• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2011

After the development of printing technology since the 15th century and the rise of citizen consciousness in the 18th century, the library has taken a public concept. And after the 20th century, its role as a public library for the public was stressed, and as its spatial composition became miniaturized and specialized, its function changed from stacking and reading to various kinds including culture and service and is getting more complex beside the function of a library. Thereupon, this study aims to figure out the limitations of public libraries' opening years shown in advanced researches and understand the current status of spatial composition by complexation with the subjects of five public libraries opened after the end of December, 2006 in order to examine their tendencies of complexation and the characteristics of spatial composition by the complexation of public libraries. As a result, the present public libraries have at leaser more than two spaces with complex functions. According to the result of analysis on the types, locational relations between spaces showed the mixed type the most. In the types of building allocation, the building integrated type had a higher percentage than the separated type. About the types of entrance, the one common door type was fewer than the two separate door type. In the analysis on the types of the interior line of flow, the common type was similar to the dispersed type, and it is thought to be resulted from spatial composition rather than the preplanned line of flow.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.47-59
• /
• 2021

This study aims to provide inspiration and methods for menswear design by analyzing elements for men's fashion using flower images. The results are as follows: Men's fashion types with flower images were categorized as classic tailored, casual tailored, casual wear, sports-outdoor. The order of frquency was casual tailored, casual, classic tailored, and sports outdoor. For the classic tailored type, the flower images are related with an X-line silhouette, and the arrangement methods, such as a scattered patterns, one-point patterns, and surface techniques, such as printing and embroidery were used, and similar color or monochromatic schemes appeared sequentially. For the casual tailored type, the flower images are related to an H-line silhouette, arrangement methods such as a scattered pattern, panel pattern, and surface techniques, such as print, embroidery, and jacquard were used, similar color and accent color schemes appeared sequentially. For the casual type, the flower images are related to H-line and Y-line silhouettes, and arrangement methods, such as a scattered pattern, all-round continuous pattern, and panel pattern, and surface techniques, such as print, jacquard, embroidery, and patchwork were used, similar color and contrast color schemes appeared sequentially. For the sports outdoor type, the flower image were related to A-line and H-line silhouettes, arrangement methods, such as a scattered pattern and all-round continuous pattern, and surface techniques, such as print and jacquard were used, monochromatic scheme and contrast color schemes appeared sequentially. Therefore, the flower images in men's fashion were applied to various design elements, and displayed an interesting result, different from conventional design approach.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.43
• /
• pp.247-281
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this article is to re-examine the issue of Chobo's origin, which has not been clearly determinated thus far. Also, the research investigates Chobo's name, time point of discontinuance, character of the article on disaster, and civil-printed incident of Chobo during King Sunjo. As an internal bulletin, handwritten Chobo began to come out at the end of 15th century, roughly King Sungjong period of Chosun Dynasty. Systematically developed in the period of King Jungjong, it had continuously been released until November, 1907 when fairly organized and competitive commercial daily newspapers were published and when the office of secretary named Biseogam was abolished. Because handwritten Chobo was exclusive and narrow in its communication nature and difficult to read it's fast handwritten Nancho calligraphic style, in August, 1577 (10th year of King Sunjo) a few civilian in Seoul obtained a permission from authorities (Uijungboo and Sahunboo) published a wooden type printed Chobo. Unfortunately, privately printed Chobo was forced to cease in 3 month because of King Sunjo's oppressive measure. However, considering it was published for a profit by civilian and used the world's first type printing, it is highly probable that Chobo seems to be the world’s first type printing commercial daily newspaper.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2014

Laser aided Direct Metal Tooling(DMT) process is a kind of Additive Manufacturing processes (or 3D-Printing processes), which is developed for using various commercial steel powders such as P20, P21, SUS420, H13, D2 and other non-ferrous metal powders, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys and so on. The DMT process is a versatile process which can be applied to various fields like the mold industry, the medical industry, and the defense industry. Among of them, the application of DMT process to the mold industry is one of the most attractive and practical applications since the conformal cooling channel core of injection molds can be fabricated at the slightly expensive cost by using the hybrid fabrication method of DMT technology compared to the part fabricated with the machining technology. The main objectives of this study are to provide various characteristics of the parts made by DMT process compared to the same parts machined from bulk materials and prove the performance of the injection mold equipped with the conformal cooling channel core which is fabricated by the hybrid method of DMT process.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.53.2-53.2
• /
• 2010

In this study, we focused on our specialized electrode process for Si back-contact crystalline solar cell. It is different from other well-known back-contact cell process for thermal aspect and specialized process. In general, aluminum makes ohmic contact to the Si wafer and acts as a back surface reflector. And, silver is used for low series resistance metal grid lines. Aluminum was sputtered onto back side of wafer. Next, silver is directly patterned on the wafer by screen printing. The sputtered aluminum was removed by wet etching process after rear silver electrode was formed. In this process, the silver paste must have good printability, electrical property and adhesion strength, before and after the aluminum etching process. Silver paste also needs low temperature firing characteristics to reduce the thermal budget. So it was seriously collected by the products of several company of regarding low temperature firing (below $250^{\circ}C$) and aluminum etching endurance. First of all, silver pastes for etching selectivity were selected to evaluate as low temperature firing condition, electrical properties and adhesive strength. Using the nano- and micron-sized silver paste, so called hybrid type, made low temperature firing. So we could minimize the thermal budget in metallization process. Also the adhesion property greatly depended on the composition of paste, especially added resin and inorganic additives. In this paper, we will show that the metallization process of back-contact solar cell was realized as optimized nano-paste characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.221-236
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to the development of creative fashion culture through the expansion of creative fields in the fashion design area and also the combination of fashion and art techniques, by classifying the cases of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ expressed in modern fashion, and also analyzing its aesthetic characteristics. Conducting the qualitative research through the literature study and the analysis of design cases, it targeted the women's wear collections of Paris, Milan, London, and New York, limiting its range from S/S 2010 to F/W 2015. The results are as follows: First, based on the preceding research, the types of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ expressed in modern fashion were shown as realistic expression of clothing, movement of daily objects, double images, and application of human body. Second, the aesthetic characteristics of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ based on its expression types were deconstruction, avant-garde, and amusements. The deconstruction was expressed in the expression type of Trompe $L{\oe}il$ such as freedom of materials using digital printing technique, change in the position of clothes, and movement of daily items using collage technique by collecting objets like daily items or waste. The avant-garde was expressed by switching/overlapping in and out of clothes, intentionally exposing some body parts like breast or torso, displacing body parts, and moving daily items. The amusements was shown by realistically expressing accessories or details of clothes using digital printing technique, or moving daily items such as book and fork.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.11
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2019

The application of 3D printing technology is expanding due to the production of the complex-shape parts and the one-step manufacturing process. Moreover, various technical solutions in 3D printing are emerging through continuous research and development. Representative technologies include SLS technology, in which a desired area is sintered and laminated by irradiating a powder-type material with a laser. In addition, high-performance engineering plastic parts are being manufactured in increasing numbers. In this study, tensile specimens were fabricated from polyamide 12, a widely available polymer, and the glass bead-reinforced polyamide 12. The specimen-build orientation was divided into 0°, 45°, and 90° on the fabrication platform, and the tensile test temperature was -25℃, 25℃, and 60℃. The test results showed that the tensile modulus of both materials decreases as the build orientation becomes closer to 90°. In addition, the tensile strength of glass bead-reinforced PA12 showed more dependence on the build orientation than PA12. In addition, the tensile modulus and tensile strength decreased with increasing test temperature.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2019

This paper presents an experimental investigation of friction and wear characteristic with respect to patterns occurring on the surface of 3D printed polymer products by fused deposition modeling method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the patterns and sliding directions on the tribological properties of 3D printed polymer surface. A cubic specimen was printed using polylactic acid filament as the printing material. Friction tests were conducted for different directions with respect to the patterns that were generated on the top and the side surfaces of the specimen, by using a ball-on-reciprocating type tribotester. SUJ2 bearing ball of which the diameter was 11 times greater than the width of the largest pattern was used as the counter surface to assess the frictional behavior. Friction tests were conducted on the top and the side surfaces with respect to the patterns in 3 (0°, 45°, 90°) different directions respectively. Coefficient of friction increased as cycles increased in all cases. The results of the tests showed that the lowest coefficient of friction was measured with the 45° sliding direction on the side surface. The wear rate was the lowest at 45° sliding direction on the side surface, while it was the highest at 0° sliding direction on the top surface. Coefficient of friction of about 0.45 was determined to be the converging value on the top compared to the side surface.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.253-265
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the designs of the menu books as an important tool of marketing and then present its improvement strategies. For this, the investigator comparatively examined the current status of menu book designs of the restaurants in Incheon area with 295 managers and then analyzed menu book designs by its designers. Menu book designers were printing houses (42.0%), specialized business (31.9%) and managers/employees (26.1%). 51.5% of menu books were impossible to substitute partially. Even there were seasonal menus or event menus, 27.5% of them were impossible to replace menu books partially; therefore, it was impossible to take a prompt action for seasonal or event menus. The easiness of understanding the terminology in menu books was average $2.74{\pm}0.45$(3-point scale). The harmony of menu book design with restaurants was average $2.46{\pm}0.51$ (3-point scale). Comparing to the menu books designed in specialized business, the menu books designed in printing houses or by managers/employees were uniform in type sizes (p < 0.001), had no menu photos (p < 0.001) and explanations (p < 0.001), and did not classify menus by groups (p < 0.001) in general. In addition, profit-making menus were not properly emphasized (p < 0.001), thus making the design of menu books a little improper. Therefore, it is necessary to educate managers in the restaurants to understand the importance of menu books and thus improve it. In addition, by maintaining close communication with designers of menu books, managers in the restaurants must ensure for their menu books to be designed appropriately, thus making their menu books play the role of an important marketing tool.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1063-1070
• /
• 2010

This study examined 12 types of towels with differing fabric material, function, quality, printing, pile length, twist, etc. from a towel company which manufactures and distributes products domestically. After 3 months of use by consumers, a consumer satisfaction survey was administered and results analyzed. Four types of towels were assigned to each group and the towels were used every day for 3 months. Participant feelings after using the towel for the first time and after using it for three months were investigated. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions on a 5-point Licket-type scale. The first 13 questions measured perceptions of absorption, touch, fine fiber loss, contamination, deformation, drying speed, and design. Other questions compared differences between the two towel types in terms of their material, function, quality, printing, pile length, and degree of twisting. Results showed that, with regards to weight, consumers preferred towels between 130~150g and a thickness of around 1.7~1.8mm. The bamboo towel was considered superior to the cotton towel in terms of sense of touch and did not happen linter after washing. The antibacterial towel was considered better than the cotton towel in terms of absorption but in terms of contamination, participants felt the antibacterial towel became dirty more easily than the cotton towel. We thought that it might be influence of the color of towel. Low-quality towels became stiffer and misshapen more easily than higher-quality towels. But the study showed that the consumers did not perceive significant differences in the towels' quality. Printed towels became thinner and their color changed more with washing. The consumers preferred the design of jacquard towels to printed towels. Towels with short piles was happened more linter than the towel with long pile after washing. Non-twisted towel were better than the highly-twisted towel in terms of sense of touch and absorption but the non-twisted towel happened more linter after washing and became dirty more easily.