• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2419-2423
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• 2012

Context: Genuine community participation does not denote taking part in an action planned by health care professionals in a medical or top-down approach. Further, community participation and health education on breast cancer prevention are not similar to other activities incorporated in primary health care services in Iran. Objective: To propose a model that provides a methodological tool to increase women's participation in the decision making process towards breast cancer prevention. To address this, an evaluation framework was developed that includes a typology of community participation approaches (models) in health, as well as five levels of participation in health programs proposed by Rifkin (1985&1991). Method: This model explains the community participation approaches in breast cancer prevention in Iran. In a 'medical approach', participation occurs in the form of women's adherence to mammography recommendations. As a 'health services approach', women get the benefits of a health project or participate in the available program activities related to breast cancer prevention. The model provides the five levels of participation in health programs along with the 'health services approach' and explains how to implement those levels for women's participation in available breast cancer prevention programs at the local level. Conclusion: It is hoped that a focus on the 'medical approach' (top-down) and the 'health services approach' (top-down) will bring sustainable changes in breast cancer prevention and will consequently produce the 'community development approach' (bottom-up). This could be achieved using a comprehensive approach to breast cancer prevention by combining the individual and community strategies in designing an intervention program for breast cancer prevention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6579-6584
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• 2013

Background: With effective early treatments, many breast cancer patients suffer from psychological distress due to adverse effects and lifelong physical disfigurement. Our study aimed to evaluate the psychopathological profile of breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy women and explored demographic correlates. Method: We consecutively enrolled breast cancer patients who came to the hospital for follow-up or rehabilitation care after primary treatment, and healthy female relatives or friends of inpatients in the Cancer Institute of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between August 30, 2010 and January 1, 2012. Psychopathological profile was assessed based on the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) for patients and controls. We compared demographics such as age, ethnicity, education, marriage, and occupation, and incorporated these data plus cancer status for the association with the general SCL-90-R index and scores for 9 major symptom dimensions in multiple regression analysis. Results: We surveyed a total of 291 female breast cancer patients and 531 healthy women. The average age was $55.1{\pm}6.40$ years for breast cancer patients and $43.1{\pm}12.8$ for healthy controls (P<0.01). The mean survival was 5.20 years for cancer patients (range, 0.60-9.90 years). There were statistically significant differences in education, marriage, and occupation between the two groups (P<0.01). General index ($1.45{\pm}0.45$ versus $1.32{\pm}0.37$) and 8 dimension scores (excluding anxiety) on SCL-90-R were significantly higher in patients (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the breast cancer status was positively correlated with general SCL-90-R index and 6 dimension scores (excluding the anxiety, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation dimensions) (P<0.05). Regression coefficients ranged from 0.10 (depression) to 0.19 (somatization). Higher interpersonal sensitivity was noticed in single women compared to married women. Conclusions: Chinese patients with breast cancer demonstrate greater psychopathology compared to healthy controls. The breast cancer status is an independent contributing factor to the general psychopathological profile. Breast cancer patients should be given particular counseling and care to alleviate their psychological distress.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-165
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• 2001

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is one of the most common childhood-onset psychlatric disorders. It is distinguished by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD may be accompanied by learning disabilities, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. The etiology of ADHD is unknown, and the disorder may have several different causes. Individual with ADHD present in childhood and may continue to show symptoms as they enter adolescence and adult life. Public interest in ADHD has increased along with debate in the media concerning the diagnostic process and treatment strategies. The purpose of this study is oriental medical approach to ADHD. This study was progressed for oriental diagnosis and treatment for ADHD. In oriental medicine, the reason of ADHD was deficiency of the kidney, hyperactivity of the liver(腎虛肝亢), deficiency of the heart and the spleen(心脾不足), heart disturbed by phlegm and heat(痰熱擾心). The method of medical treatment was nourishing the kidney and checking exuberance of yang(滋腎潛陽), relieving mental stress and promoting wisdom(寧神益智), nourishing the heart and strengthening the spleen(養心健脾), tranquilzation(安神定志). removing heat-phlegm(淸熱化痰), inducing resuscitation and tranquilzation(開窮安神). The prescription was commonly used as Liuwei Dihuang Wan jiajian(六味地黃丸加減), Guipi Tang he Ganmai Dazao Tang jiajian(歸脾湯合甘麥大棗湯加減), Huanglian Wendan Tang jiawei(溫黃連溫膽湯加味). It should help primary care providers in their assessment of a common child health problem.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.603-613
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to investigate the self-reported quality of life and family burden and to examine the factors associated with the quality of life in patients with cancer. Methods: 216 patients participated in the cross-sectional study. The European Group of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Family Burden Scale were sent by mail to 2,000 cancer patients. Two hundred and sixteen patients answered the questionnaire. The stepwise multiple regression was conducted to analyze predictors of overall quality of life. Results: All subscales of EORTC QLQ-C30 were significantly correlated with family burden. The regression analysis of patients with cancer revealed some variables as significant predictors; performance, perceived severity, family burden, time since diagnosis, and sex. Conclusion: The results offer a number of recommendations for future research and nursing practice focused on primary care for patients with cancer and their family for improving quality of life.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

From the standpoint of general guidelines of a dentist, the following conditions should be considered before replanting a permanent tooth. The avulsed tooth should be without advanced periodontal disease. The alveolar socket should be reasonably intact in order to provide a seat for the avulsed tooth. The extra-alveolar period should be considered, i.e. periods exceeding. 2 hours are usually associated with marked root resorption. But, the above mentioned regulations are often difficult to keep in the actual situation of the medical emergency room, owing it to the delay of primary medical care in multiple trauma patients. The successful cases have been reported with minimal root resorption in the long-term periods, in spite of extra-alveolar periods of several hours and combined alveolar bone fracture. This is a case report regarding the effect of endodontic drainage in delayed replantation after a prolonged extra-alveolar period of the avulsed teeth with alveolar bone fracture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8647-8650
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• 2014

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most common cancer cause of gynecologic cancer deaths. In order to increase the likelihood of patient survival through primary operation by gyneco-oncologists, an appropriate algorithm for referral is considered here. Materials and Methods: Suspicious adnexal mass cases including ovarian malignancy probability score-1 (OMPS1) scores between 2.3-3.65 are re-evaluated by OMPS2. Sensitivity and specificity of each score were determined. Results: Sensitivity and specificity with a 3.82 score of OMPS2 in the studied subgroup (OMPS1 scores between 2.3-3.65) were 64% and 76.9% respectively. Conclusions: Management of OMPS1 scores of below 2.3 with sensitivity of 100% and above 3.65 with specificity of 72.9% is clear. In the subgroup of cases with OMPS1 score between 2.3-3.65, OMPS2 is helpful for triage with a cutoff score of 3.82.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.236-244
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• 2002

Objective : To empirically investigate the relationship of internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty in medical services. Methods : This essay proposes an integrated model to explain the causality of internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty. To this end, a structural model was developed, consisting of the following factors: internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty. The study included 214 sets of data, with 107 sets being collected for both out-patients and in-patients. The data were analyzed using AMOS 4.0. Results : We found the greater the internal customer satisfaction, the greater the out-patient quality of service quality. Secondly, the greater the service quality, the greater the external customer satisfaction of both in- and out-patients. The service quality of doctors, compared to that of the nurses, had a greater effect on external customer satisfaction. Thirdly, the service quality of doctors and nurses affected both internal and external customer satisfactions, which ultimately affected the customer loyalty. Finally the greater the external customer satisfaction, the greater the customer loyalty. Conclusion : This Study confirms the positive relationship among the internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty, which proves the doctors quality of service is the primary factor for external satisfaction, and customer loyalty relating to medical services.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.784-787
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• 2009

Purpose: Reduction mammaplasty is one of the most commonly performed operations in plastic surgery. Although secondary surgery is occasionally required for minor aesthetic problems or for treatment of the complications of the primary surgery, there are no clear operative guidelines of management. We report here two cases of secondary reduction mammaplasty using differrent pedicle from the initial ones. Methods: One case of secondary reduction mammaplasty were performed using medial pedicle after central (19 years) pedicle reduction mammaplasty because of subsequent breast ptosis and asymmetry. The other case were performed using medial pedicle after superior (4 years) pedicle reduction mammaplasty with contralateral immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM flap because of subsequent breast ptosis and asymmetry. Care was taken to include sufficient width of pedicle and adequate soft tissue attachment beneath the nipple - areolar complex. Results: There was no significant complication such as nipple - areolar necrosis or fat necrosis. The results were well maintained throughout the follow - up period. Conclusion: Medial pedicle reduction mammaplasty can be safely performed after central or superior pedicle reduction mammaplasty when sufficient width of pedicle and adequate soft tissue attachment beneath the nipple - areolar complex are maintained.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Objective : This study aimed at investigating the relationship between exposure frequency of job related trauma types and the PTSD symptoms severity of firefighters, in relation to the moderating effect that anger rumination plays in the association between those of them. Methods : We examined data from 116 firefighters from Gyeonggi-do. The following instruments were applied: the Life Events Checklist (LEC), the Korean version of the Anger Rumination Scale (K-ARS) and the Primary Care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD). Results : A higher exposure frequency of job related trauma types was associated with severe PTSD symptoms; we discovered, however, that anger rumination exacerbated their relationship. Conclusion : This study showed that anger rumination is one of the variables to exacerbate PTSD symptoms in firefighters. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need to consider the level of anger rumination when running a program to predict or mitigate PTSD symptoms in firefighters.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2015

Apparently, in the field of Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM), lots of papers have been published and they have helped TKM grow quantitatively. But from the inside, there has been a lot of problems like the gap of theory and practice, doubts about necessity of basic theory, and lack of internal communication. There could be many reasons for it, but it could be considered due to the lack of ideal talent that should be goal of teaching and performing TKM. In the field of TKM, the absence of ideal talent of Korean medical doctors(KMD) and inferior social position of KMD than Medical Doctors(MD) has beeb derived from the laws promulgated in Japanese Occupation. These days, KMD should have ability for diagnosis of diseases as primary care and capability for diagnosis and treatment based on TKM theory, therefore careful study of basic theory of TKM is necessary.