• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.325-336
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to confirm the components of users' shared value expectation(SVE) on lifelong education through convergent approaches. After reviewing primary data and collecting secondary data with quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, the components of users' SVE on lifelong education were categorized into 10 perspectives, 27 measured variables, and 81 questions. After conducting a confirmatory factor analysis, the latent measurement model was confirmed as reasonable. Internal reliability, construct convergent discriminant validity were also confirmed as reasonable. In a viewpoint that builds interdisciplinary theory, this research may help grasp users' SVE on lifelong education with interdisciplinary approaches. In a strategic viewpoint, this study may contribute to both understanding categorized users' value expectation and planning/executing suitable programs that can meet the expectations. In a managerial viewpoint, this result may help measure the effectiveness of SVE on lifelong education quantitatively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.7A
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• pp.560-568
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• 2012

Spectrum sensing and spectrum decision are the main functions that cognitive radios (CRs) have to perform in order to get the best available spectrum band for the establishment of a wireless communication. These problems are worsened in the presence of users with different demands and spectrum channels with different properties in a heterogeneous network. The primary objective in this work is to design and simulate a new spectrum decision algorithm for heterogeneous cognitive radio system. To this end, first, we consider all cognitive users are separated into different traffic classes according to their Quality of Service (QoS). The cognitive users within one traffic class perform spectrum sensing in centralized group-based cooperative spectrum sensing system and the users of different traffic classes share the sensing results. Second, we propose a novel use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to optimally select available bands according to user requirements and detected spectrum channel characteristics (SCC). In this paper, utility function is used as spectrum decision algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method shows can effectively select the best available spectrum channels with a low complexity.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2012

This study develops the evaluation model which is for assessing on the side of users in expressway service areas. The direction of development on Evaluation Criteria is all about on the side of necessity of service area users, the reflection of current conditions, the construction of total evaluation criteria, and the examination of connecting study with current study. After that, this study examines previous evaluation criterias and researchers will select the primary provision of evaluation through FGI, and they derive the final evaluation criteria throughout the verification of suitability on Evaluation Criteria. Throughout AHP analysis which is a professional survey system of users, researchers derive on the side of facilities, on the side of operations, on the side of environments, and on the side of services in order by the weightings.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is suggesting the direction for improving web accessibility by analyzing the state of abiding by the web accessibility by the centers for teaching and learning support at the education offices in cities and provinces which provide the learning and teaching materials to the K-12 members and the interested people. For this aim, nine centers for teaching and learning support were evaluated. The primary manual evaluation by two experts and the evaluation by 18 users were conducted. The users were comprised of hearing-impaired people, visually-impaired people, brain-disabled people, the elderly, various browser users, and a variety of operating system users. As a result of the analysis, not a single center for teaching and learning support had conformed to web accessibility in the expert evaluation and the user evaluation. As a result of the expert evaluation, the errors regarding web design improvement, HTML source error correction, and provision of alternative measures for the disabled were found. This study is meaningful in the sense that it provided various discussions with regard to the direction of the future web accessibility evaluation based on the improved web accessibility evaluation method.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

Recent trends of mobile convergence has already brought about many changes in our digitally-powered society. Especially, taking advantage of strengths of existing mobile devices and smart phones have already been established as a primary standard in the business intelligence world. Such high-powered digital devices equipped with mobile convergence functions are getting more momentum as app stores are prevailing. Basically, the app stores are administered by smart phone manufacturers, creating a new business ecosystem among app developers and end-users. However, there are paucity of studies tackling an issue about how users' repurchase intention of the apps is influenced by the service qualities of the app stores. In this respect, this study aims to investigate the effect of app store service quality on users' satisfaction and repurchase intention. As the value of loyal customers is incomparably high in app commerce, winning customers' loyalty is vital to the success of app stores. In this study, a customer is defined as one who has purchased goods or services at least once from the app stores. The proposed research model includes a number of constructs such as app perceptions, customer service, perceived ease of use, design, promotion, perceived consumer risk and connectivity. Empirical results revealed that perceived consumer risk has a negative relationship with consumer's perceived repurchase intention. All the other variables-app perceptions, customer service, perceived ease of use, design, promotion, connectivity- are found to be positively related with the repurchase intentions.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2021

In modern socity, online communication plays a vital role in social interaction of communicities. It is so common for online users to see display advertisements online while surting the Net. Specifically, most web banners diaplayed on portral sites consist of words, phrase, and sentences. Considering that the primary purpose of adversiting is persuation, the advertisement such as web banners is an examplary case to show the interaction among pragmatics, translation and advertising because the linguistic expressions employed in the banners represent its pragmatic use, leading to persuation and functioning as a communicative tool for the smooth communication between source text producers (adversisers) and target audience (online users). This can be part of the so-called translation process. In particular, we can easily witness the use of English words in web banners. Thus, this paper looks at web banners displayed on major four portal sites-Naver, Daum, Nate, and Zum, giving a special attention to the content contained in the web banners as well as the use of English words. As s result, we found that the frequencies of English words in each portal site were higher when the advertised products were targeting young online users, whereas the frequencies were lower when the users are older group than young people. The finding supports the prgramatic perspective that linguistic expressions are understood in social contexts and shows the so-called translation process which involves a shift from semantic meaning of words to their pragmatic use. Finally, we can conclude that the interaction is possible when we have the framework where translation, pragmatics, and advertising are all communitative components for social interaction within social contexts.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.100-111
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• 2009

Cognitive radio is an advanced technology for efficient utilization of under-utilized spectrum via spectrum sensing. CR users should move from current allocating channel to empty channel to avoid the interference to the primary user if the primary user is allocating that channel. Thus, CR system cannot support the CR user's QoS(Quaiity of Service). In this paper, we propose dynamic frequency selection method based on Genetic Algorithm with power control. It is to find the optimization channel for satisfying various CR user's needs with the power control method to minimize the CR user's interference to the primary user. And, we propose the Genetic Algorithm(GA) which determines the best configuration for CR communication systems. The computer simulation results show that the proposed method guaranteed the primary user's decodability and the optimized solution for various channel status.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.97-110
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• 2002

As users environments change, users primary needs for homepages also change more complicatedly. Today, users do not only want usability for homepages, but also to feel appropriate emotional experiences. Despite users needs, users do not always experience appropriate emotions that are conveyed by designers through homepage. I In this research paper, we analyzed the related factors with the emotional quality, which means the degree that users feel target emotions intended by designers. For analyzing factors related with the emotional quality, three hypotheses were verified; the factor of an emotion, the factor of users and the factor of designers. As the factor of emotions, the first hypothesis is that unclear emotional dimensions in users minds are related with the emotional quality. The second hypothesis, as the factor of users, is that the diversity of users experiences by same homepage is related with the emotional quality. The third hypothesis, as the factor of designers, is that the appropriate selection of design elements is related with the emotional quality. In the previous research, we selected the basic 13 emotional dimensions and 30 representative emotional words based on the statistical results and evaluations by professional designers. For this research, we conducted an experiment and user survey. In the experiment, we asked 30 designers to design homepages focusing on the typical emotion that was presented by a researcher. Based on the designing process and user evaluation, we performed statistical analyses: ANOVA with Tukey post hoc method and Factor Analysis. We found the discrepancy between the emotions that designers intend and the actual emotions that users experienced from homepages. From the result of analysis, we know that the factor of users and the factor of designers related with the emotional qualities, but the factor of emotions did not. The definiteness of emotions did not relate with the emotional quality. However, the diversity of emotions that users feel seeing the same homepages and design elements that designers chose for conveying target emotion related with the emotional quality.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.122-133
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• 2009

As wireless spectrum resources become more scarce while some portions of frequency bands suffer from low utilization, the design of cognitive radio (CR) has recently been urged, which allows opportunistic usage of licensed bands for secondary users without interference with primary users. Spectrum sensing is fundamental for a secondary user to find a specific available spectrum hole. Cooperative spectrum sensing is more accurate and more widely used since it obtains helpful reports from nodes in different locations. However, if some nodes are compromised and report false sensing data to the fusion center on purpose, the accuracy of decisions made by the fusion center can be heavily impaired. Weighted sequential probability ratio test (WSPRT), based on a credit evaluation system to restrict damage caused by malicious nodes, was proposed to address such a spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack at the price of introducing four times more sampling numbers. In this paper, we propose two new schemes, named enhanced weighted sequential probability ratio test (EWSPRT) and enhanced weighted sequential zero/one test (EWSZOT), which are robust against SSDF attack. By incorporating a new weight module and a new test module, both schemes have much less sampling numbers than WSPRT. Simulation results show that when holding comparable error rates, the numbers of EWSPRT and EWSZOT are 40% and 75% lower than WSPRT, respectively. We also provide theoretical analysis models to support the performance improvement estimates of the new schemes.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.134-147
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• 2009

Tracking and exploiting instantaneous spectrum opportunities are fundamental challenges in opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) in presence of the bursty traffic of primary users and the limited spectrum sensing capability of secondary users. In order to take advantage of the history of spectrum sensing and access decisions, a sequential decision framework is widely used to design optimal policies. However, many existing schemes, based on a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) framework, reveal that optimal policies are non-stationary in nature which renders them difficult to calculate and implement. Therefore, this work pursues stationary OSA policies, which are thereby efficient yet low-complexity, while still incorporating many practical factors, such as spectrum sensing errors and a priori unknown statistical spectrum knowledge. First, with an approximation on channel evolution, OSA is formulated in a multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework. As a result, the optimal policy is specified by the wellknown Gittins index rule, where the channel with the largest Gittins index is always selected. Then, closed-form formulas are derived for the Gittins indices with tunable approximation, and the design of a reinforcement learning algorithm is presented for calculating the Gittins indices, depending on whether the Markovian channel parameters are available a priori or not. Finally, the superiority of the scheme is presented via extensive experiments compared to other existing schemes in terms of the quality of policies and optimality.