• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.176-182
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• 2018

Background: Family physicians (FPs) play an important role in cancer control. The aim of this study was to understand the functions of FPs in cancer control and to explore FPs' perceptions of their own roles and the difficulties they face in cancer control in Karabuk province, Turkey. Methods: The study consisted of two methodological parts. The qualitative part included a descriptive study in which data were collected from 87.5% (n=56) out of all FPs in Karabuk using a questionnaire. In the quantitative part, in-depth interviews with 15 FPs were conducted and analyzed through content analysis. Results: Half of the FPs (50.0%) provided cancer prevention information for their registered people, focusing on especially smoking cessation. In the last three months, the proportion of FPs who had not invited anyone to screenings was 37.5% for the pap test, 26.8% for the mammography, 19.0% for the fecal occult blood test and 34.5% for the colonoscopy. Only 16.1% of them reported that they made home visits for cancer patients. In the qualitative part of study, the following themes were highlighted: the perceived responsibilities of FPs regarding cancer control; the effect of geographically undefined working area of FPs; the issues with coordination between FPs and specialists; the effect of the number of primary care team members. Conclusions: Cancer control services provided by FPs have significant problems in terms of the FPs' approach to the services and their content, continuity and coordination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.552-558
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• 1995

Stereolithography is a process used to rapidly produce polymer components directly from a computer-representation of the part. There are several considerations to be made for the efficient use of te process. Especially, the build-up orientation of part critically affect to the part accuracy, total build time and the volume of support structures. Te purpose of this study is to determine the optimal build-up part orientation for the SLA process with improving part accuracy, minimizing total build time, and the volume of supprot structures. The first factor is related to the area of surfaces which have staircase protrusions after solidification, the second factor is related to the total number of layers, and the third factor is related to the area of the surfaces which need to be supported with support structures. An algorithm is developed to calculate the staircase area with quantifying the process planning errors that the volume of materials is supposed to be removed or added to the part, and the optimal layer thickness for the SLA system whichcan hadle the variable layer thickness in different orientations achieved by rotating the given part to the specified finite directions. So the optimal part orientation is determined based on the user's selections of primary criterion and the optimal thickness of layers is calculated at any part orientations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.163-173
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• 1996

Stereolithography is a process used to rapidly produce polymer components directly form a computer representation of the part. There are several considerations to be made for the efficient use of the process. Especially, the build-up orientation of part critically affects the part accuracy, total build time and the volume of support structures. The purpose of tis study is to determine the optimal build-up part orientation for the SLA process with improving part accuracy, and minimizing total build time and the volume of support structures. The forst factor is related to the area of surfaces whioch have staircase protrusions after solidification, the second factor is related to the total number of layers, and the third factor is related to the area of the surfaces which need to be supported with support structures. An algorithm is developed to calculate the staircase area, quantifying the process errors by the volume of materials supposed to be removed or added to the part, and the optimal layer thickness for the SLA system which can handle the variable layer thickness. So the optima l part orientation is determined based on the user's selections of primary criter- ion and the optimal thickness of layers is calculated at any part orientations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1999.06b
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• pp.185-194
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• 1999

This paper suggests the new techmology to control metal flow in order to reduce the number of preforming and machining for the cold forged product with complex geometry. This technology can be summarized the complex forming, which consists of bulk forming and sheet forming, and multi-action forging, which be preformed double action dies. To analyze the process, finite element simulation has been performed. The proposed technology is applied to hub which is part of air conditioner clutch. According to the result of this study, the relative velocity of mandrel and punch is primary process variable.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1984

This study was performed to observe the secondary images and to analyse the relationships between the primary and secondary images in panoramic radiograph. Using the Moritta's Panex-EC panoramic x-ray machine and the human dry skull, the author analysed 17 radiographs which were selected from 65 radiographs of the dry skull that attached the radiopaque materials, and the attached regions of the radiopaque materials were the normal anatomical structures which were important and selected as a regions for the evaluation of the secondary images effectively. The results were as follows; 1. The cervical vertebrae showed three images. The midline image was the most distorted and less clear, and bilateral images were slightly superimposed over the posterior border of the mandibular ramus. 2. In mandible, the secondary image of the posterior border of the ramus was superimposed on the opposite ramus region, and this image was elongated from the anterior border of the ramus to the lateral side of the posterior border of the ramus. The secondary image of the condyle was observed on the upper area of the coronoid process, the sigmoid notch and the condyle in opposite side. 3. In maxilla, the posterior region of the hard palate showed the secondary image on the lower part of the nasal cavity and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. 4. The primary images of the occipital condyle and the mastoid process appeared on the same region, and only the secondary image of the occipital condyle was observed symmetrically on the opposite side with similar shape to the primary one. 5. In the cranial base, the anatomical structures of the midsagittal portions like a inferior border of the frontal sinus, sella turcica, inferior borderr of the sphenoid sinus and inferior border of the posterior part of the occipital bone showed the simillar shape between the primary and secondary images symmetrically. 6. The petrous portion of the temporal bone showed the secondary image on the lateral side of the sella-turcica, and the secondary images of the posterior border of lesser wing, superior border of greater wing of the sphenoid bone and posterior border were observed on the anterior-superior and inferior region of the sella-turcica.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.486-493
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• 1997

Experimental investigations on the comparison of developments between transient jets and evolving jet diffusion flames have been made in initial injection period. To achieve this experiment, an ignition technique using a residual flame as the ignition source is devised. High speed Schlieren visualizations, and measurements including jet tip penetration velocities and jet widths of the primary vortex are employed to examine the developing processes for several flow conditions. It is seen that the developing behaviors in the presence of flame are greatly different from those in transient jet, and thus the flow characteristics in the transient part are also modified. The discernible differences are shown to consist of the delay of the rollup of the primary vortex, the faster spreading after the rollup due to exothermic expansion, and the survival of only a primary vortex. The growth of primary vortex in the transient jet is properly explained through an impulsively started laminar vortex prior to the interaction. It is also found that the jet tip penetration velocity varies with elapsed time and an increase in Res gives rise to a higher tip penetration velocity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.355-358
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• 2003

Recently, micro forming process technology have been developed since the size of machine parts become the crucial factor for minimizing of products in general electronic products. Most small machine parts consist of gear and rotation axis and the wear by mechanical contact is known as the primary factor for life reduction of high precision machine part. Lots of studies for mechanical wear and friction have been reported and many researches of MEMS technology have been studied recently. But just few studies for wear of micro or milli sized machine part have teen implemented. In this research, the wear equation is suggested according to the contact shape of axial part in micro or milli sized machine part. And wear analysis model which can predict the magnitude of wear through this suggested equation with numerical analysis program.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2011

Linear permanent magnet synchronous motors utilize high-energy product permanent magnet to produce high thrust, velocity and acceleration. Such motors are finding applications requiring high positioning accuracy and speed response, for example, machine tools, in the absence of mechanical gears and ball screw systems. A disadvantage of the linear motors is high power loss in comparison with rotary motors. For the application of the linear motors to machine tools, it is required to use water coolers and to improve the thermal behavior through insulation and structure optimization or control strategies. This paper presents the function of the secondary part of the linear synchronous motor as to the thermal behavior and the improving method. The result shows cooling pipe combined with an insulation layer is a suitable design for improving of the thermal behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate personality adaptation factors related to life satisfaction of the aged. Personality adaptation factors were classified into four factors(The active-intergration, The dependent-passivity, The failing-overaboundance, The self-negativity). The hypothesises of this study are as follow : (1) Personality adaptation factors can be predited by demographic variables and family environmental variables. (2) Life Satisfaction can be predited by demogaphic variables and family environmental variables. (3) Each personality adaptation factors will be correlated with life satisfaction. For the test of hypothesises, Questionnaries were given to the randomly selected 332 persons over age 60 in Pusan. Questionnaries consist of 4 parts. These are demographic part, family environment part, personality adaptation factor part, and life satisfaction part. The data collected were analyzed by satistical methods such as Case, Percentage Factor Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Pearson's Correlation. According to the results of the analysis of this study, primary, personality adaptation factor is decided by personal problem. But, this personality adaptation factor of the aged is affected by family environment. Particulary, in the results of the study, frequent communication with their family is more important than physical solidary.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.2204-2220
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• 2020

An open-pool type research reactor is designed and operated considering the accessibility around the pool top area to enhance the reactor utilization. The reactor structure assembly is placed at the bottom of the pool and filled with water as a primary coolant for the core cooling and radiation shielding. Most radioactive materials are generated from the fuel assemblies in the reactor core and circulated with the primary coolant. If the primary coolant goes up to the pool surface, the radiation level increases around the working area near the top of the pool. Hence, the hot water layer is designed and formed at the upper part of the pool to suppress the rising of the primary coolant to the pool surface. The temperature gradient is established from the hot water layer to the primary coolant. As this temperature gradient suppresses the circulation of the primary coolant at the upper region of the pool, the radioactive primary coolant rising up directly to the pool surface is minimized. Water mixing between these layers is reduced because the hot water layer is formed above the primary coolant with a higher temperature. The radiation level above the pool surface area is maintained as low as reasonably achievable since the radioactive materials in the primary coolant are trapped under the hot water layer. The key to maintaining the stable hot water layer and keeping the radiation level low on the pool surface is to have a stable flow of the primary coolant. In the research reactor with a downward core flow, the primary coolant is dumped into the reactor pool and goes to the reactor core through the flow guide structure. Flow fields of the primary coolant at the lower region of the reactor pool are largely affected by the dumped primary coolant. Simple, circular, and duct type discharge headers are designed to control the flow fields and make the primary coolant flow stable in the reactor pool. In this research, flow fields of the primary coolant and hot water layer are numerically simulated in the reactor pool. The heat transfer rate, temperature, and velocity fields are taken into consideration to determine the formation of the stable hot water layer and primary coolant flow. The bulk Richardson number is used to evaluate the stability of the flow field. A duct type discharge header is finally chosen to dump the primary coolant into the reactor pool. The bulk Richardson number should be higher than 2.7 and the temperature of the hot water layer should be 1 ℃ higher than the temperature of the primary coolant to maintain the stability of the stratified thermal layer.