• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_2
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• pp.1677-1689
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• 2022

Air pollution is social issue that has long-term and short-term harmful effect on the health of animals, plants, and environments. Chimneys are the primary source of air pollutants that pollute the atmosphere, so their location and type must be detected and monitored. Power plants and industrial complexes where chimneys emit air pollutants, are much less accessible and have a large site, making direct monitoring cost-inefficient and time-inefficient. As a result, research on detecting chimneys using remote sensing data has recently been conducted. In this study, YOLOv5-based chimney detection model was generated using BUAA-FFPP60 open dataset create for power plants in Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Beijing, China. To improve the detection model's performance, data split and data augmentation techniques were used, and a training strategy was developed for optimal model generation. The model's performance was confirmed using various indicators such as precision and recall, and the model's performance was finally evaluated by comparing it to existing studies using the same dataset.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2021

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an increasingly recognized form of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is now classified as a human MUC1 mucin protein, and regenerating type II pneumocytes are the primary cellular source of KL-6/MUC1 in the affected lungs of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Serum KL-6/MUC1 levels have been demonstrated to be useful for the evaluation of various ILD. To determine the role of circulating KL-6 in evaluating the disease activity and management of HP. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 patients with HP and 20 healthy controls. Serum KL-6 levels were measured in both groups. Patients were further assessed based on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function test, 6-minute walk test, echocardiography, bronchioalveolar lavage, and/or transbronchial biopsy. Patients were divided into the fibrotic and non-fibrotic groups according to the HRCT findings. Results: The median serum KL-6 levels were significantly higher in HP patients as compared to the control group. The median serum KL-6 levels were found to be higher in the non-fibrotic HP group (1,900 IU/mL) as compared to the fibrotic group (1,200 IU/mL). There was a significant inverse correlation between serum KL-6 serum level and the dose of steroids as well as the duration of steroid therapy. Conclusion: The presence of higher KL-6 levels in the non-fibrotic HP group implies its enhanced production by regenerating pneumocytes in response to alveolar injury. The significant association between serum KL-6 levels and the dose and the duration of steroid therapy emphasizes the significant role of steroids in the stabilization of the disease.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2022

Purpose: Endoscopic drainage is an established treatment modality for adult patients with pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). Available data regarding the efficacy and safety of endoscopic drainage in pediatric patients are limited. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to analyze the outcomes of endoscopic drainage in children with PFCs. Methods: A literature search was performed in Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies on the outcomes of endoscopic drainage with or without endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guidance in pediatric patients with PFCs from inception to May 2021. The study's primary objective was clinical success, defined as resolution of PFCs. The secondary outcomes included technical success, adverse events, and recurrence rates. Results: Fourteen studies (187 children, 70.3% male) were included in this review. The subtypes of fluid collection included pseudocysts (60.3%) and walled-off necrosis (39.7%). The pooled technical success rates in studies where drainage of PFCs were performed with and without EUS guidance were 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.6-98%; I²=0) and 93.9% (95% CI, 82.6-98%; I²=0), respectively. The pooled clinical success after one and two endoscopic interventions were 88.7% (95% CI, 82.7-92.9%; I²=0) and 92.3% (95% CI, 87.4-95.4%; I²=0), respectively. The pooled rate of major adverse events was 6.3% (95% CI, 3.3-11.4%; I²=0). The pooled rate of recurrent PFCs after endoscopic drainage was 10.4% (95% CI, 6.1-17.1%; I²=0). Conclusion: Endoscopic drainage is safe and effective in children with PFCs. However, future studies are required to compare endoscopic and EUS-guided drainage of PFCs in children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2022

Purpose: To design a prospective study on endovascular closure of congenital portosystemic shunts. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety of endovascular closure. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the clinical, analytical and imaging outcomes of treatment. Methods: Fifteen patients (age range: 2 days to 21 years; 10 male) were referred to our center due to congenital portosystemic shunts. The following data were collected prior to treatment: age, sex, medical history, clinical and analytical data, urine trimethylaminuria, abdominal-US, and body-CT. The following data were collected at the time of intervention: anatomical and hemodynamic characteristics of the shunts, device used, and closure success. The following data were collected at various post-intervention time points: during hospital stay (to confirm shunt closure and detect complications) and at one year after (for clinical, analytical, and imaging purposes). Results: The treatment was successful in 12 participants, migration of the device was observed in two, while acute splanchnic thrombosis was observed in one. Off-label devices were used in attempting to close the side-to-side shunts, and success was achieved using Amplatzer™ Ductus-Occluder and Amplatzer™ Muscular-Vascular-Septal-Defect-Occluder. The main changes were: increased prothrombin activity (p=0.043); decreased AST, ALT, GGT, and bilirubin (p=0.007, p=0.056, p=0.036, p=0.013); thrombocytopenia resolution (p=0.131); expansion of portal veins (p=0.005); normalization of Doppler portal flow (100%); regression of liver nodules (p=0.001); ammonia normalization (p=0.003); and disappearance of trimethylaminuria (p=0.285). Conclusion: Endovascular closure is effective. Our results support the indication of endovascular closure for side-to-side shunts and for cases of congenital absence of portal vein.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.151-166
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• 2024

Coastal debris presents a significant environmental threat globally. This research sought to improve the monitoring methods for coastal debris by employing deep learning and remote sensing technologies. To achieve this, an object detection approach utilizing the You Only Look Once (YOLO)v8 model was implemented to develop a comprehensive image dataset for 11 primary types of coastal debris in our country, proposing a protocol for the real-time detection and analysis of debris. Drone imagery was collected over Sinja Island, situated at the estuary of the Nakdong River, and analyzed using our custom YOLOv8-based analysis program to identify type-specific hotspots of coastal debris. The deployment of these mapping and analysis methodologies is anticipated to be effectively utilized in managing coastal debris.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1103-1123
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• 2021

The uterus can be largely divided into the uterine corpus and uterine cervix. Diseases that can occur in the uterine corpus, composed of the endometrium and myometrium, vary from benign to malignant tumors. Ultrasound and CT are the primary non-invasive evaluation methods to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors, but in some cases, they are difficult to differentiate due to their non-specific imaging findings. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has high resolution, helps not only in locating lesions but also in evaluating histological characteristics and staging of malignant tumors. In this review article, the characteristic MRI findings that radiologists should be aware of regarding various benign and malignant tumors detected in the uterine corpus are summarized with their points of differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2024

Teriparatide has been effective in treating people diagnosed with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). However, its efficacy is not well established to be accepted as a standard of care. The objective of this paper was to investigate the efficacy of recombinant human parathyroid hormone for the treatment of MRONJ. We report three cases of MRONJ patients with osteoporosis as the primary disease who were treated with a teriparatide agent along with other adjunctive measures. Each patient was administered a teriparatide injection subcutaneously for 16 weeks, 36 weeks, or 60 weeks. Surgical intervention including partial resection, sequestrectomy, decortication, and saucerization took place during the teriparatide administration. Complete lesion resolution was identified clinically and radiographically in all three patients. In patients diagnosed with MRONJ, teriparatide therapy is an efficacious and safe therapeutic option to improve healing of bone lesions. These findings demonstrate that teriparatide in combination with another therapy, especially bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-rich fibrin, or antibiotic therapy, can be an effective protocol for MRONJ.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.430-446
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• 2018

To improve understanding of the sources and chemical properties of particulate pollutants on the Korean Peninsula, An Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) measured non-refractory fine particle ($NR-PM_1$) from 2013 to 2015 at Baengnyeong Island and Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), Korea. The chemical composition of $NR-PM_1$ in Baengnyeong island was dominated by organics and sulfate in the range of 36~38% for 3 years, and the organics were the dominant species in the range of 44~55% of $NR-PM_1$ in Seoul metropolitan area. The sulfate was found to be more than 85% of the anthropogenic origin in the both areas of Baengnyeong and SMA. Ratio of gas to particle partition of sulfate and nitrate were observed in both areas as more than 0.6 and 0.8, respectively, representing potential for formation of additional particulate sulfate and nitrate. The high-resolution spectra of organic aerosol (OA) were separated by three factors which were Primary OA(POA), Semi-Volatility Oxygenated Organic Aerosol (SV-OOA), and Low-Volatility OOA(LV-OOA) using positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. The fraction of oxygenated OA (SOA, ${\fallingdotseq}OOA$=SV-OOA+LV-OOA) was bigger than the fraction of POA in $NR-PM_1$. The POA fraction of OA in Seoul is higher than it of Baengnyeong Island, because Seoul has a relatively large number of primary pollutants, such as gasoline or diesel vehicle, factories, energy facilities. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis revealed that transport from eastern China, an industrial area with high emissions, was associated with high particulate sulfate and organic concentrations at the Baengnyeong and SMA sites. PSCF also presents that the ship emissions on the Yellow Sea was associated with high particulate sulfate concentrations at the measurement sites.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.5 s.274
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• pp.362-368
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• 2007

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax patients with blebs or bullae are considered to be good candidates for operation, and various objective diagnostic modalities have been performed for detection of blebs and bullae. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of thoracoscopic examination with using a minimally invasive 2 mm thoracoscope with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for treating primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: From June 2001 to March 2002, 34 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax undewent study with 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination and HRCT. We regarded a blob larger than 5 mm in diameter as significant. Standard thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed in 18 patients with significant blob via a 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination. 1 patient incurred bleeding, and the remaining 15 patients were treated with pleural drainage. Result: Multiple or single blob lesions were detected by 2 mm video-thoracoscope in 52.9% (18/34) of the patients with primary pneumothorax. For a total of 19 patients who were operated on, the diagnostic accuracy of the 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination for bullae and blob was 94.7% (18/19), which was superior to that of HRCT (73.7%, 14/19). At a mean follow-up of $30{\pm}3$ months, no recurrence occurred in both the operative group and the non-operative group. Conclusion: 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination under local anesthesia has higher diagnostic accuracy than HRCT, and it is a useful alternative for determining the operative indications for spontaneous pneumothorax.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

Purpose: This study is to decide a quality control and calibration period of LCD display devices used for reading diagnostic images. Materias and Methods: The assessment test of 20 flat panel LCD color display devices used for reading diagnostic images were performed based on AAPM TG 18 protocol over the total six sessions at one month intervals from three months after primary calibration, in terms of geometric distortion, reflection test, luminance response evaluation, luminance uniformity, resolution, noise, veiling glare and chromaticity test. Results: The results of geometric distortion, reflection test, luminance uniformity, resolution, noise, veiling glare and chromaticity test were within the criteria recommended by AAPM TG 18, except for luminance response evaluation. In the measured luminance deviation of luminance response evaluation, 4(25%) of 20 display devices were passed a criterion from four months after calibration, and 11 (55%) were passed from eight months. Also in the contrast response of the luminance response evaluation, 1(5%) display device was passed a criterion from four months after calibration, and 3(15%) were passed from eight months. Conclusion: Considering the passing deviation after calibration, the time required and a manpower, the quality control and calibration period of LCD display devices used for reading diagnostic images should be a three months and six months after calibration.