• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.139-157
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• 2006

Biotechnology has reached the level of giving birth to new forms of life and with this is a growing controversy in the conflict between science and ethics. Especially, GMOs are closely linked to the food products we consume and thus, the majority of the public shows a very sensitive reaction to the safety of GMO food products. Many perspectives arose surrounding the issues of safety on the human body and the ecology. This outlines diverse structural mechanisms to be set up to ensure safety such as risk assessment, risk management etc. Despite the precautionary principle guaranteed in many ways, the problem arises whether and how this principle can be taken in the safety assessment. GMOs due to its uniqueness do not end with just the possession of the technology involved but must also be considered with the prerequisite that they could be cultured again. Therefore the reinforcement of safety assessment system is necessary. That is, the reinforcement of risk assessment including field tests, the consideration of socio-economic effects, the coordinated system of relevant authorities, the development of technology for safety assessment.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.213-222
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• 2004

Exergy is defined as the amount of work (entropy-free energy) a system can perform when it is brought into thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment. Exergy measures the distance from the inorganic soup in energy terms. Therefore, exergy can be considered as fuel for any system that converts energy and matter in a metabolic process. The aim of this study is to introduce structural dynamic modelling which is based on maximum exergy principle. Especially, almost ecological models couldn't explain algal succession until now. New model (structural dynamic model) is anticipated to predict or explain the succession theory. If the new concept using maximum exergy principle is used, algal succession can be explained in many actual cases. Therefore, It is estimated that structural dynamic model using maximum exergy principle might be a excellent tool to understand succession of nature from now on.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.279-302
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• 2010

A better selection model on management innovative enterprises is needed since the Korean government provides multi benefits to those selected enterprises. However, the selection model's propriety is suspicious because of the shortage of consideration of assessment items. In particular, the most important two assessment items, strategy and performance are suspected of multicollinearity because of high correlation scores. No consideration on multicollinearity among those items leads to erroneous selection which doubly counts the same components with different item names. The principle component analysis is applied to factor out the uncorrelated items. Using the resulted principle components, the new estimations are carried out. The comparison between estimated results from using principle components and non principle components shows that the present selection model overly considers the performance items compared to the real effect of items, which is a result of multicollinearity between performance and strategy.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.439-452
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• 2019

This study aims to compare self- and peer-assessments of science-gifted elementary students' scientific creativity. A science-gifted program on the Pascal's principle was implemented to 40 fifth-graders in the Science-Gifted Education Center for two weeks. After that, students presented their results from a scientific creativity task using the principle in class. The task was to devise a new and useful tool using the principle, and it included the students' self-assessment about their idea. During presentation, students were asked to assess the works of peers and write down the reasons that they gave the scores they gave. Shortly, student self- and peer-assessments about students' scientific creativity outcomes were compared. Based on two essential components of creativity, ideas that satisfy both originality and usefulness can be counted as scientifically creative. The main results of this study are as follows: First, the average scores of student self- and peer-assessments were 71.5 and 61.9. Second, the standard deviations of student self- and peer-assessments were 14.47 and 5.79. Third, among scientific creativity, originality, usefulness scores, only originality had a significant correlation between student self- and peer-assessment (r=.42). Fourth, the students were categorized into four groups according to the levels of their scores by student self- and peer-assessment. And the frequencies of peer-assessment group had a significant difference at p<0.05 level, according to self-assessment group (Chi Square=4.0000, df=1, p=0.0455). Fifth, through a case study by group, the results suggesting that self-assessment could be affected by the students' self-efficacy and perfectionism and such effect could also influence peer-assessment have been found. The result showed that how the student self- and peer-assessment of scientific creativity are different and what the students' thoughts on the evaluation of scientific creativity are. The findings suggested that there are several things to consider for the educators to make efforts to construct consistent assessment methods for scientific creativity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

Risk-based railway safety management has been mandatory in Korea as by relevant laws and regulations enacted since the Railway Safety Act 2004. In particular, the Railway Vehicle Safety Guidance came into effect on Jan 1, 2008 specifies the details of methodology for hazard analysis, risk assessment and safety verification and validation. Fundamentals for success of the risk-based safety management are systematic hazard identification and risk assessment by use of reasonable risk assessment criteria, but the principle of risk-based safety management has not been applied in an effective way to introduction and maintenance of railway vehicle systems because definite risk assessment criteria have not been set down for each railway system or railway network. The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk matrix development principle for risk assessment of domestic urban metro vehicles by analyses of relevant rules and railway operating environment of Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2014

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has the natural assets resulting in UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve, World Heritage Listed and World Geopark Certification, so the principle of 'Conservation First Development Later' has been set up for the vision of environmental policy to preserve these assets. This case study has been carried out to investigate the realization of the principle of 'Conservation First Development Later' for the development projects performed environmental impact assessment from 1994 to 2012 in Jeju Province, using geographic information systems(GIS). The Jeju Province has its own ordinance to consult and operate an environmental impact assessment(EIA) system. In particular, the conservation area, such as, Absolute/Relative Conservation Area and Underground Water, Ecosystem and View Conservation Zone, has been assigned and managed specially to conserve the natural environment. The 179 projects has been performed EIA for last 18 years in Jeju Province, and then the Absolute Conservation Area has been included in 22 projects and the Relative Conservation Area has been included in 34 projects. However, the 2 projects only have included the Absolute Conservation Area for 7 years after 2005. This result suggests that the application of the principle for the Absolute Conservation Area is strengthened gradually. On the other hand, the 17 projects and the 24 projects have included the Underground Water Conservation Zone assigned grade 1 and 2, respectively, and the number has been increasing after 2004. The results show that it needs to strengthen the application of the principle for this Zone. And the Ecosystem Conservation Zone assigned grade 1 and 2 have been included in 1 project and 9 projects, respectively. It is considered from this result that the principle is realized successfully for the Ecosystem Conservation Zone. In addition, it could be known that the principle is applied well for the View Conservation Zone, in this study.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 1998

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.49-53
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• 1993

Before the EIA was established in the Federal Republic of Germany, the impact mitigation principle - a planning instrument, which has its legal foundation in the German nature conservation legislation already had {and still has} the function to valuate environmental impacts. The valuation principles and methods which have been developed in correlation to this instrument are now also used in the EIA. Particularly for the valuation of alternating effects on the different ecological landscape functions and for the valuation of ecological mitigation and compensation measures this valuation methods are used. These methods base on a special kind of modelling nature and environment Following the aim of the nature conservation act, which is to save the capacity of the landscape to perform its essential functions, not the ecological factors (soil, water, air etc.) itselfs are evaluated but the ecological functions of the landscape, which are based on the ecological factors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2287-2293
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• 2009

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprint analysis, Principle Components Analysis (PCA), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were introduced for quality assessment of Curcuma longa L. (C. longa). The GC-MS fingerprint method was developed and validated by analyzing 33 batches of samples of C. longa from different geographic locations. 18 chromatographic peaks were selected as characteristic peaks and their relative peak areas (RPA) were calculated for quantitative expression. Two principal components (PCs) were extracted by PCA. C. longa collected from Guizhou and Fujian were separated from other samples by PC1, capturing 71.83% of variance. While, PC2 contributed for their further separation, capturing 11.13% of variance. HCA confirmed the result of PCA analysis. Therefore, GC-MS fingerprint study with chemometric techniques provides a very flexible and reliable method for quality assessment of C. longa.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2009

Recently, the public offices are going to be an important role of CIP(City Identity Program) and be a center of citizen's community activities. So, the aspect of the universal design (UD), the space performance assessment for a disable user is invaluable to designing the public office spaces. Purpose of this paper is to provide basic data for better design of public office space based on UD(universal design) principle. Conclusion based on the finding are as follows; First, checklist of environmental assessment for public space was composed of 7 basic principles of UD and 3 additional principles(aesthetic appreciation, maintenance and eco-design). Second, as the result of assessment, accessible and inclusive design is more necessary. Third, local characteristics should be developed and managed deliberately as to public space design. As the result of that, public office space design should an important part of reducing the isolation that was caused by physical and social disability. From now on, in public office space design, the integrated and continuous design program that is based on UD principle and eco-design will be necessary.