• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

구순열의 일차 수술 또는 이차 수술 후에 발생하는 상순의 지나친 긴장은 상하순 간의 부조화, 상악열성장, 골격성 III급 부정교합 등 안모추형을 초래한다. 상순의 긴장이 매우 심한 경우에는 하순의 여유 있는 조직을 이용하여 상순을 수정하는 Abbe 피판을 고려할 수 있다. 상순의 긴장이 큐피드궁의 2/3 이상의 조직 손실을 동반할 경우 Abbe 피판의 적응증이 된다. Abbe 피판은 상순과 하순의 반흔, 색상의 부조화, 그리고 상순의 불완전한 운동을 초래하는 단점을 가진다. 그러므로 Abbe 피판은 신중하게 사용되어야 한다. 우리는 편측성 구순열 1예와 양측성 구순열 3예에서 상순의 과도한 긴장과 큐피드궁의 조직 결핍 그리고 비변형이 심한 이차성 구순열비변형을 교정하기 위해 세 가지 형태의 Abbe 피판을 이용한 이차 교정술을 경험하였다. Abbe 피판수술을 시행한 결과 상순의 반흔과 긴장이 해소되고 큐피드궁이 재건되고 비주의 길이가 증가되어 이차 구순열비변형을 교정할 수 있었다. Abbe 피판은 신중을 기해 적용한다면 구순열 수술 후에 발생되는 상순의 수평적 긴장감이나 편평함을 해결하는 데 유용한 술식임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives : The pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury(SCI) may be divided into primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. The secondary mechanism involves free radical formation, excitotoxicity, inflammation and apoptotic cell death, and sets in minutes after injury and lasts for weeks or months. During this phase the spinal tissue damages are aggravated. Therefore, secondary mechanisms of injury serve as a target for the development of neuroprotective drug against SCI. The present study investigated the effect of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP), an active ingredient purified from the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii(川芎, chuanxiong), on neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord compression injury in rats. Methods : SCI was subjected to rats by a static compression method(35 g weight, 5 mins) and TMP was treated 3 times(30 mg/kg, i.p.) during 48 hours after the SCI. Results : TMP ameliorated the tissue damage in peri-lesion of SCI and reduced TUNEL-labeled cells both in gray matter and in white matter significantly. TMP also attenuated Bax-expressed motor neurons in the ventral horn and preserved Bcl-2-expressed motor neurons. Conclusions : These results indicate that TMP plays a protective role in apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes in spinal cord injury. Moreover, it is suggested that TMP and TMP-containing chuanxiong may potentially delay or protect the secondary spinal injury.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

최근 들어 치아 미백술이 대중화되고 있으나, 단기간내 색소 재침착 등 고유의 한계점이 극복되지는 못 하고 있는 실정이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 치아 미백 효과의 색조 안정성을 향상시킬 방법의 하나로서, resin infiltration의 활용 타당성을 평가할 목적으로 시도되었다. 건전한 총 40개 우치 전치 순면으로부터 법랑질 시편을 채취, 제작하여 1차 착색 및 미백술을 시행하였다. 21일 경과후 시편을 무작위로 3개 군으로 나누어, resin infiltration군(RI군) 과 레진 접착제군(RA군)에 각 15개씩, 그리고 나머지 10개를 대조군으로 하였다. 마지막으로 전체 시편에 대하여 2차 착색을 시행하였다. 전 연구과정에서 색조 평가는 최초상태, 착색 직후, 미백제 적용후, 각 재료 적용후 및 2차 착색 후의 총 5회를 시행하였으며, spectrophotometer를 이용하여 측정하고 CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ 색조계로 기록하였다. 모든 군이 착색 후 $L^*$ 값은 감소, $a^*$, $b^*$ 값은 증가하였으며, RI군과 RI군 모두 재료 적용 전후의 유의한 색조변화는 없었다(p > 0.05). 1차 착색 전후의 색조변화량은 RI군, RA군 및 대조군에서 각각, $12.16{\pm}3.50$, $12.16{\pm}3.38$, $15.81{\pm}6.39$였던 반면, 2차 착색 전후의 변화량은 각각 $15.21{\pm}7.19$, $15.93{\pm}4.31$, 그리고 $26.62{\pm}17.89$로 나타났다. 2차 착색 후의 색조변화량은 RI군과 대조군간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 1, 2 차 착색 전후의 각 군내 색조변화량 비교에 있어서는, RA 군과 대조군에 있어서는 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p < 0.05), RI군에서는 차이가 존재하지 않았다(p = 0.26). 이상의 결과로 보아, 재착색에 민감한 미백후의 치아에 대하여 레진 접착제의 적용으로는 미흡하며, resin infiltration을 통하여 색조 안정성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2017

Objective : A variety of approaches are needed to solve high suicide rates in Korean society. Although suicide prevention education has been provided for the public and suicide risk groups in Korea, a systematic discussion of simple, effective suicide prevention guidelines for the general public has yet to be made. Self-help guidelines for suicide prevention, which can help prevent suicide in at risk individuals, will be developed through expert questionnaires. Methods : In order to develop the draft guidelines, suicide prevention self-help phrases were gathered and compiled from homepages and publicity materials of domestic and international suicide prevention and related organizations. A panel of 16 suicide prevention experts conducted primary and secondary surveys using the Delphi method, which derives results from consensus among expert groups. The validity and appropriateness of the guidelines was analyzed using content validity ratios (CVR). Results : Of 33 candidate phrases selected for the suicide prevention guidelines, 9 showed high CVR after the secondary Delphi round. The highest level of support with total agreement was given to 'Do not be alone, stay with someone'. However, more than half of the panelists evaluated 14/27 of the primary Delphi round and 12/26 of the secondary Delphi round phrases as invalid. The researchers completed 10 self-help guidelines for suicide prevention, after eliminating 1 redundant phrase and including 2 additional phrases that showed relatively high CVR. Conclusion : We have developed 10 self-help guidelines for suicide prevention through the consensus of experts. Further studies on the effects of the guidleines relative to suicide rates are needed after widespread dissemination.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.182-200
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• 2012

최근 과학 글쓰기에 관한 연구에서는 중등학교 과학 시간 또는 과학적 탐구 시간에 글쓰기 기회가 주어져야 한다는 인식이 점점 널리 확산되고 있다. 그러나 현재 과학교사들은 과학 글쓰기 교수에 필요한 자질과 능력을 충분하게 지니고 있지 않은 실정이며, 그런 자질과 능력의 함양에 목적이 있는 과학교사의 직전 연수 및 현직 연수에 적용할 수 있는 과학 글쓰기 교육 기준이 개발이 절실히 요구된다. 이 논문에서는 과학 글쓰기를 위한 과학교사 교육 및 연수 프로그램의 개발과 과학 글쓰기 교수-학습 내용의 선정 조직에 적용할 수 있는 과학 글쓰기 교육 기준을 제시한다. 이 목적은 문헌조사 방법을 적용해 달성하였다. 과학글쓰기 기준은 네 영역으로 나눈 다음, 각 영역을 다시 2-3개의 교육 기준으로 나누고, 각 교육 기준을 하위교육 기준으로 소분화하여 제시한다. 이 논문에서는 총 42개의 하위교육 기준이 제시되어 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1540-1548
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• 2000

Near-wake flow field downstream of a circular cylinder in the wake-transition regime where fine-scale secondary vortices have a spanwise wavelength of around one diameter has been studied by means of phase-averaging from cinematic PIV data. A cross-correlation algorithm in conjunction with the FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)analysis and an offset correlation technique is used for obtaining the velocity vectors. Which the help of very high sampling rate compared to the shedding frequency, it is possible to obtain phase-averaged flow fields although the shedding is not forced but natural. Phase -locked three-dimensional vortical structures are reconstructed form the phase-averaged data in one x-y(cross-sectional) and several z-x(spanwise-streamwise)planes. In this process of phase-averaging in a z-x plane, a technique to freeze the secondary vortices relative to the centerline is applied. The formation process of the secondary vortices is shown by considering spatial relations between the primary Karman and the secondary vortices and their temporal evolutions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

Objective : From an analysis of a community outbreak of measles in Youngju, Gyeongbuk, in March 2000, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of the measles vaccination and its determinants to Provide an epidemiologic basis for the establishment of a vaccination policy. Methods : Information was collected regarding the vaccinations from the health records of four primary schools and through a questionnaire surrey of the parents of students in two middle and two high schools (N=4638). Measles cases were surveyed from the patient list of each school and from case reports in the public health center. The attack rate and vaccine effectiveness of measles was evaluated by school; grade; frequency, region, and institution of vaccination. Results : The attack rate cf measles, 6.3% among the total subjects, was higher in middle school students (15.8%) than in primary (2.0%, p<0.05) and high school students (8.9%, p<0.05). The attack rate of the unvaccinated group was 4.6-fold higher than the vaccinated group in primary schools (p<0.05). Vaccine effectiveness was 83.2% among lower graders of primary schools, 34.0% among higher graders of primary schools,26.1% in middle schools, and -7.0% in high schools. In multiple logistic regression analysis, grade in school (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI=0.67-0.87) and frequency of vaccination (odds ratio, 0.57: 95% CI=0.37-0.58) were significant predictors of the outcome. Conclusions : We concluded that the explosive outbreak of measles in this area resulted from both inadequate vaccination coverage and secondary failure of vaccination. There was no evidence of any effect of the cold chain system on the vaccine failure.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2015

Enclosures are widely used to alleviate the contribution of machinery noise. It has been long concerned with the noise transmission through the access openings of the enclosures. In this study, we investigate active noise control technology for reduction of the transmission. A numerical model based on the acoustic boundary element method is first established. Using the numerical model, the acoustic transfer functions of the field points over the opening to the primary source at arbitrary locations are estimated. The feedforward control to minimize the acoustic power through the opening is then numerically implemented. The controller drives the secondary source to destructively interfere the noise transmission through the opening. Finally, a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the location and the number of the microphones on the control performance. Furthermore, the effects of the location of the secondary source on the performance of active noise control are investigated. It is followed that the control system implemented in this study leads to a significant reduction of about 31.5 dB in the sound power through the opening using only one secondary source located at the optimized position.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.182-186
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• 2011

Ejector-diffuser system has long been used in many diverse fields of engineering applications and it has advantages over other fluid machinery, because of no moving parts and structural simplicity. This system makes use of high-pressure primary stream to entrain the low-pressure secondary stream through pure shear actions between two streams. In general, the flow field in the ejector-diffuser system is highly complicated due to turbulent mixing, compressibility effects and sometimes flow unsteadiness. A fatal drawback of the ejector system is in its low efficiency. Many works have been done to improve the performance of the ejector system, but not yet satisfactory, compared with that of other fluid machinery. In the present study, a mixing guide vane was installed at the inlet of the secondary stream for the purpose of the performance improvement of the ejector system. A CFD method has been applied to simulate the supersonic flows inside the ejector-diffuser system. The present results obtained were validated with existing experimental data. The mixing guide vane effects are discussed in terms of the entrainment ratio, total pressure loss as well as pressure recovery.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to identify some of the issues and problems related to the dimension of education and training of teachers and develop educational directions and strategies for enhancing teacher quality in environmental education. In order to review the status of environmental education at primary and secondary school levels analysis of the related literatures and the results of our studies since 1991 were briefly summarized.