• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

Several presowing seed treatments have been used to facilitate the seed germination and seedling emergence. The study was performed to design a model of presowing seed treatments in Taraxacum platycarpum. Germination and seedling growth responses to temperature, drying, chilling, $GA_3$ and priming were investigated to know the optimum germination conditions and presowing treatment. The optimum temperature condition for germination and seedling growth were $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ at dark condition. The seeds exposed to infra red light, however, did not germinate. The moisture content of seeds dried at $35^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 hours was returned to the level of unimbibed seeds. The germination of seeds dried under dark condition was better than those dried under infra red light. Prechilling treatment imposed for 6 weeks showed higher germination rate than $GA_3$ treatment or priming. In field test, the highest field emergence was observed in the seeds dried after prechilled for 6 weeks and followed by drying followed by $GA_3$ > low temperature > $KNO_3$ priming. Imbibition with 0.1 mM $GA_3$ solution for 2 hours then drying at 35 for 3.5 hour under dark condition was effective to the practical presowing treatment for Taraxacum seeds.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.590-596
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• 2002

The resin : metal interface is at the basis of most bonding failures in resin-bonded prosthesis. Although debonding has been a problem with adhesive fixed partial dentures, various dentists classify them as long-term restorations. The advantages of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures include minimal tooth reduction and the possibility of rebonding. if resin-bonded protheses can be easily rebounded, it is of clinical importance to know if the lutingagents rebond as well the second time as they did originally. Several retentive systems for resin-to-metal bonding have recommended. Treatments such as electrolytic etching and silicone coating, despite the good result of bond strength, have proved to be time-consuming and technique-sensitive. Therefore a simple and more reliable method is desirable. This study evaluated the effect of metal surface treatments on the rebond strength of panavia 21 cement to a nickel-chromium(Ni-Cr) alloy. The samples were received the following surface treatments : Group No.1 (control or served as the control) treatment with sandblasting with 50um aluminum oxide and ultrasonically cleaned for 10minutes in double-deionized water, Group No.2 were no surface treatments. Group No.3 were treated with metal primer. Group No.4 were treated with sandblasting as previously described, and then metal priming. From the analysis of the results, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. Sandblasting and metal priming appears to be an effective method for treatment of metal after accidental debonding. 2. Group without surface treatment had significantly lower bond strengths compared with other groups. 3. The combination of sandblasting and metal priming may not develop superior bonding strengths compared with other techniques that used the Ni-Cr alloys. 4. Combination of cohesive and adhesive failures were the most common type observed. The results support the use of sandblasting as a viable procedure when rebonding accidentally lost adhesive partial denture. We concluded that sandblasting and metal priming of metal surface before bonding could provide the adequate bond strength during rebonding of resin-bonded fixed partial denture.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.214-214
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• 2017

Seeds of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) have demanded high quality because of their high cost of seed. The optimization of the seed priming techniques that have positive effect on fast and uniform germination becomes important at the commercial level. Several factors such as solution composition, osmotic potential, and treatment duration affect seed priming response. In this study, osmotic potentials of priming solution and germination characteristics of primed seed were investigated to clarify the effects different inorganic salt types and the duration. Tomato seeds were primed in osmotic solutions that were osmotic potential ranged -1.54 to -0.45 MPa in an aerated solution of PEG 8000 (17%, 22%, 27%), and inorganic salt solution of $KNO_3$, $Na_2SO_4$, and $K_2SO_4$ (100, 200, 300mM). The seeds were treated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 2, 4, and 6 days. After each treatment, the seeds were dried to moisture content ranged 5-8% at $25^{\circ}C$. Four replications of 25 seeds per each treatments were placed in 10-cm petri dishes containing two filter papers and 3 ml of $dH_2O$ and incubated at $20^{\circ}C/30^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ and seedlings evaluated for abnormality after 14 days of incubation. Seed water potential (${\psi}$) was correlated with water potential of priming solution ($r^2=0.86$). Seeds primed in 100mM $KNO_3$ resulted the highest germination rate (GR, $63.9 %{\cdot}day^{-1}$) and lowest mean germination time (MGT, 2.0 days) comparing to untreated control ($23.9%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ of germination rate and 4.1 days of MGT) at $20/30^{\circ}C$, even though 96% of germination percentage were not different. Seeds primed in 100mM $KNO_3$ (${\psi}=-0.45MPa$) for 4 days showed ${\psi}=-0.38MPa$. Priming in $Na_2SO_4$, $K_2SO_4$, and PEG solution for 6 days improved MGT and GR, but not significantly than 4 days of treatment. Additionally, stepwise osmotic solution treatment with 100mM and 300mM concentration for 6 day did not showed differences with single treatment. In relation to osmotic potentials, identical osmotic potential in different inorganic salt solution showed different effect on germination characteristics.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.86-86
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of modified drum priming and 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) treatment to improve the seed quality for export. 40, 50 and 60% seed moisture content (SMC) of hydrated seeds were incubated for 16 and 24 h in a container with a relative humidity of 99% at 26 rpm for a modified drum priming treatment. The treated seeds were sown at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ (12/12h, light/dark) with four replications of 25 seeds on pleated paper. The seeds were hydrated with water or 24-EBL solutions of $10^{-7}$, $10^{-8}$ and $10^{-9}M$, respectively. The germination of the modified drum primed seeds (24 h incubation after 60% SMC hydration) improved to 1.6 days mean germination time (MGT) and $46%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ germination rate (GR), while the untreated seeds showed 2.1 days MGT and $28%{\cdot}day^{-1}$ GR. The modified drum priming (60% SMC and 24 h incubation with $10^{-9}M$ 24-EBL) showed improved results in MGT (1.8 days) and GR (55%) at $20^{\circ}C$, whereas untreated seeds showed 2.3 days MGT and 44% GR. Under $30^{\circ}C$, germination of modified drum primed seeds was significantly improved in GP (80%), GR ($31%{\cdot}day^{-1}$), HS (55%) and MGT (3.3 days), however, untreated seeds showed decreased GP (27%), GR ($22%{\cdot}day^{-1}$), HS (55%) and MGT (4.8 days). This study showed that the germination of lettuce seeds is enhanced by 24 h drum incubation with 24-EBL and this method can be used effectively to achieve the benefits of early germination and uniform seedling development. In addition, these treatments circumvent thermo-dormancy of lettuce seed and have a possibility of high-quality and environment-friendly seed processing.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.322-325
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• 2003

Controlled hydration treatment of tobacco seeds enhanced seed performance greatly without additional materials associated with conventional osmotic or solid matrix priming technique. The seeds were hydrated by adding water to a level from 10 to 60% by 5% increments and incubated for 8 days at $25^{\circ}C$. After the treatment, the seeds were dried to the original seed moisture content under $20^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours. The moisture content of tobacco seeds equivalent to 35% by the hydration treatment gave the greatest improvement in germination rate and speed compared to untreated or polyethylene glycol (PEG) primed seeds, especially at low temperature of $15^{\circ}C$.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

종자 priming은 발아율을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 빠르고 균일하게 하는 유용한 종자처리기술로서 조경적 가치가 뛰어난 팥배나무 종자의 번식 효율성을 위해 다양한 발아촉진법을 개발하기 위해 실시하였다. Priming 처리를 위해 NaCl, $CaCl_2$, $KNO_3$, PEG(polyethylene glycol)을 이용하여 농도에 따라 각각 2일과 3일간 처리하였으며, 실험종료 후 발아특성 및 유묘생장특성을 분석하였다. 발아율은 $KNO_3$ 100 mM 2일 처리구에서 24%로 가장 높게 나타났으나, 평균발아일수는 $KNO_3$ 200 mM 2일 처리에서 가장 높았다. 발아속도와 발아균일지수 역시 $KNO_3$ 100 mM 2일 처리구에서 가장 높은 값을 보여 발아특성 증진에는 $KNO_3$가 적정한 처리제임을 짐작하였다. Priming 처리된 종자로부터 생장한 유묘들을 대상으로 상대생장율과 유묘활력지수를 조사한 결과 무처리구와 차이를 나타내었는데(p<0.05), 상대생장율(수고 및 근원경)의 경우 NaCl 400 mM 2일 처리구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였으며, 유묘활력지수는 발아율에서 가장 높았던 $KNO_3$ 100 mM 2일 처리구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로, priming 처리를 위한 염류(NaCl, $CaCl_2$, $KNO_3$, PEG) 중 팥배나무의 종자 발아 및 유묘의 생장에 영향을 미치는 적정 처리제는 $KNO_3$로 판단되었으며, 적정처리조건은 100 mM 2일처리였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2017

The main objective of this study was to increase the germination percentage of kenaf seeds with less number of times under non-saline and saline conditions. Therefore, the first goal was to assess the response of kenaf seeds to NaCl. The second goal was to evaluate the effects of $KNO_3$ on kenaf seed germination. The germination percentage exhibited a decreasing tendency in germination rate. Plant dry weight was approximately 0.2 g in all treatments at 5 days after germination. As time passed, the electrical conductivity (EC) value of hydro-priming (HP) consistently increased by 8.7 mS/cm at 24 hours of immersion. However, seeds primed with $KNO_3$ showed no difference in EC values even as times passed. Regarding the priming effect, priming in 100 mM $KNO_3$ concentration for 12 hours increased germination up to 85% in $H_20$ solution and in 0 mM $KNO_3$ concentration upto 73.8% under 0.3% NaCl solution, compared to that of Control. Germination synchronization, shoot length, and leaf unfolding of primed seeds were greater than those of the Control. In addition, main root and hair roots appeared more rapidly in the treated seeds and were more abundant compared to that of the Control. The T50 (times to reach 50% of the final germination percentage) of the Control in both $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions was 18 and 22 hours, respectively. However, when treated $KNO_3$ priming (0 to 100 mM) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solution, 9 hours was sufficient to reach T50. Primed (hydro-priming and $KNO_3$) seeds had a lower MDG (mean days untill germination; 0.6-0.62) compared to that of the Control (1.13-1.31) in $H_20$ and 0.3% NaCl solutions. Regarding dry weight of plants after priming, an increasing tendency after the priming treatment in the H20 solution was observed. Furthermore, no significant difference in plant dry weight under 0.3% NaCl stress was observed between the Control and primed seeds. Taken together, the results suggest that 50-100 mM $KNO_3$ priming for 24 hours optimize seed germination rate in less number of times of exposure with great vigor. Therefore, it is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2003

본 연구는 오이종자의 발아율 향상과 발아촉진을 위해 간편하고, 비용을 절감할 수 있는 hydropriming의 적정 환경조건을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 오이종자의 발아촉진에 최적 priming 처리제는 50 mL $NaNO_3$였다. 유근장 및 유근 건물중은 priming 처리제 종류에 따라 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, priming 및 hydropriming 종자는 무처리보다는 높았다. 그러나 50 mL $NaNO_3$와 hydropriming 처리간 발아력 증진 효과가 동일하여 오이종자에서는 물을 이용한 hydro-priming 처리가 처리비용을 절가할 수 있어 합리적인 종자처리였다. 오이종자의 hydropriming 적정 처리온도는 20$^{\circ}C$, 처리시간은 24시간이였다. Hydropriming시 종자 2g에 대한 용액량 10 mL 공급처리에서 발아율이 향상되었고 발아촉진에 좋아 적정 용액량이라고 판단되었다. 인위노화 종자는 발아율이 감소하였고 $T_{50}$ 및 MDG는 지연되었으며, 비정상적인 발아는 증가하였다. 활력이 저하된 조화종자를 ,hydropriming한 처리는 발아율이 향상되었고, 조기 발아하였다. 또한 비정상인 발아는 감소되었으며, 유근생장이 촉진되어 발아력이 부분적으로 회복되었다. 이러한 경향은 노화일수가 경과된 종자일수록, 부적당한 발아조건인 15$^{\circ}C$에서 현저하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2000

발아온도를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 $5^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 $35^{\circ}C$까지 달리한 후 priming 종자의 발아율, T50 및 평균발아소요일수(MDG)를 조사하였다. 당근은 -0.50MPa PEG 8000에서 priming한 종자가 무처리에 비하여 $10^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서 발아율이 높았으며 T50 및 MDG는 모든 발아온도에서 단축효과가 있었다. 그러나 PEG에 100mM $K_3PO_4$ 혼용 priming시 PEG 단용 priming에 비하여 발아력에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 상추의 무처리는 $30^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$에서 단지 2%만 발아 되었으나 50mM $K_3PO_4$에 priming한 종자는 $30^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서 각각 40%와 21%로 발아율 향상에 효과적이었다. 그리고 $K_3PO_4$ 단용 priming에 비하여 $K_3PO_4$에 200mM $KH_2PO_4$ 혼용 priming시 발아율은 낮았지만 T50 및 MDG는 더 단축되었다. 양파는 200mM $KH_2PO_4$, 파는 100mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$에서 priming시 $10^{\circ}C$와 $35^{\circ}C$에서 발아율 향상에 효과적이었다. 그리고 양파는 $KH_2PO_4$ 단용 priming보다 100mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 혼용priming, 파는 $Ca(NO_3)_2$ 단용 priming보다 100mM $KH_2PO_4$ 혼용 priming시 발아율은 향상시키지 못하였으나 T50 및 MDG 단축에는 더 효과적이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.134-137
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• 1999

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of priming and growth regulator treatment of seeds on the emergence and seedling growth of rice, Oryza sativa L. (cv. 'Ilpumbyeo'). Normal seeds were primed in a -0.6 MPa polyethylene glycol solution at 15$^{\circ}C$ for four days with air-bubbling. Then both primed and non-primed seeds were soaked in water, 100 ppm GA$_3$, 2 ppm ABA, and 10 ppm kinetin solutions for 24 hours. The seeds were planted in soil at 3 and 5 cm depths and allowed to germinate in a growth cabinet at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Generally, the emergence rate at the 3 cm seeding depth was higher and emerged faster compared with the 5 cm seeding depth. The emergence rate of primed seeds was higher and emerged faster compared to non-primed seeds. GA$_3$ and kinetin treatments were the most effective to improve the emergence rate of non-primed seeds. Coleoptile length at the 5 cm seeding depth was longer than that at the 3 cm seeding depth. Leaf number, plant height, and root length of primed seedlings were higher compared with non-primed seeds. GA$_3$ promoted the elongation of plant height and mesocotyle length.