140) over the age of 18. It was also investigated whether gender, age, and pattern of employment create different result of drinking behaviors, whether there is correlation between variables associated with drinking behaviors for mentally retarded persons. 58.2 percent of respondent reported that they had consumed alcohol beverages sometimes prior to their having been interviewed. Average age of respondents who had consumed alcohol was 26.357 years and average age of first-use of alcohol was 22 years. 39.2 percent of respondent reported that they drink alcohol once a month. Beer(54.2 percent) was the most frequently consumed alcohol beverages. Average alcohol consumption per occasion was 1.494 cup, and 10.9 percent of respondent answered more than 5 cups per occasion. Regarding problems associated with drinking, 16 percent of respondent of AUDIT and 51.4 percent of Family CAGE answered that their children have drinking-related problems. Men(64.2 percent) drink more than women(43.6 percent) and experience more alcohol problem. Regarding drinking behaviors associated with the pattern of employment, supervised employment group(78.6 percent) was known as the most prevalent group of experiencing drinking. For the amount of drinking, gender(p<.05) and pattern of employment(p<.05) had shown the significant differences. There were significant positive correlation between the frequency of drinking and the amount of drinking, and AUDIT and Family CAGE.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.497-507
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to assess the situation of foodservice facilities, utilities, and physical environment in the Chonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 252 nutrition teachers and school dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS v. 11.5 program. The results were summarized as follows: Approximately 99.2% of the subjects were women 76.6% were married, over 87% were between the ages of 30 and 40(p<0.01) and 56.8% had more than 11 years of experience(p<0.001). Among the 252 school foodservice systems evaluated, 51.6% of the schools were located in urban areas and 48.0% were in rural areas(p<0.01). Approximately 68.0% of the schools prepared meals in the conventional way, and 32.3% prepared them in the commissary way(p<0.001). The number of employees at each institution was separated into the following categories: 1 to 3(37.7%), 4 to 6(27.8%), and 7 to 9(25.4%, p<0.01). Approximately 54.0% of schools had been running a school meal service for longer than 11 years(p<0.001). However, 67.5% of those facilities had not been remodeled since the initial implementation of foodservices. Approximately 94.0% of the school foodservice facilities were located on the first floor. 72.2% among them were constructed of reinforced concrete and 16.7% were prefabricated(p<0.001). As the result of our evaluation of related physical evidence and the atmosphere of the space, the average importance grade was $4.41{\pm}0.46$, and the average performance grade was $2.78{\pm}0.67$. Most nutrition teachers and school dietitians in elementary, middle, & high schools responded that the related physical evidence and the atmosphere of the space in school foodservice facilities were important, but the satisfaction level among the nutrition teachers and school dietitians was quite low. Therefore, it's important and necessary to analyze the opinions of the stakeholders in the foodservice industry prior to the remodeling of school foodservice facilities and utilities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.23-35
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• 2014

In developing countries where many of these institutions exist in relatively weak form, the investment pattern of VCs in developing countries may differ from one of VCs in developed countries. Given this situation, the research question of this study is how venture capitals invest new technology based ventures in developing countries. To address the research question, our study employs insight from signaling theory and examines two ways. First, what are the internal value of new technology based ventures and the identity of endorsing organization signaling to venture capitals' investment in developing countries? Second, Do venture capitals play a pivotal role for the growth of new technology based ventures in developing countries? This study then tests these hypotheses using the new technology based ventures in Korea which is regarded as an example of developing countries in Northeas tern Asia. Entrepreneur's prior work experience in a related industry in the human capital variables and collaboration with business groups and certification of venture company in the endorsement variables result in obtaining venture capital's investment and superior new technology based venture's growth whereas entrepreneur's educational level has no effect on venture capital's investment and firm's growth.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical experience with arthroscopic debridement for septic arthritis of the shoulder joint and to report on our patient outcomes. Methods: The retrospective analysis included 36 shoulders (male:female, 15:21), contributed by 35 patients (mean age, 63.8 years) treated by arthroscopy for septic arthritis of the shoulder between November 2003 and February 2016. The mean follow-up period was 14.3 months (range, 12-33 months). An additional posterolateral portal and a 70° arthroscope was used to access the posteroinferior glenohumeral (GH) joint and posteroinferior subacromial (SA) space, respectively. Irrigation was performed with a large volume of fluid (25.1±8.1 L). Multiple suction drains (average, 3.3 drains) were inserted into the GH joint and SA space and removed 8.9±4.3 days after surgery. Intravenous antibiotics were administered for 3.9±1.8 weeks after surgery, followed by oral antibiotic treatment for another 3.6±1.9 weeks. Results: Among the 36 shoulders, reoperation was required in two cases (5.6%). The average range of motion achieved was 150.0° for forward flexion and T9 for internal rotation. The mean simple shoulder test score was 7.9±3.6 points. Nineteen shoulders (52.8%) had acupuncture or injection history prior to the infection. Pathogens were identified in 15 shoulders, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly identified pathogen (10/15). Both the GH joint and the SA space were involved in 21 shoulders, while 14 cases involved only the GH joint and one case involved only the SA space. Conclusions: Complete debridement using an additional posterolateral portal and 70° arthroscope, a large volume of irrigation with >20 L of saline, and multiple suction drains may reduce the reoperation rate.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.81-109
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness the Song Psychotherapy Program in decreasing test anxiety in adolescent students. For this study, twelve sessions were conducted in five stages for four 14-year-old middle school students at D Middle School on Daejeon. To measure the effects of the Song Psychotherapy Program, the researcher compared the results of Test Anxiety Inventory of Korea (TAI-K) before and after the program. The researcher also analyzed the contents of the participants' verbal responses and answers to repeated questionnaires to find out what participants experienced in Song Psychotherapy. The results of this study were as follows. First, a comparison of test anxiety scores prior to and following the program showed an average decrease from 91.75 to 60.5. Second, the subjects reported a positive musical experience in the program. The results of the research as described above show that the Song Psychotherapy Programis effective in decreasing test anxiety levels and general examination stress in adolescent students.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1135-1145
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the situation of internal facilities and sanitary management of elementary, middle, and high school foodservice in Chonbuk area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 252 nutrition teachers and school dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS 11.5 program. The results are summarized as follows: Approximately 99.2% of the subjects were women and those who were married accounted for 76.6%. Those in their 30s to 40s accounted for over 87%, those with more than 11 years experience accounted for 56.8%, and those 69.0% were regular nutrition teachers. Among the 280 school foodservice systems, 51.6% of the schools were located in urban areas and 48.0% in rural areas. About 68% of the schools prepared meals the conventional way and 32.3% prepared them the commissary way. The number of employees accounted for in the schools was 37.7% with 1 to 3 employees, 27.8% with 4 to 6 employees, and 25.4% with 7 to 9 employees. About 54% of schools have an expectance of school meal service for more than 11 years. However 67.5% of their facilities had not been remodeled since the implementation of the foodservice. As a result of the conditions of the school foodservice facilities, there were significant differences between elementary and middle & high schools; preparation room (p<0.01), toilet (p<0.01), and boiler room (p<0.01). About 62% of the nutrition teachers responded that they were dissatisfied with the situation of the facilities (e.g. size and materials of the kitchen, heating and cooling systems). The washing and disinfection methods in elementary, middle and high schools were very different, because they had no sanitizers and disinfectant guidelines. Therefore the governmental regulating agencies must review and approve of the plans prior to new construction or extensive remodeling of the school foodservice facilities. In addition, we suggest that it is necessary to provide practical sanitizers and disinfectant guidelines and other useful education.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.188-201
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to suggest that computed tomography angiography (CTA) is valuable as the only preliminary examination for mechanical thrombectomy (MT). MT after single examination of CTA including noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) improves door-to-puncture time as well as results in favorable outcomes. Methods : A total of 157 patients who underwent MT at Dong Kang Medical Center from April 2015 to March 2019 were divided into two groups based on the examination performed prior to MT : CTA group who underwent CTA with NCCT and MIP, and NCCT+magnetic resonance image (MRi) group who underwent MRI including perfusion images after NCCT. In the two groups, time to CTA imaging or NCCT+MRi imaging after symptom onset, and time to arterial puncture and reperfusion were characterized as time-related outcomes. The evaluation of vascular recanalization after MT was defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) scale. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was assessed at the time of the visit to the emergency room and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was assessed after 90 days. Results : Typically, there were 34 patients in the CTA group and 33 patients in the NCCT+MRi group. A significantly shorter delay for door-to-puncture time was observed (mean, 86±22.1 vs. 176±47.5 minutes; <0.01). Also, a significantly shorter door-to-imege time in the CTA group was observed (mean, 13±6.8 vs. 93±30.8 minutes; p<0.01). Moreover, a significantly shorter onset-to-puncture time was observed (mean, 195±128.0 vs. 314±157.6 minutes; p<0.01). Reperfusion result of mTICI ≥2b was 100% (34/34) in the CTA group and 94% (31/33) in the NCCT+MRi group, and mTICI 3 in 74% (25/34) in the CTA group and 73% (24/33) in the NCCT+MRi group. Favorable functional outcomes (mRS score ≤2 at 90 days) were 68% (23/34) in the CTA group and 60% (20/33) in the NCCT+MRi group. Conclusion : A single-phase CTA including NCCT and MIP images was performed as a single preliminary examination, which led to a reduction in the time of the procedure and resulted in good results of prognosis. Consequently, it is concluded that this method is of sufficient value as the only preliminary examination for decision making.